Top Stories of the Day | Thursday: Sudan, Arab States, Sanctions, Malaria

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December 4, 2025 UN

The main news of the day at the UN and around the world: escalating violence in Sudan, extreme weather events in Arab countries, the International Day against Unilateral Coercive Measures, a WHO report on progress in the fight against malaria.

Violence in Darfur and Kordofan

In El Fasher, North Darfur state, Sudan, extrajudicial killings, rapes, and ethnically motivated attacks are taking place. Those who manage to escape the city are also becoming victims of crimes: the roads leading out of El Fasher have become "scenes of unimaginable brutality," stated UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk. He also warned of events unfolding in the neighboring region of Kordofan. Violence there is escalating, several towns are under siege, and the number of civilian casualties is rising.

Extreme weather in Arab countries

Temperatures in the Arab region are rising almost twice as fast as the global average. In 2024, the region experienced unprecedented heat, droughts, and severe water shortages, according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)'s first report on the state of the climate in the Arab world. Several countries reported temperatures above 50 degrees Celsius last year, while the regional average was 1.08 degrees Celsius higher than the 1991-2020 average. The WMO also notes that only 60 percent of Arab countries have early warning systems for extreme weather events.

Unilateral coercive measures

Today marks the first International Day Against Unilateral Coercive Measures. The General Assembly held an informal meeting to mark the occasion. General Assembly President Annalena Baerbock highlighted the difference between unilateral coercive measures and those provided for in the UN Charter. She called for dialogue and a multilateral approach.

Progress in the fight against malaria

The World Health Organization (WHO) released its annual malaria report on Thursday, noting significant progress in the fight against the disease thanks to the introduction of new tools, from vaccines to innovative mosquito nets. Experts estimate that approximately 170 million malaria infections and at least one million deaths will be averted globally by 2024. The WHO has certified nearly 50 countries, including Georgia, as malaria-free.

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Annalena Baerbock: Unilateral measures would not be necessary if all countries respected the UN Charter

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December 4, 2025 International law

Today marks the first International Day Against Unilateral Coercive Measures. The General Assembly held an informal meeting to mark the occasion. General Assembly President Annalena Baerbock highlighted the key difference between unilateral coercive measures and those provided for in the UN Charter.

"As the name suggests, 'unilateral' measures are taken by one side. And their purpose is to coerce the other side," she said.

She stressed that such steps are fundamentally different from actions taken collectively by the Security Council or regional organizations in accordance with the UN Charter.

According to Baerbock, unilateral coercive measures are not an abstract policy. She cited the Secretary-General's latest report, which describes the consequences of such actions for developing countries and their populations, including food and medical shortages, problems with the delivery of humanitarian aid, economic slowdowns, and rising inflation.

“They [unilateral coercive measures – editor’s note] have a real impact on people’s lives,” the General Assembly Speaker emphasized.

Baerbock noted that the negative effects are felt far beyond the individual countries against which such measures are directed.

“They can also extend beyond their borders, disrupting regional and global supply chains,” the Chair said.

Read also:

UN expert: Unilateral sanctions deprive millions of people of the right to education

Baerbock also emphasized that UN member states agree that any restrictive measures must comply with the Charter of the Organization and international law.

She added: “Such measures and sanctions would not be necessary if all Member States respected the principles of the UN Charter and their obligations under international law.”

Baerbock called for dialogue instead of coercion and a multilateral approach instead of a unilateral one.

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Malaria: Innovations have saved millions of lives, but the global threat remains

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December 4, 2025 Healthcare

The World Health Organization (WHO) released its annual report on Thursday malaria, which notes significant progress in the fight against this disease thanks to the introduction of new tools—from vaccines to innovative mosquito nets. Experts estimate that by 2024, approximately 170 million cases of malaria infection and at least one million deaths will have been averted globally.

Since 2021, when the world's first malaria vaccine was approved, 24 countries have included it in their national immunization programs. Seasonal chemoprophylaxis has been expanded, reaching 54 million children in 2024, up from only 200,000 in 2012. Furthermore, the WHO has certified 47 countries and one territory as malaria-free. Cabo Verde and Egypt will join them in 2024, and Georgia, Suriname, and Timor-Leste will follow in 2025.

Despite these successes, in 2024, 282 million malaria cases and 610,000 deaths were recorded globally. Ninety-five percent of deaths occurred in the WHO African Region, with the majority of deaths occurring in children under five. The mortality rate was 13.8 per 100,000 population, more than triple the global target of 4.5.

