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January 19, 2026 International law

War crimes and crimes against humanity were committed in the town of El Fasher in North Darfur, said Najat Shamim Khan, Deputy Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), speaking at a UN Security Council meeting in New York on Monday.

The people of Darfur, she said, are currently being subjected to collective torture. After El Fasher fell to the control of the Rapid Reaction Force (RRF), an "organized and calculated campaign" began in the city. causing the deepest suffering, directed in particular against non-Arab communities."

Mass executions and sexual violence

Based on video, audio and satellite evidence, the ICC Prosecutor's Office concluded that war crimes and crimes against humanity were committed in El Fasher, particularly in late October.

The ICC Prosecutor's Office also confirmed that sexual violence is used as a weapon of war in Darfur.

"Based on our investigations, there is no doubt that sexual violence, including rape, is systematic," Khan said.

The first step to responsibility

Khan recalled the verdict of Ali Muhammad Ali Abd al-Rahman, known as Ali Kushayb, who was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity in October 2025 and sentenced to 20 years in prison.

This decision was the first judgment in a case referred to the ICC by the Security Council, the first judgment in relation to the situation in Darfur, and the first judgment by the Court related to gender-based persecution.

Khan stressed that this verdict is of great importance to the people of Darfur and should be the beginning of a path towards greater accountability.

Call for cooperation

The Deputy Prosecutor called on states to more actively support ICC investigations, including by providing satellite data, facilitating work with the Darfur diaspora, and sending their experts to participate in this work.

She also stressed the need to arrest individuals wanted by the ICC, including Omar al-Bashir, Ahmad Harun and Abdel Rahim Muhammad Hussein.

In closing, Khan quoted one victim of violence: "When people see injustice and can't do anything, fear and chaos arise." The Deputy Prosecutor assured that the ICC is committed to continuing its work in the interests of all victims.

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January 19, 2026 Peace and security

In Yemen, a new wave of political instability and economic hardships linked to the ongoing conflict threaten to worsen the situation for millions of people suffering from hunger, disease, and forced displacement, UN Resident Coordinator and Humanitarian Coordinator Julien Arnet warned on Monday.

"To put it bluntly, children are dying – and the situation will only get worse," Arne told reporters in Geneva. "I'm afraid the world will only hear about this when death and infection rates rise sharply later this year."

This warning comes after a recent attempt by forces affiliated with the Southern Transitional Council (STC) to expand their presence in the resource-rich and strategically important eastern provinces of Hadhramaut and Al-Mahra. Earlier this month, Saudi-backed government forces reportedly recaptured these areas.

Fragile political situation

The current crisis is unfolding after more than ten years of fighting between the Ansar Allah movement, which controls the capital Sana'a, and the internationally recognized government in Aden, which is supported by a Saudi-led coalition.

"This is an extremely complex situation," Arne emphasized. "Just last month in Aden, we saw how the Yemeni government initially took control, then within 48 hours, the Southern Transitional Council took control of all government areas, including those where it had never been present before."

Four weeks later, an STC delegation, while in Riyadh, announced the "dissolution" of the movement and the return of control to the government. "But at the same time, demonstrations are taking place in Aden, declaring, 'No, we haven't disbanded, we're still here,'" the UN representative explained.

Previously, UN Special Envoy for Yemen Hans Grundberg warned the Security Council, that these events show how quickly fragile stability can be undermined without a credible and inclusive political process.

Detentions of UN employees

An additional obstacle remains the continued detention of UN staff, diplomatic missions and other institutions by Houthi forces.

"This is a terrible situation for the families. Some haven't seen their loved ones in five years. They don't know the conditions they're being held in, don't know where they are, and don't know if they'll be sentenced to death in the coming days," Arne said.

Millions on the brink of starvation

According to the latest UN data, more than 20 million Yemenis – about half the country's population – will face acute food shortages as early as next month. Tens of thousands of people could find themselves in conditions close to full-blown famine. "We expect the situation to get significantly worse in 2026," the UN coordinator emphasized.

The healthcare system has also been disrupted: over 450 medical facilities have already closed, and thousands more are at risk of losing funding. Vaccination programs are at risk, and a third of children in Yemen have not received all their required vaccinations, primarily due to lack of access to the northern regions.

