Category: United Nations

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September 29, 2025 Peace and security

The UN Deputy Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process, Ramiz Alakbarov, presented to the Security Council the Secretary-General's report on the implementation of Resolution 2334 (2016), concerning Israel's settlement activities in the occupied territories. The document covers the period from June 18 to September 19, 2025, and documents the further escalation of the situation in the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem.

Resolution 2334 demands that Israel immediately cease settlement construction in the occupied Palestinian territories. However, according to Alakbarov, "settlement activity has nevertheless accelerated." During the reporting period, approximately 20,810 residential units were built or approved for construction.

Alakbarov particularly noted the progress of settlement plans in the E1 area (a 12-square-meter area between Jerusalem and Maale Adumim), which, according to him, if implemented, “will effectively sever the connection between the northern and southern parts of the West Bank, further undermining the integrity of a future Palestinian state.”

House demolitions and evictions

Israeli authorities have accelerated the demolition of Palestinian homes, citing a lack of building permits, which are virtually impossible to obtain. Over the course of three months, 455 properties were demolished or confiscated, displacing 420 people, including 175 children.

"I call on the Israeli government to stop the demolition of Palestinian structures in accordance with its international obligations," Alakbarov said.

Escalation of violence

The report recorded an increase in civilian casualties. In Gaza, according to the Ministry of Health, at least 7,579 people were killed and more than 37,000 wounded during the reporting period, the majority of whom were women and children.

Israel reported the deaths of 37 soldiers. According to Israeli authorities, Hamas continues to hold 48 hostages. There are grounds to believe that 25 of them are dead.

"I am appalled by the escalation of Israeli military operations throughout the Gaza Strip, which is leading to an unprecedented number of casualties and destruction," Alakbarov said. He condemned the killing of civilians and emphasized that "collective punishment of the Palestinian people" cannot be justified and must stop immediately.

According to the rapporteur, there has also been an alarming increase in violence in the West Bank. During the reporting period, 46 Palestinians were killed, including 12 children, and nearly 900 were injured. According to Israeli data, seven Israelis were killed and another 62 were injured in Palestinian attacks.

Humanitarian disaster

The UN has confirmed a famine in Gaza – the first in the history of the Middle East. More than half a million people are on the brink of starvation.

"The famine in Gaza is a man-made disaster," Alakbarov said, calling on Israel to ensure the unimpeded delivery of humanitarian aid.

The report noted the Palestinian Authority's steps towards internal reforms, including preparations for elections to the National Council and the drafting of an interim constitution.

Alakbarov called for an immediate ceasefire and a return to political dialogue.

"The UN stands ready to support all efforts to advance a just, comprehensive, and lasting peace," he said. "The ongoing catastrophe and suffering of the past two years underscore the absolute need to take urgent steps that will end the illegal occupation and allow Israelis and Palestinians to return to a path to resolving the conflict in accordance with international law and UN resolutions."

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September 29, 2025 Peace and security

Four people, including a teenage girl, have reportedly been killed in massive Russian airstrikes last night that continued into the early hours of Monday morning.

According to Ukrainian authorities, the attack lasted about 12 hours and involved the launch of nearly 600 drones, 46 cruise missiles, and five rockets.

"People have lost their lives again… residential buildings have been damaged, and children are among the victims," the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) stated. Kyiv and Zaporizhzhia were hit, destroying and damaging residential buildings and public infrastructure.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that a cardiology center in Kyiv was hit, killing two people.

Risks for nuclear power plants

Meanwhile, emergency generators at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) continue to operate, providing power to the six shut-down reactors and performing critical nuclear safety functions. The dangerous situation arose as a result of the plant's complete loss of external power last week.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said the plant had enough fuel to run generators for at least 10 days and said agency representatives were in contact with both sides to restore off-site power as quickly as possible.

The IAEA also warned of a nuclear safety threat after a drone was shot down and exploded approximately 800 meters from the South Ukraine Nuclear Power Plant last week. According to the agency's on-site team, 22 drones were detected near the facility overnight between Wednesday and Thursday, some of which flew as close as 500 meters. One of the downed drones left a crater measuring four by four meters and approximately one meter deep. No casualties were reported.

Winter threats

Russian attacks continue to cripple Ukraine's energy infrastructure, leaving thousands without power as winter approaches.

In the first half of 2025, the UN and its partners provided various types of assistance to 2.4 million people across the country, with a particular focus on frontline regions. However, the total number of people in need is more than double this number.