Drug resistance and genetic mutations

The WHO warns of growing parasite resistance to key drugs. Additional challenges include genetic mutations in parasites that reduce the accuracy of rapid tests, resistance to pyrethroids in 48 countries, and the spread of the insecticide-resistant Anopheles stephensi mosquito in nine African countries. Climate change and extreme weather events are fueling new outbreaks, while conflict and instability are disrupting health systems.

Funding shortfall

Funding for malaria remains critically low: $3.9 billion was allocated in 2024, less than half the 2025 target. This funding cut has weakened health systems, led to the cancellation or postponement of routine screenings, and increased risk of drug supply disruptions.

"New tools give us hope, but we face significant challenges," said WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. The World Health Organization is calling on countries where malaria remains endemic to maintain their commitment to combating this dangerous disease.

What you need to know about malaria

Malaria is a life-threatening disease transmitted to humans by certain species of mosquitoes. It occurs primarily in tropical countries.

Infection occurs through a parasite bite. The disease is not transmitted from person to person.

Malaria symptoms range from mild to life-threatening. Mild symptoms include fever, chills, and headache. Severe symptoms include weakness, confusion, seizures, and difficulty breathing.

Infants, children under five years of age, pregnant women, and people with HIV infection or AIDS are at increased risk of severe infection.

Malaria can be prevented by avoiding mosquito bites and through medication. Treatment can help stop the further progression of mild cases.

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Sudan: UN calls for end to violence in Darfur and Kordofan

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December 4, 2025 Peace and security

In El Fasher, North Darfur state, Sudan, extrajudicial killings, rape, and ethnic violence are taking place. Those who manage to escape the city also become victims of crimes: the roads leading out of El Fasher have become "scenes of unimaginable brutality," stated UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk.

He also warned about events unfolding in the neighboring region of Kordofan. Following the capture of El Fasher by the Rapid Intervention Forces, the number of civilian casualties there has increased.

"There are no signs of de-escalation. On the contrary, events on the ground indicate clear preparations for an intensification of hostilities," Türk said.

The UN team working in Sudan has condemned the escalation of violence in Kordofan, including the siege of several towns.

"We are deeply concerned about the ongoing attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure, which are a clear violation of international humanitarian law," the team said in a statement.

It also notes that the fighting is limiting the population's access to food, medicine, and basic necessities. Farmers are unable to work their fields or sell their produce at markets, further increasing the risk of famine.

In the town of Kadugli in South Kordofan state, conditions that could lead to famine have already been recorded.

“We call on all those involved in the fighting to protect civilians, as well as medical and humanitarian workers, especially those fleeing besieged areas, and local first responders on the front lines providing vital support to the population,” the UN country team said.

They also called for the protection of civilian infrastructure, including hospitals and markets, and an end to the abduction and recruitment of children.

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The UN General Assembly approved the resolution "Return of Ukrainian Children"

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December 3, 2025 Peace and security

The resolution, proposed by a number of countries, including Ukraine, was supported by 91 countries, 12 voted against, and 57 abstained. Resolution demands that the Russian Federation ensure the "immediate, safe and unconditional" return of all Ukrainian children who have been forcibly displaced or deported.

The General Assembly also called on Russia to immediately cease any further practice of forced displacement, deportation, separation of children from their families and legal guardians, changes in their personal status, including through the granting of citizenship, adoption or placement in foster families, as well as the practice of ideological indoctrination.

The document calls on the Secretary-General to use his good offices, including through the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, to remain actively engaged in this issue.

"Imagine: you're 16 years old, going about your daily business… Suddenly, soldiers with machine guns and balaclavas burst into your home," said General Assembly President Annalena Baerbock, opening the meeting. "They force you into a car and drive you off to an unknown destination, where you spend months in a horrific situation. They even change your name."

Sharing the story of this Ukrainian child—one of thousands who, according to Baerbock, were forcibly displaced, adopted, or sent for military training in the Russian Federation—she noted that many of these children may not be aware of the role played by the UN General Assembly. But they understand the responsibility it carries. "We must listen to the voices of the people—especially the most vulnerable, children," she emphasized.

According to the President of the General Assembly, international law, particularly Article 49 of the Geneva Convention, unequivocally prohibits the forced displacement or deportation of children from occupied territories. "What we are witnessing is not just a tragedy for individual children, but a violation of international law," she said.

Ukraine: "This resolution is about humanity"

"This resolution is not about politics," the representative of Ukraine said, addressing the General Assembly before the vote. "It is about humanity. There can be no doubt that every child deserves to live in a home where they feel loved."

According to her, "during the Russian Federation's aggressive war against Ukraine, children are killed, wounded, raped, separated from their families, and deported." "It is inconceivable that anyone would consider children war trophies," the Ukrainian diplomat said.