"The way economic and political decisions are being made is causing the food crisis to worsen across the country," Arne noted. "We will see significant changes: the healthcare system will no longer be able to receive the same level of support."

Despite limited access, UN partner agencies were able to provide food assistance to 3.4 million people last year, as well as emergency support to Yemenis affected by floods and disease outbreaks.

The UN has been working in Yemen since the 1960s, promoting development and protecting the most vulnerable populations. "And suddenly, in recent years, the progress achieved is being reversed—it's inexplicable," Arne said. "This is very frightening for humanitarian workers."

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January 19, 2026 Human rights

Overall, the global trend toward universal abolition of the death penalty continues, but in 2025, the UN Human Rights Office recorded a sharp increase in the number of executions. This overall statistic reflects the fact that a number of countries that retain the death penalty have begun to use capital punishment "significantly more frequently."

Alarming statistics

"My Office has recorded an alarming increase in the use of the death penalty in 2025, particularly for crimes that fall below the 'most serious crimes' threshold established by international law. Executions of individuals convicted of acts committed as children also continue, and secrecy surrounding executions persists," said UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk.

The global increase is largely due to the rise in executions for drug-related crimes that do not involve intentional killing. "This is not only inconsistent with international law, but also ineffective as a crime deterrent," Türk noted.

Drug-related crimes

In Iran, at least 1,500 people were reportedly executed in 2025, with at least 47 percent of the executions related to drug-related crimes. "The scale and pace of these executions demonstrate the systematic use of the death penalty as a tool of state intimidation, with a disproportionate impact on ethnic minorities and migrants," the High Commissioner said.

In Saudi Arabia, at least 356 people were reportedly executed in 2025, surpassing the previous record set in 2024. Seventy-eight percent of those executed were for drug-related offenses after such executions resumed in late 2022. "At least two of those executed in Saudi Arabia were convicted of crimes committed when they were children, which raises serious questions, particularly from a child rights perspective," Türk noted.

47 people have been executed in the United States.

In the United States, 47 executions were carried out in 2025—the highest number in 16 years. The expansion of the use of gas asphyxiation, first introduced in the US in 2024, has raised serious concerns about the possibility of torture or cruel treatment.

Other countries

Public executions continued in Afghanistan, in violation of international human rights law. On April 11, 2025, four people convicted of murder were executed by relatives of the victims at sports stadiums in Badghis, Nimroz, and Farah provinces. Since August 2021, de facto authorities have carried out several public executions.

The death penalty is not an effective tool to combat crime and can lead to the execution of innocent people.

At least 24 people were executed in Somalia and 17 in Singapore. In China and North Korea, the use of the death penalty remains shrouded in secrecy, making it difficult to obtain accurate data. Belarus recently expanded the list of crimes punishable by death under its national security and counter-terrorism legislation.

Israel is currently considering several legislative initiatives aimed at expanding the use of the death penalty by introducing mandatory death sentences that would apply exclusively to Palestinians. This raises serious concerns regarding the violation of their due process rights, as well as other violations of international human rights and humanitarian law. Executions carried out by Hamas in Gaza also constitute gross human rights violations.

Positive steps

At the same time, a number of states took encouraging steps in 2025, according to a press release from the UN Human Rights Office. Vietnam reduced the number of crimes for which the death penalty is prescribed. Pakistan also removed two non-violent crimes from the list of crimes punishable by death, while retaining 29 such crimes. Zimbabwe abolished the death penalty for non-violent crimes on December 31, 2024, and Kenya initiated a legislative review of its death penalty provisions. In Malaysia, a sentencing review process reduced the number of people facing execution by more than 1,000. In Kyrgyzstan, the Constitutional Court upheld the ban on the death penalty, declaring a bill to reinstate it unconstitutional.

Call for the abolition of the death penalty

"The death penalty is not an effective tool for combating crime and can lead to the execution of innocent people," Türk said. "In practice, the death penalty is also often applied arbitrarily and discriminatorily, in violation of the fundamental principles of equality before the law."

The High Commissioner reiterated his call on all retentionist States to immediately establish a moratorium on executions, commute all existing death sentences and move towards the complete abolition of the death penalty.

