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November 6, 2025 Climate and environment

In 2025, the planet continues to break temperature records. According to data released Thursday by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), this year will likely be the second or third warmest on record, with the last 11 years—2015 to 2025—already recognized as the hottest in 176 years.

Air temperature

The average surface temperature from January to August 2025 was 1.42 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. This is slightly lower than in 2024, when the El Niño effect was observed, but overall, the heat wave is not abating.

From June 2023 to August 2025, almost every month set temperature records—except February 2025. Scientists attribute this not only to natural cycles, but also to increased aerosol production and other factors. anthropological factors, increasing warming.

Oceans and sea level

The oceans continue to accumulate heat: more than 90 percent of the excess energy caused by greenhouse gases goes there. This leads to destruction of marine ecosystems, increased storms and accelerated ice melting.

Sea levels are rising at an ever-increasing rate: while in the 1990s they rose by 2.1 mm per year, they are now rising by 4.1 mm. A record level was recorded in 2024, but this year, it has temporarily dropped due to natural factors.

Ice area and glaciers

The area of Arctic ice after this winter has reached the lowest level In the entire history of satellite observations, the situation in Antarctica is also alarming: in 2025, the third-highest ice loss in recorded history was recorded.

Global glaciers are losing mass for the third year in a row. They are estimated to have lost 450 gigatons of ice in 2023/2024, equivalent to a sea level rise of 1.2 mm.

Greenhouse gases

Concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere reached record levels in 2024 and continue to growCO₂ levels have risen by 53 percent compared to pre-industrial levels, making the single-year increase the largest on record.

Extreme events

This year has brought devastating floods in Africa and Asia, wildfires in Europe and North America, and deadly tropical cyclones. These events have impacted economies, food security, and led to mass displacement.

Energy and climate services

The 2024 heat wave caused a spike demand for electricity – four percent above average, and in some regions, such as Central and Southern Africa, nearly 30 percent higher. This highlights the need to consider climate data in energy planning.

National meteorological services are increasingly involved in climate policymaking. Now, almost two-thirds of them provide not only basic forecasts but also in-depth analytical reports. Five years ago, only 35 percent did so.

Early warning systems

Since 2015, the number of countries that have implemented multifactorial early warning systems, increased from 56 to 119. However, 40 percent of countries still lack such systems. Accelerating progress is especially important in least developed countries and island territories, the WMO notes.

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UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, in turn, added: “Every year with a temperature above one and a half degrees Celsius "This is a blow to the economy, increasing inequality, and causing irreversible losses. We need to act quickly, on a large scale, and decisively."

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November 5, 2025 Healthcare

Smoking claims more than half a million lives in Europe each year, according to a new report from the World Health Organization (WHO). However, over the past 20 years—that is, since the European Union ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco—significant progress has been made in tobacco control policy.

Smoking claims more than half a million lives in Europe each year, according to a new report from the World Health Organization (WHO). However, over the past 20 years—that is, since the European Union ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco—significant progress has been made in tobacco control policy.

“Twenty years ago, the EU adopted this landmark UN convention and built domestic legal frameworks in line with the vision of the WHO Framework Convention – to save lives and protect people from the massive risks associated with tobacco use – from cancer and cardiovascular disease to tuberculosis and dementia,” said Dr Hans Kluge, WHO Regional Director for Europe.

"But despite decades of political efforts in all 27 EU member states, the burden of tobacco addiction remains colossal," he added.

Tobacco is one of the leading causes of death in Europe.

Although tobacco use in the EU is gradually declining, it still causes over 500,000 deaths annually. Of these, almost 80,000 are due to exposure to secondhand smoke.

In 2022, 26.5 percent of EU adults used tobacco, higher than the global average (20.9 percent). Almost one in four women in the EU smokes, higher than the global average (7.4 percent). Tobacco consumption is higher among men (29.1 percent) than among women (23.9 percent).

Tobacco remains the leading risk factor for premature death. Smoking accounts for 17 percent of all deaths from noncommunicable diseases in the EU.

Currently, only seven EU countries are moving towards the global target of reducing tobacco consumption by 30 percent by 2025.

Electronic cigarettes and youth

Today, the actions of tobacco companies, using a wide range of marketing strategies, are becoming a serious challenge for the future of the EU.

