Category: Глобальная политика

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December 11, 2025 International law

The Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela stated that members of the country's National Guard have committed serious human rights violations and crimes against humanity for over a decade, according to a report published Thursday.

The document, prepared during the mission's work by Marta Valiñas, Francisco Cox Vial, and Patricia Tappata Valdés, contains a detailed analysis of the internal structure and chain of command of the National Guard. The report notes that members of this unit are implicated in arbitrary killings, illegal detentions, sexual and gender-based violence, torture, and other cruel treatment. These practices have been committed both during protests and as part of targeted political persecution since 2014.

"The facts we have documented demonstrate the role of the National Guard in the systematic and coordinated suppression of opponents, or those perceived as such. This has been going on for over ten years," stated mission chair Marta Valiñas. She emphasized that this situation requires decisive action by national and international mechanisms to hold those responsible accountable.

Uncontrolled powers

The report states that Venezuela's national security doctrine effectively merged military and police functions, legitimizing the militarization of the public security sector and expanding the National Guard's authority to suppress dissent. The centralized command system, with the president as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, enabled illegal actions to be carried out without any oversight or accountability.

During protests in 2014, 2017, 2019, and 2024, the National Guard used excessive force, including firearms and modified ammunition, to inflict maximum harm. The mission also documented mass detentions, physical violence during arrests, evidence fabrication, torture, and sexual violence in National Guard buildings used as temporary detention centers.

"Part of a systematic practice"

"Torture, cruel treatment, and acts of sexual violence, including rape, were not isolated incidents. They were part of a systematic pattern," Valiñas noted.

According to civil society, the National Guard was responsible for the largest number of politically motivated arrests in 2019–2020. In 2024, the Guard played a key role in Operation Tun Tun, which targeted government opponents with baseless charges of terrorism and incitement to hatred.

The mission uncovered a persistent pattern of impunity perpetuated by the Venezuelan judicial system: delays in investigations, manipulation of evidence, deliberate obstruction of justice by the National Guard, and the restriction of accountability to only the lowest ranks.

The report concludes that there are reasonable grounds to believe that National Guard members, as well as high-ranking military and political leaders, may be criminally liable under the Rome Statute.

“The Mission has reasonable grounds to believe that members of the National Guard have made a significant contribution to the commission of crimes [by the Venezuelan authorities], including arbitrary detention, torture, gender-based violence and persecution,” Valiñas concluded.

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December 11, 2025 Humanitarian aid

In 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) installed modular heating and water treatment systems in 11 hospitals in Ukraine. This infrastructure will enable medical facilities to continue providing care to the population amid ongoing security threats.

Hospitals depend on utilities to operate: electricity is needed for diagnosis and surgery, water is needed to prevent infections and ensure proper sanitation, and heating is needed to protect people's health and keep medical equipment functioning.

The failure of these systems reduces hospitals' capacity to accommodate patients, potentially putting the lives of thousands of people at immediate risk.

Autonomous systems

Since the start of the full-scale invasion, the WHO has confirmed 2,762 attacks on Ukraine's healthcare system. The country's populated areas are suffering from ongoing attacks on civilian and social infrastructure.

With financial support from the European Union, WHO delivered six modular heating units to the Zaporizhzhia and Chernivtsi regions, home to approximately 1.7 million people, including internally displaced persons.

Modular heating systems offer a number of important advantages during wartime: they operate independently of heating networks, can be quickly installed, and can be used with a variety of fuels. They help maintain a constant indoor temperature and, most importantly, protect patients, staff, and medical equipment from the cold.

Clean water

The WHO also installed five water treatment plants in major hospitals in Kharkiv and healthcare facilities in the Kharkiv region. The systems are designed to operate independently, without the need for centralized utilities. This will provide millions of people with access to uninterrupted healthcare.

Ensuring a reliable water supply is one of the basic requirements for hospitals to function under constant attack.

Each unit provides multiple purification stages, beginning with mechanical filtration and disinfection. Additional methods can be used to achieve maximum water purity. This is especially important for surgical, maternity, and other emergency and intensive care units.