Moscow's so-called "rescue operations," the Ukrainian representative noted, are in fact "cynical missions to exterminate Ukrainians and take away their children." According to her, the Russian Federation has deported at least 20,000 Ukrainian children to date. While some have been returned, the fate of many remains unknown.

Recalling that the International Criminal Court has issued arrest warrants for Russian President Vladimir Putin and other officials accused of involvement in these crimes, she emphasized that the occupying power bears full responsibility for the return of Ukrainian children. "No child should be separated from their family," she said, calling on the General Assembly to intercede for Ukrainian children.

Russia: The resolution's purpose is to "promote the narrative of Russia's alleged deportation."

Speaking before the vote, Russia's Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN, Maria Zabolotskaya, noted that the special session should not have resumed its work, as its goal contradicts the purposes and principles of the UN, as enshrined in its Charter, and is to "thwart the achievement of a long-term peaceful settlement of the Ukrainian crisis."

"The purpose of this text [of the resolution] is certainly not to help children," she stated. "Its purpose is to advance the narrative of Russia's alleged deportation of children. For several years now, we've been hearing the figure of 20,000 children allegedly deported. This figure hasn't changed, and it's not supported by any lists or any inquiries from parents or relatives. We've never seen any relatives of the children allegedly deported to Russia."

She recalled that the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Holy See, and the State of Qatar are acting as mediators in this matter, and that the Russian leadership also supported the initiative of US First Lady Melania Trump to take part in the fate of children affected by military action.

"You won't learn from the resolution that child reunification is a two-way street," said Russia's Deputy Permanent Representative. "122 children returned to Ukraine and 29 children returned to Russia."

In June of this year, Ukraine handed over a list of 339 names to Russia in Istanbul. Some of those listed were adults, while others had never been to Russia, the rapporteur added.

Zabolotskaya also refuted reports of Russia's violations of international humanitarian law and the forced adoption of Ukrainian children.

At the end of her speech, the Russian representative stated that “every vote cast in favor of the resolution is support for lies, war, and confrontation; every vote against is a vote for peace.”

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Top Stories | Wednesday: Sudan, Mozambique, opium, International Day of Persons with Disabilities

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December 3, 2025 UN

The main news of the day at the UN and around the world: a humanitarian catastrophe in Sudan, mass displacement from violence in northern Mozambique, record opium production in Myanmar, and International Day of Persons with Disabilities.

The humanitarian situation in Sudan

Sudan is currently experiencing a severe humanitarian disaster: the escalating conflict in Kordofan and other parts of the country has left civilians without food, water, and medical care. UNICEF reports that some communities in South Kordofan are under siege, while West Kordofan is experiencing constant outbreaks of violence. Hospitals are only partially functioning. The World Health Organization has confirmed nearly 200 attacks on healthcare facilities, resulting in the deaths of over 1,700 people. Despite this, humanitarian organizations continue to deliver water and food to those in need. The humanitarian response plan for Sudan is only 35 percent funded. The UN is calling on donors to urgently increase their support.

Aid for internally displaced persons in Mozambique

UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Tom Fletcher on Wednesday released $6 million from the Central Emergency Response Fund to expand support for 120,000 people displaced by violence in northern Mozambique. The situation in the African country has deteriorated sharply since mid-November as the conflict has escalated. According to humanitarian organizations, children make up more than two-thirds of the 100,000 people who have fled in the past two weeks. They are taking refuge in overcrowded schools, temporary shelters, and sleeping on the streets. All this is happening against the backdrop of cholera spreading across the region. The Central Response Fund will prioritize water, sanitation, and hygiene supplies for those in need.

Myanmar's opium production hits record high

Opium poppy cultivation volumes in Myanmar reached the maximum level Over the past ten years, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reported in a new report. The study was published at a critical moment for the country, which is experiencing protracted conflict and socioeconomic instability. According to the report, the area under poppy cultivation in Myanmar has increased by 17 percent compared to last year. Economic factors play a key role. Since 2019, the price of opium at farmers' markets has more than doubled. According to the UNODC, rising prices and reduced heroin supplies from Afghanistan are creating incentives for further expansion of production in Myanmar.

International Day of Disabled Persons

Today, 1.3 billion people, or one in six people on Earth, face significant health-related limitations. People with disabilities face twice the risk of developing chronic diseases, from diabetes to depression, and the gap in life expectancy compared to people without disabilities can be as high as 20 years. These figures reflect not only health status but also the consequences of systemic exclusion, discrimination, and limited access to services. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres in his message on the occasion International Day of Persons with Disabilities, which is celebrated on December 3, emphasized that without real inclusion it is impossible to talk about genuine social progress or sustainable development.