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January 18, 2026 Human rights

Despite the unprecedented scale of violence, Sudanese people maintain their spirit of struggle for peace, justice, and freedom. This was stated by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk, speaking in Nairobi, Kenya, following his official visit to Sudan. He warned of the risk of mass atrocities in Kordofan and called for the immediate protection of civilians.

Türk spent five days in Sudan, visiting Port Sudan, Dongola, and the districts of Ad-Dabba and Merowe in Northern State. He met with government officials, civil society representatives, humanitarian organizations, journalists, lawyers, and people who fled the violence in El Fasher in North Darfur.

Youth on the front lines

Turk spoke about young Sudanese who are helping their communities.

One civil society leader told him: “We cannot stop the war, but we will do everything possible to save the lives of civilians.”

Another volunteer noted, "The price of war is being paid by the youth. Sudanese youth are on the front lines of this war."

The High Commissioner also met with women who lead organizations providing legal and humanitarian assistance to women victims of the Sudanese violence and human rights violations during the war.

Abductions and sexual violence

During his visit, the High Commissioner met with Hawa (not her real name), who was pursuing a master's degree in psychology when she was forced to flee El Fasher following the death of her 19-year-old son. Along the way, she said, she was robbed and beaten, and her husband was kidnapped and tortured for ransom by members of the Rapid Intervention Forces.

According to the High Commissioner, those involved in the conflict and those who arm, finance, and profit from the war must hear the testimony of 20-year-old Aisha (not her real name): “On October 20, we fled El Fasher on a donkey cart—it was the only means of transport we could afford. On the way to the village of Garni, we saw many bodies. We encountered armed men on camels who ordered, ‘Give us the women.’ My brother tried to stop them. He was shot in the legs. My mother burst into tears and said, ‘Leave my children, take me instead.’ They hit her, took me away, and told me to keep quiet or they would kill my mother. And then… what happened happened. I haven’t menstruated since.”

The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has documented numerous cases of sexual violence in El Fasher, on the escape routes from it, and in the nearby Zamzam camp.

The situation in Kordofan is alarming.

The High Commissioner expressed serious concern the situation in Kordofan, comparing it to the crisis in El Fasher before its capture. He noted that the capital of South Kordofan, Kadugli, is already facing a siege, mass displacement, and the risk of full-scale famine.

Volker Türk called on all parties to the conflict to ensure the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure, guarantee the safe exit of populations from combat zones, and ensure unimpeded access for humanitarian aid.

"Let human rights be the foundation of trust, ending war, and building sustainable peace. This is difficult – but not impossible, given the strength and resilience of the Sudanese people," the High Commissioner said.

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Miranda Alexander-Webber, United Nations Information Centre for Western Europe

© UN/Sh. Ottway

UN Secretary-General António Guterres (right) meets with British Prime Minister Keir Starmer.

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January 17, 2026 Climate and environment

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Austrian city of Graz announced the first results of an experiment to sterilize male mosquitoes. This technique could form the basis of a pest control strategy that involves the safe mass breeding and sterilization of insects using radiation.

The Aedes albopictus mosquito, also known as the "tiger mosquito," was first detected in Austria in 2012 and has since spread to all federal states. Graz has seen particularly high mosquito populations in recent years. In response to the growing number of complaints and the increasing risk of arboviruses spreading across Europe, the city of Graz requested support from the Vienna-based IAEA to initiate a study using the MRR method.

MRR research involves releasing and recapturing a certain number of already marked – covered with colored powder – sterile male mosquitoes in a defined area to study the behavior of the local population.

Progress of the experiment

Over the course of seven weeks in August and September last year, over 800,000 sterile mosquitoes were released into a 15-hectare area in a garden district in southern Graz. These males were sterilized by radiation, meaning that successful mating with wild females would not produce offspring.

Mosquito populations, including invasive species like Aedes albopictus, are rapidly expanding across Europe and globally due to changing weather patterns, urbanization, and increased international trade. Warmer weather and changing rainfall patterns are creating favorable breeding conditions, allowing species previously restricted to the tropics to establish themselves in temperate latitudes. This expanding range poses increasing public health challenges, as mosquitoes transmit dangerous diseases, including chikungunya, dengue, and the Zika virus.