In addition to significant difficulties accessing territories under Russian occupation, humanitarian efforts remain limited amid a sharp increase in attacks in recent months. These attacks are leading to further displacement and increased needs.

Introduced in July Winter Response Plan for 2025–2026 The program provides $280 million in funding. Donors have provided approximately 40 percent of that amount.

In line with updated aid priorities for Ukraine – in the context of reduced global humanitarian funding – work is focused on four areas:

assistance to residents of frontline areas, facilitation of evacuation, provision of emergency aid after strikes, support for internally displaced persons.

At the same time, OCHA emphasized that humanitarian aid continues to be provided outside of priority areas, including efforts in the western and central regions of Ukraine.

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September 29, 2025 UN

UN Secretary-General's High Representative for the Alliance of Civilizations, Miguel Angel Moratinos, condemned the attack on a church in Grand Blanc, Michigan, on Sunday, which left several people dead and wounded. Moratinos stated that such acts of violence cannot be justified under any circumstances.

A gunman crashed a truck into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints building. He then opened fire on peaceful parishioners and set the church on fire. According to the latest reports, at least four people were killed and several others were injured.

The High Representative emphasized that houses of worship are sacred places where people come to find peace. Such acts of violence, he emphasized, undermine the foundations of society.

The High Representative called for unity in the fight against hatred, violence and extremism in all their forms and reaffirmed the commitment of the UN Alliance of Civilizations to strengthening mutual respect, interfaith harmony and social cohesion.

Moratinos also emphasized the need to protect all religious sites and communities, regardless of faith or denomination. He expressed his deepest condolences to the families of the victims and wished a speedy recovery to the wounded.

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September 27, 2025 UN

Speaking at the 80th anniversary session of the UN General Assembly, Belarusian Foreign Minister Maxim Ryzhenkov called on the international community to reconsider its approaches to global security and reform the Organization so that it "keeps pace with the times."

The head of the Belarusian Foreign Ministry commemorated the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II and his country's contribution to the victory over Nazism. He noted that the Belarusian people, who suffered cruelly under Nazism, sacredly cherish the memory of the horrors of that war. He criticized the tendency to "erase history" and demolish monuments to liberators in several European countries, emphasizing that preserving historical memory is essential to prevent a repetition of the tragedy.

Ryzhenkov also noted the anniversary of the United Nations itself, founded by the victors of World War II, including Belarus, which lost one in three inhabitants during the war. He stated that despite its continued legitimacy and universality, the UN has become "heavily instrumentalized" in recent decades and is increasingly used to advance the interests of individual states.

"If the Organization can renew itself with the times and serve as an impartial forum, it will be in demand by all: the strong and the weak, the developed and the developing. Otherwise, it will suffer the same fate as the League of Nations," he warned.

The Belarusian minister emphasized the need for reform of the Security Council, including expanding the number of its permanent members to include developing countries: "Today, they are important political and economic actors and rightly expect their voice to be taken into account."

Ryzhenkov placed particular emphasis on security in Europe, calling for a return to the principles enshrined in the 1975 Helsinki Final Act. He stated that NATO's eastward expansion had undermined the balance of power on the continent and had become a cause of conflicts, including the current war in Ukraine.

"The path to ending the bloodshed in Ukraine lies in all parties in Europe returning to an understanding of the importance of upholding the principle of the indivisibility of security," the Belarusian Foreign Minister emphasized.

Ryzhenkov accused EU countries of "militarizing the region" and erecting "new walls" on the eastern border, which, he claimed, had already claimed the lives of hundreds of migrants. As an alternative, he proposed a concept of Eurasian cooperation and security, citing the Belarusian president's initiative to develop a Eurasian Charter of Multipolarity and Diversity in the 21st Century.

The minister also noted the 25th anniversary of the UN Millennium Summit, recalling that the expectations of global prosperity at the beginning of the new century have not been met due to numerous conflicts, rising poverty, and migration crises.

In closing, Ryzhenkov quoted the Italian philosopher Antonio Gramsci: "The old world is dying, and the new one is struggling to be born," emphasizing that the emerging new world order is being built through the efforts of the Global South and "like-minded people striving for a just multipolarity."

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September 27, 2025 Peace and security

UN Secretary-General António Guterres condemned the ongoing military escalation between Israel and the Houthi movement in Yemen.

A statement issued by the UN chief's press office on Saturday stated that on September 24, the Houthis attacked the Israeli city of Eilat using a drone. Twenty people were reportedly injured. The following day, Israel launched airstrikes on Sana'a, which, according to preliminary reports, killed at least nine people, including children, and injured more than 150 others.

