Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Every year on August 22, the Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation is celebrated. The holiday was established in 1994 by presidential decree.

The history of the tricolor is closely intertwined with the history of our country. It was first raised on the military ship "Orel" in 1668. Since 1705, by decree of Peter I, the tricolor banner was used on merchant ships.

During the reign of Alexander II, Russia had two flags: black-yellow-white was hung on government buildings, and white-blue-red – on holidays on private buildings. In 1883, Emperor Alexander III ordered that buildings be decorated exclusively with white-blue-red flags. In 1896, a special meeting at the Ministry of Justice determined that the flag of the empire should be considered white-blue-red.

In 1917, the Provisional Government retained this flag. In 1918, it was replaced by a red cloth.

In the modern history of Russia, the tricolor flag was first raised in Moscow on August 22, 1991, over the building of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR.

The flag of the Russian Federation is one of the most important state symbols. It unites all citizens of Russia, causing pride and reminding of the continuity of traditions.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Polytech in Focus. Visit of the St. Petersburg Scientific and Technological Development Team

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The key event in the 2025 schedule of off-site events is the visit of the NTR team to the country's leading technical university, which allowed them to discuss the prospects for the development of engineering science, determine priorities and highlight key challenges in the city's technological development. The event took place in the Kapitsa conference hall of the Technopolis Polytech Research Building. The participants were welcomed by the Vice-Governor of St. Petersburg Vladimir Knyaginin and the First Vice-Rector of SPbPU Vitaly Sergeev.

"The Government of St. Petersburg sees its key role in being a catalyst and a bridge between science and business," Vladimir Knyaginin addressed the meeting participants. "We create conditions for their effective interaction: we form a common technological agenda, support high-tech projects and help bring university developments to the industrial level. Such coordination allows us not only to generate breakthrough ideas, but also to implement them in real production, creating new products and strengthening our technological sovereignty."

The visit of the NTR team to the university confirms the importance and relevance of scientific and technological developments of our scientists. The dialogue in which the Polytechnic University acts as an integration platform is important for effective interaction between academic science, government and the real sector of the economy. We are confident that such synergy is a key factor in strengthening the scientific and technological sovereignty and competitiveness of the region, – emphasized the First Vice-Rector of SPbPU Vitaly Sergeev.

The heads of the university's flagship research departments presented the achievements of scientific and technological development in the field of engineering sciences.

Chief designer for the key scientific and technological development area of SPbPU "System Digital Engineering", director of the Advanced Engineering School of SPbPU "Digital Engineering" Alexey Borovkov presented the ecosystem of technological development of SPbPU, combining scientific, educational and engineering competencies to solve multidisciplinary problems for more than 10 high-tech industries: aircraft and UAV manufacturing, engine manufacturing, nuclear and oil and gas engineering, medical engineering, automotive manufacturing, railway transport, etc.

The digital platform for the development and application of digital twins CML-Bench® is the main tool for conducting breakthrough research, ensuring the capitalization of knowledge and competencies. The CML-Bench® Digital Platform currently presents more than 373 thousand digital and design solutions formed based on the results of work with leading industrial enterprises of Russia, – noted Alexey Borovkov.

Dmitry Bogdanov, Director of the Gazpromneft-Polytech Scientific and Educational Center, highlighted the center's key projects aimed at digitalizing the oil and gas industry and presented the results of developing a software package for the automated selection of optimal drilling targets.

"Our AI algorithm analyzes an array of geological and field data: residual oil-saturated thicknesses, reservoir pressure maps, the position of the flooding front," the speaker said. "This allows us to find promising zones and automatically place well trajectories in them with maximum economic effect, minimizing the routine work of experts."

He also demonstrated the results of mathematical modeling of hydraulic fracturing (HF) using a liquid foamed with gas. He emphasized that the 2D and 3D models developed by the center can significantly increase the sand-bearing capacity of the liquid and, as a result, increase the conductivity of the created cracks, which is critically important for efficient production from low-permeability reservoirs.

The delegation visited the laboratories and production sites of the university, where the director of the Scientific and Educational Center "Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Materials" Pavel Novikov gave a presentation on the main areas of research activities in the field of additive and laser technologies.

In his speech, Pavel Novikov focused on the triad of technological leadership: materials, technologies and production. He spoke about the development and production of new materials, in particular, high-entropy alloys and ceramics for rock-cutting tools, as well as intelligent materials with programmable properties.