Results of data analysis

Analysis of data from recaptured mosquitoes in a study conducted jointly by the City of Graz and the IAEA provides key scientific information on the size of the wild mosquito population, the range of sterile males, their survival in the wild, and their competitiveness during mating.

"These preliminary results provide us with a basis for determining the optimal implementation of the sterile insect technique in Graz," said Hanano Yamada, an entomologist at the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre for Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. "This information is essential for determining the scale, frequency, and geographic coverage of future releases of sterile mosquitoes for pest control."

High efficiency of the technique

Preliminary results of the study demonstrated the high effectiveness of the method. The egg sterility rate was approximately 70 percent, and the number of females captured in traps significantly decreased over the study period compared to a neighboring untreated plot. This demonstrates that sterile males successfully compete with wild mosquitoes and that their release can significantly reduce mosquito populations in densely populated urban areas.

Based on the results obtained, the City of Graz and the IAEA are preparing recommendations for next steps for the 2026 mosquito breeding season.

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January 16, 2026 Peace and security

UN peacekeeping operations in the Middle East are facing growing security threats, financial difficulties, and political uncertainty, UN Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix said on Friday.

Speaking to journalists via video link from Jeddah after an extended visit to the region, Lacroix reported an increase in the number of dangerous incidents involving peacekeepers and emphasized the precarious conditions in which missions operate. He added that despite the increasingly challenging situation on the ground, UN peacekeepers continue to carry out their duties.

Speaking about the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), Lacroix emphasized that the mission will continue its work until at least the end of December 2026.

UNIFIL remains focused on supporting the Lebanese Armed Forces and facilitating the implementation of Security Council Resolution 1701, which ended hostilities between Israeli forces and Hezbollah in 2006, he said.

He also welcomed recent government announcements of progress in establishing operational control in the south of the country, while acknowledging that "much remains to be done."

Growing danger

At the same time, Lacroix expressed serious concern about the increasing number of incidents affecting UN peacekeepers, especially those involving the Israel Defense Forces.

"The frequency of these incidents has been quite high – and it continues to increase," he said, warning that several clashes "could have led to extremely tragic consequences" for peacekeepers.

He said he had raised the issue with Israeli officials, stressing that "no one is interested in putting the lives of peacekeepers at risk" and reminding all parties of their responsibility to ensure the safety of UN personnel.

Lacroix also described the widespread destruction in southern Lebanon, where entire villages have been devastated and civilians are still unable to return to their homes. He said this undermines the region's prospects for recovery and reconstruction.

Financial problems and adaptation

Beyond security threats, Lacroix highlighted the impact of funding shortfalls on peacekeeping operations. He noted that UNIFIL and other missions were forced to implement cost-cutting plans due to late payment of contributions by some UN member states.

He also praised the peacekeepers' ability to adapt to challenging conditions, saying they had managed to "mitigate the impact" of financial constraints through innovative solutions and operational adjustments.

Syria and Regional Dynamics

Speaking about the situation in Syria, Lacroix said that the UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) continues to carry out its mandate with the active support of both the Security Council and the Syrian authorities.

However, he noted that the situation on the ground had changed significantly since Israeli troops took up positions in the separation zone defined by the 1974 agreement.

"We would like to return to a situation where UNDOF was the only military contingent in the zone of separation," Lacroix said, calling recent US-brokered talks between Israel and Syria "positive."

He also stressed the importance of UN mine action in Lebanon, Syria, the Gaza Strip and the occupied Palestinian territories as a whole, saying the needs were "enormous" and calling for increased donor support.

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January 16, 2026 UN

The top news of the day at the UN and around the world: The UN Secretary-General has arrived in London, families across Ukraine are in "survival mode" amid severe cold, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees has called for help for the Sudanese, and the Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity is coming into force.

The Secretary General in London

UN Secretary-General António Guterres arrived in London today to participate in events commemorating the 80th anniversary of the first meeting of the UN General Assembly, which took place in the British capital in 1946. Guterres met with Prime Minister Keir Starmer today. They discussed the war in Ukraine, the conflict in Sudan, and UN reform. The Secretary-General also held a discussion with London Mayor Sadiq Khan, focusing on the role of cities in the fight against climate change.

