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November 26, 2025 Economic development

Central Asia is experiencing profound demographic changes that will shape the region's economic and social future in the coming decades. According to the regional report "Generation 2050 in Central Asia," prepared with the support of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), more than half the population of five countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan—is now under 30 years old.

This creates a unique opportunity to reap a "demographic dividend": an increase in the share of the working-age population could lead to accelerated economic growth. However, this opportunity can only be realized through significant investment in human capital.

A young region in a rapidly aging world

Against the backdrop of global population aging, Central Asia remains one of the youngest regions in Eurasia. In Tajikistan, the median age is only 22, in Kyrgyzstan it is 25, and in Uzbekistan it is 27. Even by 2050, these figures will remain relatively low, increasing the window of opportunity for economic growth.

The region's population continues to grow: from 56 million in 2000, it has increased to over 84 million by 2025 and will reach nearly 112 million by mid-century. Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are experiencing particularly rapid population growth: the former will add almost 5 million people by 2050, while the latter will add over 15 million. The number of women of reproductive age is also increasing, maintaining stable birth rates despite their gradual decline.

Investments in human capital

The report calls for investment in education, healthcare, and skills development for the younger generation. This is particularly important in Central Asia, as countries in the region still struggle with human capital.

According to the World Bank, children born in the region today will only realize 50-60 percent of their productive potential due to limited access to quality education, health care, and social protection.

If investment in children and youth remains at the current level, the region risks facing rising unemployment, increasing inequality, and a loss of economic potential, the report's authors warn.

A critical period

Today, there are approximately 60 dependents for every 100 working-age people in Central Asia—a historically low figure that will begin to rise after 2040 due to population aging. This means that the next 10–15 years are critical: without modernizing the education, healthcare, and social protection systems now, economic growth will be limited for decades to come.

Migration poses particular challenges. Millions of residents of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan work abroad, and their children grow up separated from their parents, which impacts their emotional well-being, academic performance, and social adaptation. In the coming years, many migrants will return home at retirement age, increasing the burden on social services.

Urban Future: Opportunity or Risk?

By mid-century, 60.5 percent of the region's population will live in cities. However, infrastructure development—water supply, sanitation, transportation, and healthcare—has not yet kept pace with urban growth. This is particularly acute in the rapidly growing districts of Tashkent, Dushanbe, and Bishkek.

The climate factor is also exacerbating the situation: droughts, melting glaciers, and water shortages are already leading to population displacement and increased pressure on urban areas. Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan are also increasingly experiencing heatwaves, which threaten health and the economy.

Investing for the Future

Experts emphasize that two-thirds of future economic growth will come from investments in human capital. This means:

access to quality education from an early age; provision of children and adolescents with modern medicine and healthy nutrition; social protection systems that support families; employment and training programs for youth, including girls and young women; expanding access to water, sanitation, and a safe urban environment.

If these measures are implemented, Central Asia will be able to capitalize on its greatest asset: a young, energetic, and numerous generation that will shape the region in 2050.

Read also:

INTERVIEW | Bishkek: The City Is Growing, Greening, and Getting Smarter

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November 26, 2025 Humanitarian aid

Somalia is experiencing a rapidly worsening drought: for the fourth consecutive rainy season, rainfall has been extremely poor, reservoirs have run dry, vast swathes of the country are without water, and millions of people are at risk of starvation and displacement, UN humanitarian agencies warned on Wednesday.

On November 10, the Federal Government of Somalia officially declared a state of emergency and appealed to the international community for assistance. The situation continues to deteriorate in the northern, central, and southern regions of the country, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

One of the hardest-hit regions was Puntland in eastern Somalia, where local authorities estimate nearly a million people are in need of assistance, 130,000 of whom require emergency aid.

Acute shortage of resources

UN staff visiting the Bari and Nugaal regions in early November documented severe water and food shortages. Local residents fear the situation could escalate into a catastrophe in the coming months.

"There has been no rain since last year; this is the worst drought in many years," said Abdikani Osman Omar, head of the village council of Shahda in the Bari region.

"Hundreds of displaced families arrived here three months ago, and the flow continues. They are mostly women and children; the men have gone to neighboring Ethiopia in search of pasture and water," he added.

According to Omar, the village lacks the resources to support the displaced people, as even local residents lack water and food.

In many parts of Puntland, water bodies have dried up, vegetation has died, and many settlements have been abandoned.