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UN Human Rights Office spokesman: Situation in Syria is improving

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December 3, 2025 Human rights

For the first time in the country's history, Syrians are preparing to publicly celebrate next week Human Rights Day – a small but significant step that the UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR) says marks a “new chapter” in its engagement with the authorities and gives hope to millions of people waiting for change.

In an interview with the UN News Service, OHCHR representative Mohammad Al-Nsour reported that the situation in the country is improving a year after the fall of the Assad regime. "Every time we come to Damascus, we see changes," he said.

For many years, the Office was not allowed to operate inside Syria, but the OHCHR team is now permanently based in Damascus. Previously, Al-Nsour monitored the human rights situation remotely from Beirut.

Signs of progress

Syria still faces many challenges, including rebuilding the war-torn country and holding those responsible for crimes committed both under the former regime and since its fall to justice.

Al-Nsour noted that the security problem also remains extremely serious, recalling in particular the massacres in coastal areas of Syria earlier this year, including cases committed by security forces.

Nevertheless, overall, he said, the situation is developing “very constructively and positively.”

"There is political will and a desire on the part of the government to improve the situation," he said. The government is receiving technical assistance from UN representatives aimed at reforming legislation, strengthening human rights principles in law enforcement, and improving the effectiveness of public administration.

These steps, he noted, demonstrate a commitment to a future based on respect for human rights.

He stressed that one of the key advantages of having an OHCHR office inside the country is that its staff act “as consultants to the authorities.”

"Our goal is not to shame or blame any government, but to prevent violations," Al-Nsour said.

Human Rights Day

Preparations are in full swing for the first-ever Human Rights Day commemoration on December 10. The event, which coincides closely with the anniversary of the fall of the Assad regime on December 8, is jointly organized by the OHCHR and the Syrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Al-Nsour noted that the celebration would mark a "new chapter in relations with the Syrian government," and that discussions would focus on "how to advance the human rights agenda in the new Syria."

Accountability and fairness

For many Syrians, accountability remains a key demand. Following the coastal incidents in March, the authorities established a National Investigative Committee, which received significant technical support from the OHCHR. Some perpetrators have already been brought to justice.

Al-Nsour noted that the government also agreed to extend the mandate of the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria, allowing for the continuation of independent international investigations not only into violations committed under the Assad regime but also after its fall.

Voices of Women and Youth

The OHCHR also supports women's civil society organizations and promotes women's greater political participation. According to Al-Nsour, the authorities are open to this approach.

The UN representative emphasized that the main source of hope for Syria is the Syrians themselves.

"Syria's remarkable trait is the resilience of its people," he said. "The remarkable, educated young generation, ready to participate in building a new Syria in the most positive way, inspires hope," the OHCHR representative added.

Across the country, young people are launching their own initiatives, from cleaning public parks to supporting local services.

“They have seen what has happened in other countries – in post-conflict situations in the region and beyond – and they are doing everything they can to move in the right direction,” Al-Nsour said.

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WHO has released a new report on promoting inclusive healthcare.

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December 3, 2025 Healthcare

On the International Day of Persons with Disabilities, celebrated annually on December 3, the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe released a report highlighting proven effective practices in promoting inclusive healthcare. The report provides examples of how countries in Europe and Central Asia are working to reduce the health gaps faced by more than 135 million people with disabilities.

The report presents a variety of approaches to addressing this issue, ranging from national legislative reforms to local service innovations. These examples demonstrate how healthcare systems can integrate inclusion principles into everyday practices and public health programs.

Despite progress, people with disabilities continue to face significant yet entirely avoidable inequalities, including a 20-year reduction in life expectancy compared to people without disabilities. The report states that governments, healthcare providers, and disability organizations are joining forces to change this.

"All of these examples share a common message: inclusive healthcare cannot be viewed as a stand-alone project," noted Shirin Kiyani, Technical Officer at the WHO Regional Office for Europe. "When countries adopt a systemic approach, supported by sustainable funding and clear governance structures in partnership with organizations of people with disabilities, changes become systemic and long-lasting."

The report includes examples from across the region: sign language interpretation services in Azerbaijan that enable meaningful communication between deaf people and healthcare workers; specialized early breast cancer detection programs for women with intellectual disabilities in Ireland; inclusive sports and fitness initiatives in Turkmenistan that promote health and social inclusion; and an emergency preparedness system in Iceland that takes into account the needs of people with disabilities.