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December 11, 2025 Climate and environment

Climate change poses a serious threat to the most vital aspects of life in mountain countries. This includes global warming-related natural disasters, extreme weather conditions, water shortages, and slower economic growth. In 2025, International Mountain Day, celebrated on December 11, will focus on the theme "The Importance of Glaciers for Water, Food, and Livelihoods in Mountain Areas and Beyond."

This issue is of particular importance for the Central Asian region. In an interview with the UN News Service, Aida Kasymalieva, Permanent Representative of Kyrgyzstan to the United Nations, noted that over the past 70 years, the area of glaciers in her country alone has shrunk by 16 percent. In some regions, she said, virtually all glaciers have disappeared.

Problems of mountainous countries

"Mountains are a priceless natural treasure, occupying a quarter of the Earth's surface. River basins originate in the mountains, supplying fresh water to vast regions downstream. The lives of people living in the lower reaches also depend on the processes occurring in mountain regions and ecosystems," the ambassador explained.

Due to climate change, water resources in the Central Asian region are declining every year, which negatively impacts water, energy, and food security, as well as the overall socio-economic situation.

"As for Kyrgyzstan, our country has experienced a sharp increase in landslides in recent years. More than 300 incidents have resulted in significant damage to infrastructure, loss of life, and the displacement of thousands of residents in vulnerable regions," Kasymalieva said.

“In addition, we are seeing intense melting of glaciers and a reduction in the area of glaciation, low water levels, drought, and desertification,” she added.

It is estimated that Kyrgyzstan could lose more than half of its glaciers by 2100.

The country's authorities are trying to attract the attention of the international community to the problems of mountainous countries and give new impetus to efforts aimed at solving them.

Mountain initiatives of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan has put forward numerous initiatives in this area. In particular, it proposed celebrating International Mountain Day. From 1998 to 2019, the UN General Assembly adopted 13 resolutions dedicated to the problems of mountain countries.

Kyrgyzstan is also a member of several groups, including the Mountain Partnership Negotiating Group, which represents the interests of mountain countries under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

Kyrgyzstan's mountain initiatives were reflected in the final reports of the 28th UN Climate Change Conference. Thanks to the efforts of many mountain countries, the mountain agenda was included in the final document. Kyrgyzstan also initiated the inclusion of a new global dialogue, "Mountains and Climate," in the annual UN Climate Change Conference calendar.

One of the peaks in Kyrgyzstan's Issyk-Kul region has been given the geographical name "United Nations Peak." The country regularly hosts mountain-themed events at the UN.

Photo by the Permanent Mission of Kyrgyzstan to the UN.

Ambassador of Kyrgyzstan to the UN Aida Kasymalieva.

This year, Kyrgyzstan hosted the Global Mountain Dialogue for Sustainable Development. Representatives from over 50 countries in Europe, Asia, America, and Africa, as well as 29 international organizations, participated in the conference.

In October 2027, Kyrgyzstan will host the Second Global Mountain Summit “Bishkek 25”, 25 years after the First Summit.

Kyrgyzstan is currently actively promoting the adoption of an updated version of the resolution "Sustainable Mountain Development," approved by the General Assembly in 2022.

"The Kyrgyz Republic intends to continue the global mountain dialogue with partner countries and international organizations, as well as the preparation of the Bishkek Declaration as the final document of the Bishkek 25 summit," Kasymalieva said.

Participation in the Climate Conference in Belém

The Kyrgyz delegation actively participated in the 30th UN Climate Change Conference (COP30) in Belém, Brazil. At Kyrgyzstan's suggestion, multilateral consultations on mountains and climate change were held.

The Kyrgyz delegation actively participated in the negotiation process at COP-30, promoting the inclusion of the mining agenda in the conference's final documents.

"The targeted and systematic promotion of the mountain agenda has allowed Kyrgyzstan to maintain its role as an initiator and leader among mountain countries in recent years. We have ambitious plans for sustainable mountain development, but unfortunately, we cannot achieve this alone," said Kasymalieva.

"We are counting on comprehensive support from the international community, the UN, climate and green funds, and donor countries. But most importantly, the unity and joint efforts of the mountain countries themselves," she added.