In the city of Dahan, where brief rains in early spring gave residents reason to hope for the best, people are now forced to buy expensive imported water after the local well turned out to be contaminated.

Serious funding shortfall

Lack of funding worsens the crisis.

"We used to receive food aid, food for the children, and medicine for our medical center. Now this aid has practically ceased," said the head of the Jama community, Abshir Hersi. According to him, about 150 families have resettled in the city.

As of November 23, the 2025 Humanitarian Response Plan for Somalia was only 23.7 percent funded. This has forced organizations to drastically reduce aid. The number of people receiving food parcels has fallen from 1.1 million in August to just 350,000 this month.

In Puntland alone, 89 food points and 198 health centres are facing severe resource shortages.

Millions of people are starving

The drought is unfolding amid an already dire humanitarian situation. Some 4.4 million people are projected to face acute food insecurity by December, and 1.85 million children under five are estimated to suffer from acute malnutrition by mid-2026.

Weather forecasts don't promise any immediate relief. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) warns that dry and hot conditions will persist in most parts of Somalia, particularly in the central and northern regions.

"High temperatures and lack of rain are likely to exacerbate water shortages and hinder pasture recovery in most areas," FAO said.

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November 26, 2025 Economic development

Young people make a vital contribution to the development of the industrial complex and the introduction of new technologies. Furthermore, young people are generally concerned about issues such as climate change and are eager to serve society. The role of young people was highlighted at the Global Industrial Summit in Riyadh, with an entire day dedicated to the generation of the future.

Young people are ready to take risks

Today, 90 percent of startups fail, and one could understand young people deciding that starting their own company – especially in such turbulent times for the global economy – is too risky.

"But there's a 10 percent chance you can make a difference in people's lives," counters student Daniel Wu, who boldly chose to take the risk.

"If no one takes advantage of that 10 percent, then no one will succeed in the future," he adds.

Wu's project, a digital platform for training rural youth in AI and software skills, has reached the finals of the Youth Innovation Competition run by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).

As a finalist, Wu was invited to the UNIDO Global Industrial Summit in Riyadh, where he participated in a session of the Youth Parliament. This is a global discussion platform created by UNIDO jointly with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources of Saudi Arabia.

Dialogue with political and industry leaders

The energy and enthusiasm of the young entrepreneurs who attended the summit was palpable: they were eager to maximize networking opportunities and made sure to meet as many mentors, policymakers, and potential investors as possible.

The official youth program included a series of interactive dialogues, presentations of innovative technologies, and mentoring sessions. Young delegates presented cutting-edge solutions in renewable energy, circular economy practices, and digital manufacturing.

The forum's events opened up new opportunities for direct communication between young people and political and industry leaders.

"We know how our generation thinks"

Beyond the alarming statistics and high failure rates among startups, a lack of experience can also be a barrier for young people. But this doesn't stop Wu, who is convinced that young people's initiatives deserve investment because they offer a unique perspective on the world.

"We grew up with computers, with the internet, and we understand how people interact with different types of content. We have a good understanding of how our generation—the next big market segment—thinks, and that's why we have an advantage over the older generation," says Wu.

By dedicating an entire day to youth, the organizers of the Global Manufacturing Summit sent a clear message to the world: the industry of the future is shaped not only by established leaders, but also by the creativity and determination of the next generation.

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November 26, 2025 Peace and security

Since the beginning of the year, more than 340 educational institutions in Ukraine have been damaged or completely destroyed as a result of the ongoing full-scale war. This disrupts the educational process and deprives children of their right to an education, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) reported today.

This brings the total number of schools damaged or destroyed since the war escalated in February 2022 to 2,800. Since these are only UN-confirmed incidents, the actual figure is likely higher.

"Schools must remain protected spaces where children can learn safely, even during war. In times of crisis, education provides children with support and a sense of normalcy," noted UNICEF Country Representative Munir Mammadzadeh.

"Schools are more than just places for learning: they provide children with comprehensive development through interaction with classmates and teachers, and also provide access to other social services," he added.

Threats to children

This school year – the fourth under conditions of a full-scale war – 4.6 million young residents of Ukraine continue face dangers and obstacles during the educational process. Attacks damage and destroy schools, threatening the lives of children. Air raid sirens interrupt classes. Many schools, especially in frontline areas, are closed due to fighting or a lack of adequate shelters, forcing nearly a million children to study online.

For those studying in a blended format or entirely remotely, the lack of face-to-face interaction with teachers and peers complicates the educational process and exacerbates the negative effects of war on psychological health and development.