New tobacco and nicotine-containing products—e-cigarettes, nicotine pouches—often come in brightly colored packaging and fruity or sweet flavors. They are actively advertised, including through social media, to attract children and teenagers.

The WHO European Region already leads the world in vaping prevalence among adolescents aged 13–15, and this trend is rapidly growing. While smoking among adults is declining, the use of nicotine products among young people is increasing.

Almost one in four 15- to 16-year-olds in the EU uses e-cigarettes—ranging from 6 percent in Portugal to 36 percent in Poland. Since 2019, vaping rates among adolescents have increased in 22 of the 25 EU countries, with girls using e-cigarettes more frequently than boys in all countries.

Research shows that vaping nearly triples the likelihood of smoking traditional cigarettes among non-smoking teens.

Main problems

The implementation of evidence-based tobacco control measures across the EU remains uneven.

All countries monitor tobacco use and use large graphic warnings on packaging, but only eight countries have fully ensured smoke-free environments; only four countries have introduced a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship.

Meanwhile, in 14 countries, cigarettes have become more affordable since 2014 due to price reductions. By 2024, only six of the 27 EU countries have banned flavorings in e-cigarettes, and approximately half have introduced partial restrictions on their advertising.

The two main problems reported by EU countries are the emergence of new nicotine products and the ongoing interference of the tobacco industry in regulatory processes.

European Leadership and the Way Forward

For two decades, the European Union has proven that coordinated legislative action can change the trajectory of public health.

The WHO emphasizes that higher taxes and stricter restrictions on smoking, a complete ban on flavorings, uniform packaging for all nicotine products, and the elimination of loopholes in online advertising will help accelerate progress.

"A tobacco-free Europe is more than just an achievable goal. It's a future where children grow up free from addiction, the air is cleaner, and health and well-being are shared values," said Christina Mauer-Stender, WHO Regional Director for Europe.

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November 5, 2025 Peace and security

Worldwide, small arms and light weapons remain one of the most significant sources of instability and armed violence. Their uncontrolled proliferation undermines social development, fuels conflict, and erodes trust in state institutions.

Kyrgyzstan demonstrates how digital solutions for small arms control can contribute to peace and security.

The government, with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), is working to create a modern civilian firearms management system as part of the global SALIENT (Saving Lives Entity) initiative.

From paper to digital registries

Before the launch of the SALIENT project, weapons registration in Kyrgyzstan was conducted manually at the regional level. Paper logs, disparate databases, and limited information sharing between agencies hindered effective oversight and coordination.

With the implementation of SALIENT, the country's authorities created the first unified electronic weapons registry, launched in 2024. The new digital system unites all authorized government agencies on a secure platform, enabling online data verification, permit renewal, and weapons transfer registration.

Furthermore, the project helped strengthen the national regulatory framework: the first National Action Plan on Small Arms and Light Weapons was prepared, and an interagency coordination group was established, bringing together 14 government institutions. Licensing departments received modern software and equipment, speeding up the registration process and enabling its monitoring.

"This plan is aimed at improving the safety of citizens and society, as well as strengthening national and regional security," noted Marat Imankulov, Secretary of the Security Council of the Kyrgyz Republic.

The measures taken by Kyrgyzstan have increased transparency, efficiency, and the level of interaction between agencies, bringing Kyrgyzstan's practices closer to international standards of small arms management.

"UNDP supports national efforts to strengthen peace and security… through the establishment of an inter-agency coordination group, the digitalization of the register, and the development of a National Plan on Small Arms and Light Weapons," emphasized Alexandra Solovieva, UNDP Resident Representative in Kyrgyzstan.

Peace – step by step

UNDP Representative Zhenishbek Arzymatov noted: "It is important to maintain the results achieved. UNDP intends to continue supporting the implementation of the National Action Plan and the expansion of the digital registry throughout the country. Our goal is to help Kyrgyzstan achieve its national gun control goals."

Kyrgyzstan's progress was highlighted internationally during the SALIENT global training event, held from September 30 to October 1, 2025, at the UN Global Service Centre in Brindisi, Italy.