All these practices are consistent with the strategic principles of the WHO European Framework for Action to Achieve the Highest Possible Standard of Health for Persons with Disabilities, endorsed by 53 Member States in the region. It is based on human rights, coordination with organizations of people with disabilities, and the integration of efforts across health, social protection, education, and public services.

The report concludes by emphasizing that simply raising awareness of existing problems is not enough. Infrastructure improvements will not yield sustainable results without reliable data systems and improved accessibility standards. Investments in structural reforms—such as training specialists and developing care pathways—can ensure long-term systemic change.

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Opium cultivation in Myanmar has reached a ten-year peak.

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December 3, 2025 Peace and security

Opium poppy cultivation in Myanmar has reached its highest level in a decade, according to a new report from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The study comes at a critical time for the country, which is experiencing protracted conflict and socioeconomic instability.

According to the report, the area under poppy cultivation in Myanmar has increased by 17 percent compared to last year, from 45,200 to 53,100 hectares. Economic factors play a key role. Since 2019, the price of opium at farmers' markets has more than doubled, from $160 to $365 per kilogram. According to the UNODC, rising prices and reduced heroin supplies from Afghanistan are creating incentives for further expansion of production in Myanmar.

Despite the increase in cultivated area, per-hectare yields have declined. This is due to armed clashes and general instability, which hinder farmers from tending their fields and obtaining necessary inputs. Nevertheless, overall opium production remains historically high.

The report also documents the first signs that heroin from Myanmar is beginning to reach markets previously supplied with Afghan opium. Over the past year, there have been multiple cases of heroin seizures from passengers traveling from Southeast Asia to Europe. While these are isolated incidents so far, the changing situation on the black market could spur further expansion of production.

"Myanmar is at a turning point: the increase in cultivation reflects the recovery of the opium economy and points to possible further expansion," said Delphine Shantz, UNOPS representative for Southeast Asia and the Pacific.

She emphasized that unless viable alternatives are created for farmers, the cycle of poverty and dependence on illicit cultivation will only intensify. According to her, what is happening now in Myanmar will impact drug markets not only in the region but far beyond, and requires urgent action.

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FAO: $2.5 billion needed for food and agriculture assistance in 2026

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December 3, 2025 Humanitarian aid

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) today called on the global community to mobilize $2.5 billion to support more than 100 million people in 54 countries and territories by 2026. For the first time, the UN agency's plan brings together all needs into a single framework.

In particular, the FAO requested $64.7 million to help 358,713 residents of Ukraine.

The agency hopes not only to respond to acute crises, but also to reduce the likelihood of future emergencies requiring significant donor investment.

New humanitarian model

FAO Director-General Qu Dongyu noted that the previous model of work is no longer effective. Speaking on the sidelines of the 179th session of the FAO Council, he emphasized the need to rethink approaches to response to food crises.

According to the agency's head, despite significant humanitarian funding in previous years, the number of people experiencing food insecurity has tripled since 2016.

Dongyu noted the message coming from youth in crisis zones at the recent World Food Forum: they want increased opportunities to be productive, not constant humanitarian aid.

Hunger in the countryside

At the same time, supporting farmers and their ability to continue producing food is a key element of stability.

Around 80 percent of people facing acute food insecurity live in rural areas and rely on agriculture, livestock farming, fishing, or forestry. However, only 5 percent of humanitarian funding in the food aid sector is directed toward supporting agriculture.

Strengthening local production improves local residents' access to food, develops the local economy, creates jobs and strengthens social stability – especially in countries experiencing protracted crises, such as Sudan, South Sudan, Afghanistan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Effective programs

FAO stresses the importance of early action and rapid emergency support for agriculture.

Effective solutions include seed distribution, livestock vaccination and treatment, restoration of key infrastructure, provision of farmers with necessary tools, cash assistance, and support for market operations.

Research shows that every dollar invested in protecting agricultural production before a crisis can yield up to seven dollars in returns in prevented losses and reduced humanitarian needs in the future.

FAO plan

FAO's 2026 Global Appeal calls for $1.5 billion in emergency support for 60 million people worldwide, and $1 billion in resilience programs for 43 million people. Sustainable solutions include the adoption of technology for adaptation to climate change, building water infrastructure, improving market access and restoring agri-food systems.

Specifically, it is planned to support 358,713 residents of Ukraine, requiring $64.7 million. $521.6 million will be allocated to countries in the Asia-Pacific region, $519.1 million to the Middle East and North Africa, $471.6 million to East Africa, $593.4 million to West and Central Africa, $179.6 million to Southern Africa, and $111.9 million to Latin America and the Caribbean.

In addition, $70 million will go towards FAO activities such as data collection and analysis, monitoring food chain threats, and coordination with other agencies.

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