"Despite all the challenges, Ukrainian children are determined to continue their education – in schools or online, in classrooms or in shelters. They believe in a future where their dreams will come true," Mammadzade said.

Investing in the future

As part of the response, implemented by UNICEF in collaboration with the government and local partners, more than half a million children have gained access to inclusive formal and non-formal education, including safe in-person learning—the most effective learning format. Catch-up classes have also been organized for those who were forced to miss some classes.

Read also:

Numbers and faces: how war changed the lives of Ukrainian schoolchildren

This year marks the 10th anniversary of the Safe Schools Declaration, UNICEF recalls. At that time, the global community pledged to protect children's right to education during wartime, ensure the continuity of education, and prevent the use of schools for military purposes.

At a two-day International Conference on the Declaration, which concludes today in Nairobi, UNICEF is joining government representatives, children, youth activists and other partners to discuss how best to support education in conflict-affected settings and how to strengthen this global commitment.

Education during wartime is not a privilege – it is a necessity, the UN agency emphasizes. UNICEF calls on international partners to continue supporting Ukraine's education system. The fund is convinced that this is a vital investment in children and the country's future.

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November 25, 2025 Humanitarian aid

UN humanitarian agencies and their partners continue to provide assistance to people displaced from El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur state, but their needs far outstrip available resources.

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) reports that more than 106,000 people have fled El Fasher and surrounding villages since the town was captured by the Rapid Intervention Forces a month ago.

UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Tom Fletcher, who recently visited Tawila, emphasized the need to ensure unimpeded access for humanitarian organizations to civilians wherever they are. Tawila is a town 60 kilometers from El Fasher, where many displaced people arrive.

"Our humanitarian partners in the city report facing significant challenges in their work, including funding shortages and insecurity on key access routes," UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric said at a briefing in New York.

“Our humanitarian colleagues report that medical facilities are overwhelmed and mobile clinics are struggling to cope with the growing number of patients with injuries, acute malnutrition and respiratory infections,” he added.

Dujarric also reported ongoing violence in other parts of Darfur. Doctors Without Borders announced today that for the second time this year, it had been forced to scale back its support operations at a hospital in Zalingei, Central Darfur, to ensure the safety of its staff.

A week ago, a Sudanese Ministry of Health employee was shot dead outside a hospital, and four other employees were wounded.

Military action continues to threaten civilians in the Kordofan region and force families to flee their homes. The IOM reports that more than 600 people fled two villages in South Kordofan state on Saturday.

“We reiterate our call for the protection of civilians across Sudan and for safe and unimpeded access for the delivery of vital aid, and we call on donors to increase funding to meet the growing needs in Darfur, Kordofan and other parts of Sudan,” Dujarric said.

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November 25, 2025 UN

On Tuesday, the President of the UN General Assembly and the President of the Security Council, the two main organs of the United Nations, officially launched the selection process for candidates for the post of Secretary-General, sending the corresponding information to the member countries letterLet us recall that the current UN chief's term of office expires at the end of 2026.

The letter's authors invite Member States to nominate their candidates for the post of Secretary-General. They note that the person occupying this important position must meet the highest standards of efficiency and competence, as well as demonstrate commitment to the principles of the UN Charter.

The candidate must possess leadership qualities and professional skills in the field of diplomacy, communications, knowledge of several languages and have extensive experience in the field of international relations.

The authors of the message also note with regret that the post of UN Secretary-General has never been held by a woman and call on member states to seriously consider nominating a woman as a candidate. "We also draw attention to the importance of the regional aspect in the selection of the Secretary-General," the letter states.

A candidate may be nominated by a country or group of countries, but each state has the right to nominate one person.

Candidates, in accordance with the procedure approved by the General Assembly, are required to submit a concept statement upon nomination, which will be published on a dedicated United Nations webpage, as well as disclose their sources of funding. The President of the General Assembly will conduct an interactive webcast dialogue with each candidate.

The Secretary-General, in accordance with the UN Charter, appoints The UN General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Security Council.

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November 25, 2025 Human rights

The UN is calling on Nigerian authorities to investigate a wave of kidnappings in the country, where attacks by insurgent groups are on the rise. According to the UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR), at least 402 people, mostly schoolchildren, have been abducted since November 17 in four states in the central and northern regions of the country – Niger, Kebbi, Kwara, and Borno. Only 88 have reportedly been released or managed to escape.

