Translation. Region: Russian Federation –
Source: United Nations – United Nations –
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December 23, 2025 Peace and security
Despite intensified diplomatic efforts in the second half of 2025, no progress has been made on agreements regarding the Iranian nuclear program, UN Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs Rosemary DiCarlo stated during a Security Council meeting on the implementation of the Resolution 2231 (2015).
Resolution 2231 was adopted in July 2015. It endorsed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) on the Iranian nuclear program, which was adopted in 2015 as a result of lengthy negotiations involving China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Union, and Iran itself. The deal provided for restrictions on Iran's nuclear program in exchange for the lifting of previously imposed sanctions. The agreement included a "snapback mechanism" for reimposing sanctions if the parties to the agreement deemed Iran to be failing to fulfill its obligations.
Default
In August 2025, France, Germany and the United Kingdom notified the Security Council of their intention to invoke the mechanism, citing Iran's "material non-compliance" with its obligations.
BecauseThe UN Security Council did not adopt The resolution extending the sanctions waivers for the set deadline automatically reinstated the previously effective measures after September 27, 2025. However, several member states challenged the legality of this move. Russia, China, and Iran also claimed that Resolution 2231 expired on October 18, 2025. The EU3 countries—France, Germany, and the United Kingdom—rejected this position.
Referring to the latest report of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) dated November 12, 2025, DiCarlo recalled that Iran ceased to comply with its obligations under the JCPOA on February 23, 2021. At the same time, the agency continued checking certain aspects of the program within the framework of the safeguards agreement under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).
The IAEA confirmed that Iran exceeded the JCPOA limits during this period and also reported that, as of October 18, 2025, it had no information on the status of its enriched uranium stockpiles. The agency concluded that an "agreed framework supported by interested countries" is necessary to ensure the exclusively peaceful nature of Iran's nuclear program and noted the IAEA Director General's readiness to engage with Iran "as soon as possible."
Diplomatic impasse
A crisis in diplomatic efforts followed escalation between Israel and Iran in June 2025 and US strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities.
Despite the deep disagreements between the parties, Rosemary DiCarlo emphasized that all participants continue to affirm the importance of a diplomatic solution. According to her, "a negotiated settlement that ensures the exclusively peaceful nature of the Iranian nuclear program and eases sanctions pressure remains the best option for the international community." The UN Secretariat, she added, remains fully at the disposal of the parties to facilitate this process.
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