Arzymatov, along with Maksat Omorov from the Secretariat of the Security Council of Kyrgyzstan, presented the country's experience—from the launch of a pilot digital registry and the drafting of the National Plan to strengthening interagency coordination.

Representatives from more than 10 countries, as well as UNODC, UNDP, and partners, participated in the event. Participants exchanged experiences and discussed the next steps in developing the SALIENT initiative.

"In recent years, Kyrgyzstan has stepped up its efforts to control small arms and light weapons. As part of our partnership, we conduct national seminars for government officials, journalists, and civil society representatives, and have developed a National Action Plan that sets a long-term vision. When we digitized the first weapons record, it wasn't just a number on a screen—it was a step toward a world you can see, feel, and believe in," said Maksat Omorov.

For Arzymatov's team, this project is not abstract politics, but a real contribution to peacebuilding—step by step.

In addition, Kyrgyzstan initiated the establishment of March 5 as International Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Awareness Day, an idea that was approved by the UN General Assembly.

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November 5, 2025 UN

The main news of the day at the UN and around the world: the Second World Summit for Social Development in Doha, a Security Council meeting on the situation in Abyei, the anniversary of the collapse of a canopy at a railway station in Serbia, and World Tsunami Awareness Day.

Doha Social Summit

At the World Economic Forum in Doha, Qatar, António Guterres echoed this message, calling education "the best tool for fighting poverty." He warned of growing inequality, chronic underfunding, and a global shortage of qualified teachers.

The situation in Abyei

UN Assistant Secretary-General for Africa Martha Pobi, along with the Secretary-General's Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa, Guang Cong, briefed the Security Council on the current situation in Abyei, a region disputed by Sudan and South Sudan. Pobi recommended the immediate deployment of Security Council-authorized police units to Abyei and urged Sudan and South Sudan to provide their full support. Guang Cong stated that bilateral engagement between Sudan and South Sudan on Abyei's final status remains limited. He continues to engage with the governments of both countries to improve bilateral relations and will fully support the African Union in its efforts to resolve Abyei's final status.

Anniversary of the tragedy in Novi Sad

A year after the collapse of a railway station canopy in Serbia, which killed 16 people and sparked a wave of protests, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk called for renewed efforts to bring those responsible to justice. He emphasized that restoring public trust in state institutions and upholding the rule of law are crucial. Over the past year, Serbians have protested across the country, demanding accountability for those responsible for the Novi Sad tragedy, a stronger fight against corruption, and the release of those arbitrarily detained during peaceful protests. The authorities reject these demands, accusing the protesters of inciting violence and blaming "external interference."

World Tsunami Awareness Day

November 5th is World Tsunami Awareness Day. The 2025 theme is to highlight the need to build resilient communities through the global Tsunami Preparedness program. This year's campaign promotes preventative action and unites governments, scientists, local leaders, and the public to reduce tsunami risk. The campaign also calls for investing in community resilience and shared responsibility for coastal safety.

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November 5, 2025 Human rights

A year after the collapse of a railway station canopy in Serbia, which killed 16 people and sparked a wave of student protests, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk called for renewed efforts to bring those responsible to justice. He emphasized that restoring public trust in state institutions and upholding the rule of law are crucial.

Türk added that the situation is exacerbated by numerous allegations of attacks on peaceful protesters and journalists, as well as arbitrary detentions, which have not been investigated or have gone unpunished.

Protests and government response

Over the past year, Serbians have protested across the country, demanding accountability for those responsible for the Novi Sad tragedy, a stronger fight against corruption, and the release of those arbitrarily detained during or after peaceful protests. The authorities reject these demands, accusing protesters of inciting violence and blaming "external interference."

Call for investigation and protection of rights

The High Commissioner reiterated the need for an urgent, transparent, independent and effective investigation into the collapse of the canopy in Novi Sad, as legal proceedings against those allegedly responsible have stalled.

Türk stressed the importance of an impartial investigation into all allegations of arbitrary arrests and detentions, as well as disproportionate use of force by law enforcement agencies during demonstrations.

Freedom of expression and judicial independence

Türk recalled Serbia's obligations to respect the rights to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly, emphasizing that measures to ensure public order must not go beyond the strictly defined limits established by international law.

The High Commissioner noted that an independent judiciary, free from political pressure, is the only way to maintain confidence in the rule of law.

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