A Call for Justice

"We are appalled by the recent spate of mass kidnappings in central and northern Nigeria," OHCHR Representative Tamin Al-Khitan said in Geneva. "We call on Nigerian authorities at all levels to take legal action to ensure such heinous attacks are stopped and those responsible are brought to justice."

The OHCHR stressed that the authorities must ensure the safe return of all detainees and prevent further abductions.

Growing hunger and security threats

The rise in rebel attacks threatens stability in the region and provokes famine, the World Food Programme (WFP) has warned.

According to the latest data, nearly 35 million people are projected to face acute food insecurity during the 2026 seasonal shortage period—June to August. This is the highest level ever recorded in the country.

Since the beginning of the year, rebel attacks have intensified, according to the UN. The al-Qaeda-linked Jamaat Nusra al-Islam wal-Muslimeen reportedly carried out its first attack in Nigeria last month, while the Islamic State in West Africa Province (ISIS) is seeking to expand its influence throughout the Sahel region.

"The situation for local communities is dire due to repeated attacks and economic hardship," said David Stevenson, WFP's representative in Nigeria. "If we fail to provide families with food and prevent the food insecurity from worsening, growing desperation could fuel instability. Rebel groups are exploiting hunger to expand their influence, creating a security threat that extends far beyond West Africa."

Millions at risk

According to the WFP, northern Nigeria is experiencing its worst food crisis in a decade. Farming communities are suffering the most.

During the 2026 seasonal shortage, nearly six million people in Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe states are projected to face famine. Fifteen thousand residents of Borno are at risk of catastrophic famine or near-famine conditions.

The situation is worsening amid a funding shortage: in July, WFP was forced to cut nutrition programs in the northeast of the country, affecting more than 300,000 children.

The WFP warns that emergency food assistance resources will run out in December, leaving millions of people without support next year.

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November 25, 2025 UN

The main events of the day at the UN and around the world: every 10 minutes a woman dies at the hands of a partner or relative; civilians have been killed as a result of airstrikes on Ukrainian territory; the Gaza Strip economy has shrunk by 83 percent; the fight against HIV is facing its most serious crisis in decades.

Violence against women

In 2024, 50,000 women and girls were killed by their intimate partners or family members—an average of one every 10 minutes. These figures are presented in a new report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and UN Women, published on the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women. According to the report, cases of gender-based homicide are recorded in every region of the world. The highest rates of femicide are found in Africa, and the lowest in Europe.

Strikes against Ukraine

The UN Human Rights Office reports that Russia launched new large-scale strikes on Ukrainian territory on Tuesday night. The attacks used missiles and loitering munitions, with the primary target being energy infrastructure in Kyiv, as well as in the Odesa and Kyiv regions. According to preliminary reports, at least seven people were killed and 28 others were injured in these regions. The strikes resulted in emergency power and heating outages. Ukraine also launched long-range drone strikes on Russia's Krasnodar Krai and Rostov Oblast. Civilian casualties have been reported.

Gaza's Economy

Palestine is experiencing its deepest economic crisis in history. The Gaza Strip's GDP has fallen by 83 percent in 2024 compared to the previous year, reaching $161 per capita per year. This is one of the lowest rates in the world, according to estimates by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). According to joint estimates by the UN, the European Union, and the World Bank, Gaza's recovery requires over $70 billion. The West Bank has also faced its most significant economic contraction in history, with GDP declining by 17 percent in 2024.

The fight against HIV

The global HIV response is facing its most serious crisis in decades, according to a new report from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The document analyzes the widespread impact of reduced international funding. Low- and middle-income countries, where HIV is most prevalent, have been hit hardest. External aid to health systems has been reduced by 30–40 percent in 2025 compared to 2023, which has already led to significant disruptions.

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November 25, 2025 International law

Almost a year after the ceasefire agreement between Lebanon and Israel, there has been an increase in attacks by Israeli forces, resulting in civilian deaths and the destruction of civilian property in Lebanon. UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR) spokesman Tamin Al-Khitan announced this at a press briefing in Geneva on Tuesday.

Between November 27, 2024, and November 24 of this year, Israeli strikes killed at least 127 civilians in Lebanon, he said.

An Israeli strike on the Ain el-Hilweh Palestinian refugee camp in southern Lebanon last week killed at least 13 civilians, including 11 children, and wounded at least six people.

