Translation. Region: Russian Federation –
Source: United Nations – United Nations –
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November 22, 2025 Climate and environment
At the 30th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (KS-30) In Belém, Brazil, after tense negotiations that were supposed to conclude the day before, countries on Saturday agreed on a broad package of measures to increase climate finance and accelerate the implementation of the Paris Agreement goals – but without clear commitments to abandon fossil fuels.
What did the delegates agree on?
Funding expansion:mobilize $1.3 trillion annually by 2035 for climate action, with developed countries taking the lead. Adaptation support: double adaptation financing by 2025 and triple by 2035. Compensation fund losses and damages: Its functioning and replenishment processes have been confirmed. New initiatives: the launch of the Global Implementation Accelerator and the Belém Mission to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, which will help countries implement their climate plans. Climate disinformation: obligation promote accurate information and counter false narratives.
The agreed decisions emphasize global solidarity and set ambitious financial targets, but the transition to clean energy was left out of the final text. The burning of fossil fuels leads to greenhouse gas emissions, which are the main contributor to global warming. This omission is a concern for many countries, including negotiators from South America and the EU, as well as civil society organizations.
The UN recently warned that record growth in greenhouse gases will lead to almost impossible to keep global warming within 1.5 degrees Celsius without temporarily exceeding the Paris Agreement target.
Two new roadmaps
At the closing session, COP30 President André Corrêa do Lago highlighted the gaps in the outcome document.
“We know that some of you would like more ambitious solutions on a number of issues,” he said. “I know that young people and civil society will demand more from us in the fight against climate change. I promise that I will try not to disappoint you during my presidency."
Du Lago announced plans to create two roadmaps: one for forest protection and restoration, and another for a just, orderly, and equitable transition away from fossil fuels, including resource mobilization for these purposes.
© RKIK/K.Worth
COP30 President André Corrêa do Lago (centre) with his team at the closing of COP30.
The Path to Consensus
The road to agreement at COP30 was far from smooth. Earlier this week, Indigenous peoples blocked access to the meeting rooms, demanding enhanced protection for the Amazon, and late Thursday evening, a fire in the main conference room disrupted the discussions in their final stages.
Negotiators worked through Friday night to overcome differences over funding and targets, with the Brazilian Presidency steering discussions toward a politically acceptable outcome focused on upholding and implementing agreements from previous COPs.
The work continues
According to the UN Secretary-General Antonio GuterresAnd the agreement demonstrates that countries can still come together to solve problems that cannot be solved alone.
The head of the UN, who is at the G20 summit in Johannesburg, noted the progress at COP30, including the launch of the Global Implementation Accelerator to support the implementation of climate ambitions and the confirmation of agreements reached at COP28 in the UAE, abandonment of fossil fuels.
"But COPs are built on consensus, and in the context of geopolitical disagreements, achieving that is becoming increasingly difficult. I can't say that COP-30 achieved everything necessary," he said. Thus, exceeding warming by 1.5 degrees Celsius— alarm signal: Large-scale and rapid action to reduce emissions and expanded climate finance are needed.
"COP30 is over, but the work continues," the UN chief stressed.
The Secretary-General pledged to continue working to strengthen ambition and solidarity.
"To everyone who participated in the marches, led negotiations, provided advice, covered the events, and mobilized people: don't give up. History is on your side—and so is the United Nations," he said.
Key achievements
Speaking at the closing of COP30, Simon Still, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), highlighted a number of key achievements: new strategies to accelerate implementation of the Paris Agreement, expanded funding for adaptation, and commitments to a just transition to clean energy.
Despite the "turbulent geopolitical waters" of polarization and climate change denial, he said, 194 countries stood united "in the fight for a habitable planet and the quest to keep warming to 1.5 degrees."
At the center of this achievement is the key outcome of COP30: the Mutirão text, a sweeping agreement that consolidates four negotiating tracks—from climate change mitigation to finance and trade barriers—into a single, consensus-based deal. Seventeen additional decisions were also adopted.
The outcome document emphasizes that the global transition to low-carbon and sustainable development is "irreversible." It also expresses support for the Paris Agreement. The text recognizes the economic and social benefits of climate action – from economic growth and job creation to progress in energy, security, and healthcare. Still noted a key trend: investments in renewable energy now outstrips fossil fuel investment by two to one. This political and market signal, he says, cannot be ignored.
Voluntary commitments
Representatives of Brazil, which holds the presidency of the conference, emphasized that the success of COP30 goes beyond the agreed documents, noting the voluntary commitments within the summit's action program.
Rainforest Foundation has raised $5.5 billion, with 53 countries participating, with at least 20 percent of the fund's resources going directly to indigenous peoples and local communities. The Health Action Plan: The First Global Initiative climate-related health threats, received $300 million from 35 organizations. The Utilities Zero Emissions Alliance (UNEZA): public energy companies committed to investing $66 billion annually in renewable energy and $82 billion in energy transportation and storage. Cities, Regions, and Companies: A coalition of 25,000 buildings reported reducing CO₂ emissions by more than 850,000 tons by 2024.
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