Translation. Region: Russian Federation –
Source: Novosibirsk State University –
An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.
Scientists Institute of Medicine and Medical Technologies NSU's Institute of Medical and Technical Medicine (IMMT) is developing a comprehensive diagnostic method for the neuromuscular system, which will ultimately aid in the prevention and correction of age-related muscle weakness (sarcopenia). The work is being conducted as part of the project "Comprehensive Modulation of Neuroplasticity Reserves in Sarcopenia Correction," which is part of the strategic technology project "Center for the Integration of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics," supported by the Priority 2030 program.
The term "sarcopenia" comes from the Greek words sarcos (meat, flesh) and penia (deficiency). It refers to a progressive and systemic loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. It has now been established that it is not simply age-related muscle atrophy, a consequence of aging, but a clinically confirmed condition that can be diagnosed and treated. Sarcopenia can be caused not only by aging but also by other factors, including lifestyle, work habits, diet, and acute and chronic illnesses.
The project, implemented by NSU scientists, is based on the development and scientific substantiation of a neurocentric model for the prevention and correction of sarcopenia, based on the complex modulation of the central nervous system's neuroplasticity reserves, that is, mechanisms influencing the nervous system's ability to change structure and function in response to new experiences, learning, and changes in the environment.
NSU, with its proposed neurocentric model, is a pioneer not only in Russia but also in the post-Soviet space. Most research teams in our country and worldwide continue to develop strategies aimed directly at muscle tissue and its metabolism. The prevailing model views sarcopenia primarily as a localized muscle tissue problem, focusing on the study of mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular aging, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance.
The dominant model recognizes the role of the nervous system as a factor in pathogenesis, such as the decline in motor neurons and the deterioration of neuromuscular transmission with age. However, placing neuroplasticity at the center of research attention and therapeutic intervention is a fundamentally new approach, which constitutes its main scientific novelty and potential advantage.
"The uniqueness of the approach proposed at NSU lies in the fact that we view sarcopenia not only as a degenerative process in muscle tissue caused by diseases, conditions, or age, but also as a result of dysfunction of the central neuromuscular control mechanisms. From this perspective, the most promising approach is to study neuroplasticity, as it underlies the restoration and maintenance of motor function. Targeted correction of nervous system plasticity, for example, through cognitive-motor training, neurostimulation, or pharmacological interventions, can become a key element in developing effective strategies to combat sarcopenia," explained Daria Podchinenova, PhD, Deputy Director for Research at the NSU Institute of Medical and Medical Technologies.
In 2025, the first stage of the project resulted in the creation and patenting of a unique, Siberian-first structured database of key clinical and paraclinical markers of sarcopenia and body composition (the ratio of various body components—fat, lean mass, muscle, water, etc.), as well as a database of neuroimaging maps (brain images obtained using various imaging methods). The uniqueness of the assembled database lies in the fundamental expansion of the diagnostic research field. The database is not limited to standard sarcopenia indicators (muscle mass, grip strength, gait speed), but was developed for the comprehensive study of sarcopenia as a systemic process. Functional diagnostics, biochemistry, and cellular immunology data are integrated within a single platform. The database is intended to form the basis for a personalized approach to the diagnosis and management of sarcopenia. In total, it contains data from nearly 3,000 patients.
Based on the collected information, NSU scientists developed a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm for assessing the neuromuscular system and key methodological recommendations for the diagnosis and application of neuroplasticity modulation methods in sarcopenia prevention and correction programs for implementation in healthcare institutions and gerontology centers.
Also, in parallel, the necessary potential elements of the diagnostic complex are being developed – key neuromarkers (BDNF, galanin, beta-amyloid, tau protein, myokines: meteorin-like protein, irisin, myostatin, FGF-21, IGF-1 metabolites, insulin), neuroimaging markers and predictors, such as the volume of gray matter in the motor areas, the thickness of the precentral gyrus, indicating a decrease in neuroplasticity and associated with the risk of development and progression of sarcopenia.
"Thanks to projects like these, NSU is developing a new strategic direction within the personalized ("7P") medicine paradigm. A longitudinal observation system has been launched at the NSU Medical Center, collecting data from the same patients over a long period of time, and unique databases have been created. Students, residents, and young scientists from the NSU Institute of Medicine and Medical Technologies are participating in this work," said Maria Matveeva, MD, Associate Professor of the Department of Clinical Health Modeling and Personalized Medicine at the NSU Institute of Medical and Medical Technologies and the project manager.
The overall project is designed to last five years, and by 2030, the plan is to develop a method for comprehensive diagnostic assessment of the neuromuscular system, including MRI protocols, biomarker panels, and approaches to modulating neuroplasticity in comprehensive sarcopenia prevention and correction programs. These are planned to be tested at partner clinical centers—with whom collaboration agreements have already been concluded—in order to identify specific, most effective methods for modulating neuroplasticity.
Active longevity is a priority for Russian healthcare, so identifying and promptly addressing the factors that can limit age-related physical activity, reduce life expectancy, and impair quality of life is crucial. Furthermore, the guidelines being developed for diagnosing and modulating neuroplasticity will help reduce rehabilitation costs through early prevention of sarcopenia and associated diseases.
Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.