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December 11, 2025 Peace and security

Central African countries have made progress in a number of important areas over the past six months, but the region continues to face serious challenges – from the aftermath of the war in Sudan to terrorist threats in the Lake Chad Basin. This was stated by Abdou Abarry, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the UN Regional Office for Central Africa (UNOCA), speaking at a Security Council meeting on Thursday.

"The situation in the region remains generally stable, but electoral processes continue to pose risks. The war in Sudan and insecurity in the Lake Chad Basin are leading to mass population displacement and threatening the stability of states in the region," he warned.

Abarry stressed that Central Africa "needs the constant attention of the Security Council."

Transient processes

The special representative reported that by the end of 2025, there will be no countries in the region undergoing political transition: after Chad, Gabon will complete this process.

Speaking about the elections in Cameroon on October 12, he said the vote itself had taken place in a calm atmosphere, but subsequent events had raised concerns. Abarry recalled that the Secretary-General had expressed "grave concern" about the violence and the response to it, calling on the authorities to ensure respect for legal guarantees.

Ongoing tensions

According to the rapporteur, in the Lake Chad basin, groups associated with Boko Haram continue to adapt their activities, and the consequences of violence are borne primarily by women and children.

He noted the lack of resources for the Combined Joint Task Force and called on the international community to support efforts to restore confidence and fund operations.

Sudanese crisis

The Special Representative reported that since the beginning of the conflict in Sudan, more than 1.2 million people have arrived in Chad – Sudanese refugees and returning Chadians. After the recent the fall of El FasherAnother 12,930 people crossed the border.

He noted the exceptional generosity of host communities but warned of risks: "Overcrowding in camps increases pressure on resources and services, raising the risk of malnutrition and disease outbreaks." More than seven million people need assistance, while the 2025 humanitarian plan was only 26.4 percent funded, he added.

Abarry called on the Security Council to facilitate the resolution of the conflict in Sudan, which “affects the peace and stability of Chad, the Central African Republic and the entire region.”

Progress in the Central African Republic

The Central African Republic will hold "historic" parliamentary, regional, municipal, and presidential elections on December 28. Abarry noted significant progress in the country, including improved border security.

He emphasized that partners have already allocated $9 billion for the National Development Plan for 2024–2028, which will also help improve the situation of the inhabitants of the Central African Republic.

Dispute resolution

Elections will be held in the Republic of the Congo and São Tomé and Príncipe in 2026. Abarry called for peaceful voting and noted Congo's progress in disarmament and reintegration, particularly in the department of Pool. He also welcomed justice and security sector reforms in São Tomé and Príncipe.

Abarry noted the efforts of member states of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECOCAC) to strengthen cooperation, including the recent summit dedicated to Rwanda's return to the organization and negotiations between Gabon and Equatorial Guinea on the implementation of the International Court of Justice's border ruling.

Reduction of resources

The special representative warned of the consequences financial difficulties, which the UN is facing, for UNOCA.

"The 20 percent staff reduction, as well as restrictions or even the impossibility of travel within the region due to resource constraints, seriously hamper our ability to fully implement our good offices – in a region that desperately needs them. We hope that, with your continued support, the Regional Bureau for Central Africa, established at the request of ECOCAS member states, will be able to continue to fulfill its important mission," he addressed the UN Security Council.

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December 11, 2025 UN

In recent years, the world has been confronted with deepening geopolitical rifts – between North and South, East and West. Against this backdrop, the UN Alliance of Civilizations is celebrating its twentieth anniversary by holding an international forum in Riyadh dedicated to combating intolerance, incitement to hatred, and strengthening mutual respect in a multipolar world.

The capital of Saudi Arabia will host the 11th Global Forum of the UN Alliance of Civilizations on December 14–15. The summit will bring together representatives of national governments and civil society, youth and women's leaders, and media professionals and executives.

Mission of unification

The reason this event is of global significance is clear: intolerance and xenophobia are on the rise worldwide. Cultural and religious differences are increasingly being used to justify violence and oppression. A wave of hate speech, particularly in the digital space, is fueling mistrust and undermining social cohesion. In this climate, the Alliance's mission—promoting mutual respect and understanding between cultures and religions—is more relevant than ever.