The UN chief reminded all parties of their obligations to ensure the protection of civilians in accordance with international law.

The Secretary-General expressed deep concern about the risk of further escalation of the conflict in the region and reiterated his call on all parties to exercise maximum restraint.

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September 27, 2025 UN

Speaking at the 80th session of the UN General Assembly, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated that the principles of the UN Charter remain relevant in the era of multipolarity, but that "widespread violations of the sovereign equality of states undermine the very faith in justice and lead to crises and conflicts."

Lavrov emphasized that the UN was created in response to the tragedies of World War II and must remain a "beacon of international cooperation." He stated that the problem lies not in the Charter's provisions themselves, but in the lack of compliance: "The key is for all member states, without exception, to adhere to these principles in their entirety and interrelationship."

Condemnation of the use of force and sanctions

The Russian Foreign Minister stated that the West had repeatedly flouted the principle of non-use of force. In this context, he criticized NATO military operations in Yugoslavia, the US-led coalition's invasion of Iraq, the regime change in Libya, and Israel's actions against the Palestinians. He noted that Russia condemned the Hamas attacks of October 7, 2023, but emphasized that "there is no justification for the collective punishment of Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, where children are dying from bombing and starvation, and hospitals and schools are being destroyed."

Lavrov condemned the strikes on targets in Iran and Qatar and criticized the Security Council's recent refusal to extend the nuclear deal with Tehran. He said this "exposed the West's policy of sabotaging the search for constructive solutions and seeking unilateral concessions through blackmail and pressure."

He reiterated his opposition to illegal unilateral sanctions, stating that they have become the main tool of Western diplomacy and are used to "suppress competitors in the global economy and politics." Russia, he emphasized, seeks the unconditional lifting of the long-standing trade embargo against Cuba and expresses solidarity with Venezuela.

Ukraine and Security in Europe

A significant portion of his speech was devoted to the situation in Ukraine. Lavrov called the events of 2014 "an unconstitutional coup orchestrated by the West" and accused Kyiv of oppressing the Russian language and the canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church.

He emphasized that Russia "has been and remains open to negotiations from the very beginning," but demands reliable guarantees for its own security and respect for the rights of the Russian-speaking population in territories "remaining under the control of the Kyiv regime."

The Foreign Minister warned that any aggression against Russia would be "responded decisively" and accused NATO of violating its previous promises not to expand eastward.

UN reform and support for the Global South

Lavrov stated that the current balance of power in the world is not reflected in the UN structure, calling for the democratization of the Security Council by expanding the representation of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Russia, he noted, supports Brazil and India's bids for permanent membership and considers it necessary to "correct the historical injustice against Africa."

Speaking about new centers of influence, the minister highlighted the role of a number of organizations, including the SCO, BRICS, and the African Union.

Lavrov emphasized that reforms at the UN must be carried out transparently and with due regard for the opinions of all member states: “We must not allow attempts at a ‘palace coup’ in the Secretariat and its privatization by a small group of countries.”

Call for Dialogue with the United States and Strategic Stability

Touching on relations with Washington, the minister expressed hope for continued Russian-American dialogue following the recent summit in Alaska. He recalled President Vladimir Putin's proposal on September 22 to maintain the central quantitative limits of the New START Treaty for a year after its expiration in 2026, provided the United States follows suit.

According to Lavrov, this will help avoid a strategic arms race and create a more predictable atmosphere in the nuclear missile sphere.

Multipolarity and the Lessons of the Past

In conclusion, the minister warned of growing militarization and rhetoric about a possible world war in Europe and emphasized that Russia “is not advocating for a revolution against anyone,” but is merely calling on member states to follow the principles of the UN Charter without double standards.

According to him, only by respecting the sovereign equality of states “will the legacy of the founding fathers of the UN not be wasted.”

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September 27, 2025 UN

Speaking at the general debate of the 80th session of the UN General Assembly, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan announced progress in the peace process with Azerbaijan and emphasized the crucial role of the United States in mediating the peace. "Today, I am pleased to inform the international community that peace has been established between the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan," the Armenian leader declared.

Washington Agreements

Pashinyan said that in March, the two sides agreed on a draft agreement on peace and interstate relations, recognizing each other's borders in accordance with the 1991 Alma-Ata Declaration. On August 8, at the White House in Washington, the foreign ministers of the two countries initialed the document in the presence of the leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan, as well as US President Donald Trump.

The meeting culminated in the so-called Washington Declaration, in which the parties recognized "the need to pave the way for a bright future unrelated to the conflicts of the past, […] based on the inviolability of international borders and the inadmissibility of the use of force to acquire territory," Pashinyan noted.