Ukraine: Surviving the Cold

Families across Ukraine are in "survival mode" amid ongoing Russian attacks, leaving entire neighborhoods without power—sometimes for days—while temperatures plunge to freezing temperatures. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) reported this on Friday. UNICEF representative Munir Mammadzade said families are stuffing their windows with stuffed animals to keep out the cold. In Kyiv, the temperature dropped to -15 degrees Celsius on Friday, and even colder temperatures are expected next week, both outside and in homes without heating.

Sudanese refugees in Chad

UN High Commissioner for Refugees Barham Salih today emphasized the need for urgent humanitarian assistance to people fleeing the war in Sudan, including Sudanese refugees in Chad. During his visit to the country, he stated that the UN Refugee Agency and its partners are working to expand support, including providing shelter, food, water, and medical services to displaced people. Salih called on the international community to increase funding for humanitarian operations in Sudan and Chad.

Ocean protection

The agreement was adopted in June 2023. Since then, 145 countries have signed it, and more than 80 have officially ratified it. The agreement significantly strengthens the legal framework for the protection of two-thirds of the world's oceans. In his message on the occasion of the document's entry into force, the head of the UN called it a historic moment for people and the planet.

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January 16, 2026 Peace and security

The Republic of Moldova has opened a new headquarters in Chisinau for its Passenger Information Unit, which operates within the General Inspectorate of Border Police. This will strengthen the country's capacity to detect and combat cross-border crimes, including human trafficking.

The project is supported by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the United Nations Counter Terrorism Programme.

"The opening of the Passenger Information Unit headquarters is an important step in strengthening the state's ability to anticipate risks and ensure the safety of citizens," said Interior Minister Daniela Misail-Nikitin.

“We are investing in modern infrastructure, digital tools, and well-trained specialists to ensure that decisions are based on accurate data and that government responses are swift and coordinated,” she added.

The unit brings together key services under one roof, allowing for faster alert assessment and action. The unit includes experts from the Moldovan Border Police, National Police, Customs Service, and the Security and Intelligence Service.

"This not only enhances national security and institutional resilience, but also reflects Moldova's compliance with EU accession principles," said IOM Representative in Moldova Esther Ruiz de Azua.

The unit is equipped with cutting-edge UN software and boasts enhanced operational and technical capabilities for collecting, analyzing, and rapidly responding to passenger data. Moldova is the seventh country to implement this system, following Norway, Luxembourg, Botswana, Georgia, the Philippines, and Mongolia.

The UN Terrorist Travel Prevention Programme assists states in managing passenger information in accordance with international standards, privacy laws, and human rights principles. It is implemented under the auspices of the UN Office of Counter-Terrorism.

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January 15, 2026 Human rights

An emergency meeting of the Security Council on the situation in Iran opened in New York on Thursday. It was convened at the initiative of the United States in response to reports from Iran of a violent crackdown on mass protests that began in December.

The right to peaceful protest

All Iranians must be able to express their grievances peacefully and without fear, Assistant Secretary-General Martha Pobi said at a UN Security Council meeting.

She recalled that the UN chief had previously expressed deep concern over reports of excessive use of force against protesters in Iran. The UN emphasizes the need to respect the rights of the country's residents to freedom of expression, association, and peaceful assembly.

According to the latest reports, hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people have been killed in Iran, where mass protests continue unabated. The UN has no way to confirm these figures, Pobi noted. All deaths must be investigated, and those responsible brought to justice, she emphasized.

Human rights activists report numerous arrests across the country. By mid-January 2026, the number of detainees is estimated to have exceeded 18,000.

"We call on the authorities to respect the right to due process and a fair trial for all those detained. Everyone must be treated humanely," Pobi said. She called on Iran's leadership not to use the death penalty in response to the protests.

"Public statements about military strikes against Iran"

According to Pobi, the UN notes with alarm "various public statements suggesting possible military strikes against Iran."

"This external factor adds instability to an already explosive situation," she said, calling for maximum restraint.