History of the Alliance

The Alliance's history dates back to the early 21st century. This organization was born in the shadow of tragedy: after the September 11 attacks in the United States and subsequent terrorist attacks in Bali, Madrid, London, and Istanbul.

Against this backdrop, Spain and Turkey proposed an initiative to overcome the rapidly deepening geopolitical rifts. The alliance was officially launched in 2005 with the support of UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan – with the goal of preventing conflicts and transforming cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity into a source of strength rather than a pretext for violence.

"Diversity of Cultures. One Humanity."

Since then, guided by the motto "Diversity of Cultures. One Humanity," the Alliance of Civilizations has become the UN's leading platform for intercultural dialogue. Its activities span education, media literacy, migration, and countering hate speech. The Alliance launches projects that challenge stereotypes, prevent extremism, and promote inclusivity—from supporting women as mediators in peace processes to using sports and art as a unifying force. Today, its alumni network comprises hundreds of experts working across the globe.

Forum program

The Riyadh Forum will host a meeting of the Alliance's Friends Group, which comprises 161 members. The Saudi capital will also host a Youth Forum, where alumni will share the changes they have initiated in their communities.

Thematic sessions will address the most pressing issues of our time: disinformation generated by artificial intelligence, the role of women in peacebuilding, migration and human dignity, and the fight against hate speech. The forum's cultural program will feature a special place in the youth video festival PLURAL, which celebrates creative voices that confront xenophobia and promote diversity.

The forum is expected to result in the adoption of the Riyadh Declaration, which will define the next stage of the Alliance's development. New partnerships and agreements for 2026 will be announced, as well as recommendations for the 2027–2031 Action Plan.

Twenty years later, the message of the UN Alliance of Civilizations remains unchanged: dialogue is the vital foundation for humanity in an increasingly fragmented world.

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December 11, 2025 Peace and security

Energy supply instability continues to pose serious risks to the safety of Ukraine's nuclear power plants amid the armed conflict, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi stated on Thursday.

According to the agency's head, early in the morning of December 6, the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) once again lost all external power—for the eleventh time since the full-scale invasion began. The two remaining operational power lines went down within 20 minutes of each other, leaving the plant without access to the grid.

"While the emergency generators performed as planned, repeated loss of off-site power increases operational stress and highlights the importance of reliable power supply," Grossi said.

One of the 330 kV lines was restored within 29 minutes, while the main 750 kV line remained without power for about nine hours. Earlier in the fall, Zaporizhzhya NPP spent a whole month without external power supply.

The situation at other nuclear power plants

The IAEA reports that large-scale attacks last Saturday disrupted the power grid in many regions of Ukraine. As a result, three operating nuclear power plants were forced to reduce reactor power.

"These outages resulted in power fluctuations, temporary outages, and forced shutdowns of power units. At a number of stations, power was reduced to maintain grid balance and prevent equipment damage," Grossi noted.

The agency's head reiterated that power grid instability remains one of the most serious challenges in terms of nuclear safety. One of the seven key safety principles, he said, is a guaranteed off-site power supply for all nuclear facilities.

Support for Ukraine

IAEA teams stationed at all Ukrainian nuclear power plants continue to monitor the situation around the clock. In early December, experts visited more than 10 substations damaged in recent attacks to assess repair needs and propose measures to support the energy infrastructure.

Agency experts were present during testing of a diesel generator at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant on December 5. During the test, a flame erupted from the exhaust pipe—as plant staff explained, due to soot ignition after the generator had been running for an extended period without external power. Following the test, the unit was returned to standby mode, and the team found no nuclear safety violations.

Grossi also reported that the IAEA, with financial support from the United Kingdom, provided four SUVs to the physical protection unit of the Central Enterprise for Radioactive Waste Management of Ukraine.

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December 10, 2025 Climate and environment

Climate change pioneers, including the Pacific Student Organization, have received the United Nations' highest environmental honor, the 2025 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Champions of the Earth Award. This year's laureates are addressing critical issues across a range of areas, from climate justice to sustainable cooling and forest protection.