"Prompt and impartial investigations are needed into the attack on Ain al-Hilweh, as well as all other incidents involving possible violations of international humanitarian law by all parties to the conflict—both before and after the ceasefire agreement. Those responsible must be held accountable," Al-Hitan said.

Israeli strikes on Lebanon also resulted in destruction and damage to civilian infrastructure, including homes, roads, factories and construction sites.

The attacks are hindering reconstruction efforts and complicating attempts by internally displaced persons to return to their homes in southern Lebanon.

More than 64,000 people—mostly residents of southern Lebanon—remain unable to return and are living in other parts of the country. Meanwhile, Israel has begun construction of a wall that, in some places, extends into Lebanon, blocking access to land belonging to residents of the south—a total of 4,000 square meters.

"All internally displaced people must be able to return home, and recovery must be supported, not blocked," Al-Hitan said.

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk emphasized that the parties must immediately demonstrate their willingness to faithfully comply with the ceasefire. Only a permanent cessation of hostilities will protect civilians on both sides of the border from the devastating consequences of further outbreaks of violence, the OHCHR emphasized.

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November 25, 2025 Economic development

Palestine is experiencing its deepest economic crisis on record – Gaza's economy has collapsed. A new report from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) calls the decline in GDP in the enclave "unprecedented and catastrophic."

Presenting the 2025 State of the Occupied Palestinian Territory Economic Outlook report, UNCTAD Deputy Secretary-General Pedro Manuel Moreno said that years of restrictions on movement, combined with the impact of military action, had "undone decades of progress" and left Gaza and the West Bank in ruins.

"What we are seeing today is extremely alarming," he said. "Gaza is experiencing the most rapid and devastating economic decline in recorded history."

Gaza's GDP fell by 83 percent

According to UNCTAD:

In 2024, Gaza's GDP contracted by 83 percent compared to the previous year; GDP per capita fell to $161 per year—less than 50 cents per day, one of the lowest in the world; the sector's economy is only 13 percent of its 2022 level.

Senior Economist Mutasim Elaghraa, coordinator of UNCTAD's programme in support of the Palestinian people, stressed that the crisis has effectively destroyed seven decades of development.

"Gaza's economy has lost 87 percent of its value since 2022," he said. "GDP per capita has returned to levels seen 22 years ago. This is the worst economic crisis ever recorded in recent decades."

According to him, the unemployment rate overall has reached 50 percent, and in Gaza it is more than 80 percent.

The West Bank is also experiencing a deep recession.

The West Bank has faced its largest economic contraction on record, with GDP falling by 17 percent and per capita income by nearly 19 percent in 2024.

UNCTAD estimates that the combination of growing instability, tightening restrictions on movement, settlement expansion and loss of access to 60 percent of land in the West Bank has “stifled economic growth for decades” and significantly limits further recovery.

Moreno noted that Palestine's financial situation is "the worst it's ever been." The situation is affected by declining revenues and withheld fiscal transfers, which account for more than two-thirds of tax revenue.

The education system is destroyed

The report warns that the destruction of all schools and universities in Gaza has deprived children of the opportunity to learn. The consequences of these actions, experts note, will be felt for generations.

According to Elagraa, "the education system, skills development, and the entire foundation of human capital have been destroyed. Gaza has lost 70 years of development."

Recovery will require $70 billion

According to joint estimates by the UN, the EU and the World Bank, more than $70 billion is needed to restore Gaza.

Even under the most optimistic scenario, with full access to resources and large-scale international aid, Elagraa said, “Gaza will need decades to return to the level of economic activity that existed before the last conflict.”

Clearing the rubble could take 22 years, and eliminating unexploded ordnance could take up to 10 years.

The importance of observing the ceasefire

All three UNCTAD representatives stressed that without a lasting ceasefire, there will be no recovery.

Moreno noted the ceasefire agreement reached in October 2025, but stressed that aid must begin now.

"Humanitarian aid is needed now," he said. "A long-term ceasefire is needed to stabilize the economy and begin recovery."

Elagraa added that development is only possible with the free entry of humanitarian aid. He described recent developments as "positive," but noted that they are progressing too slowly.

86 percent of farmland was damaged

According to UNCTAD, Gaza's agriculture has been "severely damaged." According to UNCTAD Secretary-General Rebeca Grynspan, 86 percent of farmland has been damaged, 83 percent of water wells have been destroyed, and 71 percent of greenhouses have been damaged. Only 1.5 percent of the land remains suitable for cultivation.

Soil contamination from explosions and unexploded ordnance will require large-scale international assistance.

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