"The Secretary-General remains convinced that all concerns regarding Iran, including those related to the nuclear issue and the ongoing protests, are best addressed through diplomacy and dialogue," Pobi added.

The UN reminds of the need to refrain from any actions that could lead to further loss of life or provoke a wider regional escalation.

Iranian journalist and dissident: "Iran is plunged into darkness"

"What is needed now is real and concrete action to hold accountable those who order the massacres in Iran," Alinejad said.

"The voices of millions of innocent, unarmed Iranians have been silenced by bullets, mass arrests, detentions, and a complete communications blackout—no internet, no mobile phones, no landlines. Iran is plunged into complete darkness," Alinejad added.

"I am here to bring their voices to this room," she emphasized. "I am here to tell you that brutal atrocities are taking place in my beloved homeland, Iran."

Arrest for participating in a protest

Meanwhile, Iranian-American journalist and human rights activist Ahmad Batebi told UN Security Council members how Iranian authorities arrested him for participating in a protest during his student years. He claimed he was tortured in custody and forced to "confess" on camera that he was a paid American spy.

"The situation in Iran is exactly the same now," he emphasized. "Many innocent people are taking to the streets demanding their rights, and the Iranian regime is filming them and claiming they are Mossad agents."

US: Iranian regime bears responsibility for suffering of its citizens

US Permanent Representative to the UN Mike Waltz thanked the human rights activists who spoke out for their courage.

"The level of violence and the level of repression that the Iranian regime has unleashed against its citizens and its own people has implications for international peace and security," he said.

According to Waltz, "despite attempts to justify itself, the regime itself is responsible for the economic suffering of the Iranian people" and "will be held accountable."

In addition to gross human rights violations and the "illegal" development of a nuclear weapons program, the US representative recalled the explosion of his country's embassy in Beirut and also stated that Iran's partners and proxies "destabilized the Middle East" by funding Hezbollah and the Houthis and supporting the "brutal Assad regime."

"Iranians are fed up," he said, emphasizing that it was "the regime's disregard for its citizens" that had put the ayatollahs in their current position.

Russia: "The US is fueling hysteria around Iran"

Since late December, the entire world has been watching as the United States continues to escalate tensions and fuel hysteria around Iran, claiming that "help is already on the way," said Vasily Nebenzya, Russia's Permanent Representative to the UN. According to him, "in its official statements, Washington has not even attempted to camouflage the true reasons for its so-called 'concerns' about the domestic political situation in the country, threatening new strikes against Iran."

"Today's meeting, convened by our American colleagues, is nothing more than yet another attempt to justify blatant aggression and interference in the internal affairs of a sovereign state. And if the Iranian authorities, as Washington puts it, don't 'come to their senses,' then they will resolve the Iranian problem in their favorite way: by launching strikes to overthrow the 'undesirable regime,'" Nebenzya added.

China "consistently" advocates upholding the principles of the UN Charter

Chinese diplomat Sun Lei stated that the United States is openly threatening to use force against Iran. He emphasized that China consistently upholds the principles of the UN Charter and international law, and that the sovereign equality of states and non-interference in internal affairs are the "fundamental norms" of international relations. He argued that the use of force never resolves problems, and military adventures could push the region toward catastrophe.

Sun Lei added that "an obsession with force" and "arbitrary interference" only breed conflict and hatred. "Any action that violates international law is unacceptable," the diplomat emphasized.

UK Permanent Representative: We pay tribute to the courage of the Iranian people

Archibald Young, Britain's permanent representative to the UN, said his country was "appalled" by reports that thousands of people may have been killed and many more arrested in Iran in what he called the worst crackdown on public protests in decades.

"Despite the regime's near-total internet shutdown, videos coming out of Iran suggest that these reports may even underestimate the true scale of the horror now unfolding there," he said, adding that "the regime will claim that these protests were instigated by foreign-backed forces, but lies and propaganda cannot justify its actions."

"Let me make it clear again and again: we condemn the regime's actions in the strongest possible terms," he emphasized. "We pay tribute to the courage of the Iranian people, especially Iranian women. Once again, they boldly declare their desire to live in freedom and dignity, despite repression and violence."

The material is being updated…

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