“As the global impact of the climate crisis intensifies, innovation and leadership in all areas of society are increasingly important,” said UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen.

The Champions of the Earth Award, which celebrates its 20th anniversary this year, recognizes environmental leaders who offer important solutions in their fields. Since 2005, 127 leaders whose vision and courage inspire global action have received the award.

2025 Prize Laureates

Pacific Islands Students Fighting Climate Change received the Political Leadership Award. The youth NGO successfully secured a ruling from the International Court of Justice.historical decree, which enshrines the legal obligations of states to prevent damage from the climate crisis. The students' efforts are aimed at changing global legislation and expanding the capacity of vulnerable countries.

Supriya Sahoo, Secretary to the Government of Tamil Nadu, was awarded the Inspiration and Action Award in India. A pioneer in sustainable cooling and ecosystem restoration, Supriya Sahoo's initiatives have created 2.5 million green jobs, expanded forest cover, and integrated thermal resilience into infrastructure. These innovative solutions have benefited 12 million people.

© UNEP/F. Fusstetter

Architect Mariam Issoufou won the Entrepreneurial Vision award for her design for the Hikma Community Complex in Niger, which incorporates passive cooling to maintain temperatures 10 degrees Celsius lower without air conditioning. Her approach, based on local resources and cultural heritage, aims to transform building design in Africa's Sahel region.

The Imazon Institute in Brazil, winner of the Science and Innovation award, uses AI-based scientific and geospatial tools to combat deforestation. Imazon's work has strengthened forest management systems, supported thousands of lawsuits, and identified the scale of illegal logging, leading to systemic change in the Amazon.

Manfredi Caltagirone, former head of UNEP's International Methane Observatory, was posthumously awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award. He advocated for science-based action on methane. Caltagirone's efforts led to the first EU regulation on methane emissions and influenced global energy policy.

© UNEP

The work of Champions of the Earth demonstrates that effective measures to combat the climate crisis can be implemented today. Reducing methane emissions will cool the planet, improve air quality, and create new jobs. Restoring forests helps conserve water resources, reduce natural disasters, and protect biodiversity.

Sustainable cooling and green building construction create opportunities to maintain public health, preserve food and vaccines, and boost economic productivity. Climate justice ensures vulnerable communities have a voice and legal protections.

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December 10, 2025 Peace and security

The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported on Wednesday that intense fighting in frontline areas of Ukraine continues to cause widespread destruction and force local residents to flee high-risk areas.

According to the latest report by the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in the country, civilian casualties increased significantly between June and November in both frontline and urban areas – by 37 percent compared to the previous six months.

In eastern Ukraine, the Donetsk region has been hit hardest by shelling and fighting. According to local authorities, more than ten civilians have been killed and nearly 60 injured in Ukrainian-controlled areas of the region since the beginning of December. The cities of Kramatorsk and Sloviansk suffered particularly heavy damage earlier this week.

Ukrainian non-governmental organizations, with the support of UN agencies, quickly delivered emergency aid—materials to repair damaged windows and roofs—and provided psychological support to the victims.

Amid growing threats, more and more families are leaving dangerous areas of the Donetsk region, either on their own or through government-organized evacuations supported by humanitarian organizations. According to local authorities, nearly 72,000 people, including approximately 8,000 children, have left the Donetsk region since August.

Humanitarian organizations assist civilians at every stage of their journey across Ukraine – from leaving populated areas to transit centers and temporary accommodation for internally displaced persons.

Over the past two weeks, approximately 500 people have been evacuated from frontline areas of Zaporizhzhia. National NGOs have opened an inclusive temporary evacuation center to provide comprehensive support to people with disabilities and limited mobility. The project received funding from the Humanitarian Fund, managed by OCHA, and continues to support local frontline workers providing assistance to those most in need.

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December 10, 2025 Refugees and migrants

Ukrainian humanitarian workers, the founder of a school for refugees in Tajikistan, a village elder in Cameroon, the founder of a women's organization in Iraq, and a businessman from Mexico have been named laureates of the 2025 Nansen Refugee Award. The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) announced this today.