"This reality, which must not and cannot be revised, opens the way to closing the chapter of hostility between our peoples. We resolutely reject and rule out any attempts at revenge – now and in the future," the rapporteur said, according to the document.

Nobel Prize for Donald Trump

The Armenian prime minister particularly emphasized the role of the American leader. "The role of US President Donald Trump was decisive in this process, whose commitment, consistency, and integrity made possible what seemed impossible," Pashinyan said. He stated that he and Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev had decided to nominate Trump for the Nobel Peace Prize because "we have seen from our own experience that President Trump is truly committed to the idea of peace."

The new road and its name

According to Pashinyan, the agreements envisage the creation of the TRIPP (Trump Pathway for International Peace and Prosperity) transport and logistics route, which will connect East and West, as well as North and South, through Armenia. The project includes a railway, a highway, pipelines, and power lines.

The Prime Minister emphasized that the agreements provide for the opening of communications between Armenia and Azerbaijan while respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the parties, as well as benefits for Armenian transportation. He called for the use of "peaceful, legitimate, and coordinated rhetoric" regarding the project and criticized the Azerbaijani president's reference to the term "Zangezur Corridor," which, he said, "is not reflected in the signed documents and, in Armenian perception, is associated with territorial claims."

Opening borders and diplomatic steps

Pashinyan spoke of a "positive dialogue" with Turkey and regular meetings with President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, expressing confidence that this will lead to the establishment of diplomatic relations and the full opening of the Armenian-Turkish border in the foreseeable future.

He noted the expansion of Armenia's diplomatic contacts, including the establishment of relations with Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, as well as the strengthening of traditional ties with Iran and Georgia.

Pashinyan emphasized the importance of the "3×3" regional format, which brings together Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia on one side and Russia, Turkey, and Iran on the other. He stated that this platform provides the countries with the opportunity to engage in direct dialogue on security, economic, and development issues. He also highlighted traditional ties with Russia. He stated that these steps are "important for viewing the South Caucasus as a peaceful, stable, and developing region."

European course and reform plans

The Prime Minister recalled that in March, the Armenian parliament passed a law to begin the process of joining the European Union, calling it a manifestation of "commitment to democratic values." He emphasized that the desire to comply with EU standards is "the country's democratic choice."

Pashinyan also announced his intention to submit a new draft constitution to a national referendum after the 2026 parliamentary elections, in order, as he put it, to "make Armenian statehood durable and people-oriented."

Future summits

The head of government invited world leaders to the 8th European Political Community Summit, which will be held in Armenia in May 2026, as well as to the 17th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, scheduled for October of the same year in Yerevan.

Dialogue and diplomacy

Concluding his speech, Pashinyan expressed hope that by the next session of the General Assembly he would be able to report on the signing of a final peace agreement with Azerbaijan, the opening of the border with Turkey, and the implementation of the main part of the TRIPP project. "Long live dialogue, long live diplomacy, long live peace," he concluded.

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September 26, 2025 International law

On Friday, the UN Security Council failed to adopt a resolution proposed by Russia and China that would have delayed the restoration of sanctions against Iran for six months.

The resolution was supported by four delegations (Algeria, China, Pakistan and Russia), nine (Great Britain, Denmark, France, Greece, Panama, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Somalia) voted against and two countries (Guyana and the Republic of Korea) abstained.

A document extending the resolution on the so-called Iran nuclear deal was put to a vote. As a reminder, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on the Iranian nuclear program was adopted in 2015 following lengthy negotiations involving China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, the EU, and Iran itself. The Security Council then unanimously adopted Resolution 2231, endorsing the JCPOA.

The deal provided for restrictions on Iran's nuclear program in exchange for the lifting of previously imposed sanctions. The agreement included a so-called "rapid response mechanism" for sanctions should the parties deem Iran to be failing to comply with its obligations.

The draft resolution, introduced by China and Russia, was introduced in response to the decision of three European countries—France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, all parties to the JCPOA—to invoke the snapback mechanism to reinstate sanctions against Iran. Since the attempt failed, the sanctions are scheduled to be reinstated on September 28.

Speaking before the vote, Dmitry Polyansky, Russia's Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN, accused "European colleagues and the United States" of "escalating tensions" and deception. He claimed Iran had fulfilled all the conditions set by the UK, France, and Germany, demonstrating itself as "a responsible player committed to a constructive resolution of this situation." However, European countries refused to postpone sanctions, and the United States refused to hold talks with Iran during UN High-Level Week.