The award ceremony will take place in Geneva on December 16. The prize is awarded annually for achievements in protecting the rights of internally displaced persons and stateless persons. It is named after the Norwegian polar explorer, League of Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Fridtjof Nansen.

"We must take care of each other"

"The Nansen Refugee Award recognizes exceptional courage and humanity," said UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi. "This year's laureates remind us that even in the darkest times, compassion is essential. Their unwavering commitment to protecting and supporting displaced people is inspiring and hopeful. They embody the spirit of Nansen – the belief that every person forced to flee their home, wherever they may be, deserves dignity, safety, and hope."

At the global level, this year's laureate was Elder Martin Asia Sodea from Cameroon, a leader whose humanity and generosity have transformed the lives of tens of thousands of people. When refugees from the Central African Republic arrived in the village of Gado-Badzere, the locals did not turn their backs on them. At the initiative of Sodea and his family, the community provided land for the arrivals to live and farm, giving them the opportunity to get back on their feet. Thanks to his leadership, the small village became a symbol of solidarity—based on the belief that people in need deserve support and a place to feel safe again.

Sodea also inspired other traditional leaders to help refugees, which contributed to a change in attitudes toward them throughout the region. His message is simple but crucial: "We are all human beings, and we must take care of each other."

Regional winners

Four regional award winners were also announced.

"Proliska" is a Ukrainian organization, providing vital assistance More than 3.2 million people, often in the most dangerous and inaccessible areas of the country. After shelling and strikes, Proliska is often the first to come to the rescue, leaving no one without support.

Negara Nazari is an Afghan refugee and co-founder of the Ariana Learning Center in Tajikistan. A graduate of the DAFI scholarship program run by UNHCR with a degree in economics, she chose a path to helping others and founded a school for young Afghan refugees left without access to education.

Pablo Moreno Cadena is a Mexican businessman who has become a pioneer in refugee integration. As the head of MABE, one of the largest home appliance manufacturers, he actively employs and supports displaced people.

Taban Shoresh is a humanitarian worker, human rights activist, and founder of The Lotus Flower, an organization that supports women and girls affected by conflict and violence in Iraqi Kurdistan. Shoresh's family suffered during the genocide against the Kurds in northern Iraq, and she has dedicated herself to helping others in similar situations.

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December 10, 2025 UN

The top news of the day in the UN and around the world: UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk called for harnessing the energy of social movements for transformative reforms; one of the largest humanitarian disasters of modern times is unfolding in Afghanistan; the evacuation of civilians continues amid intense fighting in the frontline regions of Ukraine; and the UN chief has begun his visit to Saudi Arabia.

Protection of human rights

Human rights are under attack worldwide, according to Volker Türk, the UN's top human rights official. He noted that the past year "has been difficult"—against the backdrop of declining funding for human rights activities, anti-rights movements are increasingly gaining resources and increasing their influence. Despite these trends, Türk emphasized, in many countries, young people are taking to the streets and engaging in social media activism, speaking out against war, inequality, corruption, and repression. Türk called on governments to "harness the energy of social movements" as a potential for transformation, rather than suppressing them.

Security Council on Afghanistan

At a meeting of the UN Security Council, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Tom Fletcher stated that Afghanistan is facing one of the largest humanitarian disasters of modern times. Nearly 22 million Afghans will require assistance by 2026. In 2025, more than 2.6 million refugees, primarily from Iran and Pakistan, will return to the country. Most of them are women and children. Furthermore, the country was rocked by two major earthquakes this year. The UN is requesting $1.7 billion in aid for Afghanistan next year.

The UN provides assistance to Ukraine

The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reports that the evacuation of civilians continues amid intense fighting in frontline regions of Ukraine. According to the latest report from the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in the country, civilian casualties increased by 37 percent in both frontline and urban areas between June and November of this year, compared to the previous six months. With the support of UN agencies, non-governmental organizations are providing assistance to residents of the affected regions.

UN chief visits Saudi Arabia

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres Guterres began his visit to Saudi Arabia today. He praised the Kingdom's cooperation with the United Nations. In the capital, Riyadh, he met with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. They discussed a range of regional issues and the current geopolitical situation. The UN chief also plans to meet with the Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister and Energy Minister.

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