British Ambassador Barbara Woodward, who voted against the resolution proposed by Russia and China, stated that Iran fails to respect the global nuclear non-proliferation regime, as outlined in more than 60 IAEA reports prepared over the past six years. "This is a threat to international peace and security," the diplomat emphasized.

She noted that UN sanctions against Iran will come into effect again this coming weekend and all member states, according to the Charter, are obliged to comply with them.

Woodward added that the UK is ready to continue searching for a diplomatic solution that would allow sanctions to be lifted in the future.

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September 26, 2025 Healthcare

World leaders expressed strong support for the first UN global political declaration aimed at ensuring a comprehensive response to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and promoting mental health. The document, agreed upon during a five-month intergovernmental process, will be submitted for consideration and final approval at the 80th session of the General Assembly in October 2025.

Heads of state and government and health ministers met yesterday at the Fourth High-level Meeting on Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health.

Target benchmarks

Mental disorders affect over a billion people. NCDs, including cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, cancer, and diabetes, remain the leading cause of death worldwide. In 2021, they claimed at least 43 million lives, including 18 million people under the age of 70. More than 80 percent of premature deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.

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At the same time, the incidence of diseases is increasing in all countries and affects all communities, making non-communicable diseases one of the most pressing problems of public health and sustainable economic development due to the increase in disability, the cost of health services, and the decline in labor productivity.

The Political Declaration sets global targets for 2030, including:

Reducing the number of tobacco users by 150 million; controlling hypertension for an additional 150 million people; expanding access to mental health services for an additional 150 million people.

New threats

The declaration takes into account the lessons of the pandemic. Covid-19 and addresses new global challenges by expanding the scope of NCDs. It now includes dental issues, lung health, childhood cancers, liver and kidney diseases, and rare diseases. Risk factors now include exposure to air pollution, the use of unsafe cooking fuels, exposure to lead and hazardous chemicals, and new threats posed by the digital environment—from excessive screen time and harmful content to misinformation and misinformation.

The document provides for increased regulation of e-cigarettes and new tobacco products, restrictions on the marketing of unhealthy foods to children, the introduction of front-of-package labeling on food products, and the elimination of trans fats.

The declaration places particular emphasis on the needs of people with NCDs and mental health conditions, as well as communities vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, small island developing States, and people living in humanitarian crises.

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September 26, 2025 Peace and security

There are currently enough nuclear weapons on the planet to destroy humanity many times over. This was stated by 81-year-old Satoshi Tanaka, a member of the Executive Council of the Japan Confederation of Atomic Bomb and Hydrogen Bomb Victims' Organizations, at UN Headquarters. Satoshi is a hibakusha, the Japanese word for victims of the nuclear bombings of Hirashima and Nagasaki.

He recalled that in the 80 years since the tragedy, humanity has only increased its nuclear potential. The number of countries possessing nuclear weapons has almost reached double digits.

"The nuclear arms race continues. Humanity stands on the brink of extinction," Satoshi said.

"Young people often worry that we hibakusha might not be around in ten years. I always respond, 'Before you worry about how long we have left, consider how short your own life might be,'" he added.

Satoshi spoke at an event held on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly to commemorate the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, which is celebrated on September 26.

UN Secretary-General António Guterres, in a statement delivered on his behalf by his Chief of Staff, Earl Courtenay Rattray, said that every day since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the hibakusha have turned their suffering into a cry for peace.

“And yet, every day we see new and increasingly dangerous weapons,” the UN chief stressed.

In July of this year, the Secretary-General announced the establishment of an independent scientific panel of experts tasked with studying the physical effects and social consequences of nuclear war at the local, regional and global levels.

The UN was created not only for multilateral cooperation, but also as a "defense against our most destructive instincts," said UN General Assembly President Annalena Baerbock.

Every day we see new and increasingly dangerous weapons.

Theoretically, the world recognizes that a nuclear war cannot be started and cannot be won, the diplomat noted.

“However, this has not stopped countries from building ever larger arsenals, and some have even found themselves on the brink of using them on multiple occasions,” Baerbock noted.

She recalled that during the Cold War, false alarms or misinterpreted signals nearly led to disasters, the most famous of which was the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Today, the situation is more complex, and the risk of miscalculation is much higher, Baerbock emphasized. "What if terrorists acquire these weapons? What if artificial intelligence accelerates decision-making, leaving no room for human oversight?"

“Security is not based on ever-growing arsenals, but on disarmament, non-proliferation and – one day – the abolition of nuclear weapons,” the General Assembly President said.

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