The key element of the presentation was the demonstration of the domestic high-temperature layer-by-layer laser synthesis installation “VPLS Mercury”, developed jointly with ZAO Biograd (3DLam).

This installation, with a working area heated to 1300°C and a multi-laser system, allows us to manufacture gas turbine parts from heat-resistant alloys with characteristics superior to foreign analogues, Novikov said.

The guests were shown printed samples of a feather segment and a working blade.

Particular attention was paid to technologies for repair and restoration of critical components of power engineering. Using the example of repairing blades of gas turbine engines (GTE) Man Turbo and Mars100, it was clearly shown how laser cladding allows for the restoration of expensive parts made of alloys such as Mar-M-309, Inconel 792 and Mar-M 247, significantly extending their life cycle and reducing replacement costs.

Promising developments were also presented.

WAAM technology for printing large-sized parts, such as impellers and wheel rims, with high productivity (up to 6 kg/hour for titanium) and significant material savings. Creation of functionally graded and multimaterial parts, such as actuators made of NiTi (nitinol) alloy for the aerospace industry and combustion chambers for liquid rocket engines made of a combination of 316L and FeNi36 steels. Development of smart materials and structures, including antennas with specified properties and optimized cellular structures for medical implants.

"Our developments are not just scientific projects, they are ready-made solutions for industry," Pavel Novikov noted. "We not only create new materials and technologies, but also manufacture our own equipment: centers for direct laser growth and robotic complexes for electric arc growth, which allows us to offer customers a full cycle – from the idea to the finished product."

In conclusion, he noted that the future of additive manufacturing lies in the area of process intelligence using artificial intelligence, hybridization of methods and convergence of materials, which opens up new opportunities for critical industries such as aerospace, energy and medicine.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Brothers in Sap: How Polytechnic Unites First-Year Students

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

For the fourth year, the Polytechnic University has been holding a seminar for first-year students before the start of the academic year. charity SUP ride along the rivers and canals of St. Petersburg. To get there, you need to take part in a competition in the official Polytechnic group on VKontakte and hope for luck—chance chooses the winners.

From the moment the organizers — employees of the SPbPU Public Relations Department — invite the future rider on a water ride, his journey through the Polytechnic universe begins. Beginners do more than just ride boards. Meeting fellow SUP boarders, a shared adventure, funny moments and laughter, challenges and mutual assistance, emotions and impressions — all this together lays the foundation for student life and, perhaps, true friendship.

This time, the route for the walk was the same as last year: the Bolshoi and Maly Canals of Kamenny Island with an exit to the Bolshaya Nevka, Srednyaya Nevka and a return along Krestovka to the Bolshoi Canal. Before the start, there was a mandatory briefing from the SUP BRO company, a long-term partner of the Polytechnic University in this event. Then, the head of the SPbPU Public Relations Department, Marianna Dyakova, addressed the children with a short greeting. She said that the SUP walk is part of the Lepota ecosystem, which includes many different activities at the Polytechnic University: health events, meetings with celebrities in the discussion club "You have the floor!", and charity. Thus, the children learned that today's swimming is not just a pleasant event, but also a useful one: half of the funds that the Polytechnic University paid for the walk will go to the development National Registry of Bone Marrow Donors.

We are very happy to see active students, we have a lot of interesting things happening, come and visit us, – invited Marianna Dyakova.

After this, the guys went down to the water, with the help of instructors, settled down on the SUP boards and, having gotten used to it, continued to get to know each other.

— Is there anyone from technical fields?

– Oh, you're from the humanities too?

So, chatting and joking, they set off. This time, a cheerful and cheerful company gathered. The guys made everyone laugh, informal leaders and gentlemen were immediately identified, who showed concern for the girls – they took their SUPs in tow and pulled them along. This was especially useful when they reached the Bolshaya Nevka, along which boats were racing and river trams were driving, raising waves. The wind was also headwind, so they had to literally fight the elements. Having rested in front of the 1st Elagin Bridge, the company set off on the return journey.

Here is the finish. After such a difficult route, not everyone managed to get out of the water dry, so the first thing the guys did was change their clothes. And then the SUP BRO instructors invited them to drink hot tea with cookies, which was very welcome.

The rest of the evening was spent in friendly conversation at an improvised table. They chatted cheerfully, discussed their adventures on the water, remembered school, teachers, shared impressions of the past admission campaign, told how many points each person scored on the Unified State Exam, who got into which institute and what they would study. In general, one can say that the guys bonded over the SUP ride.

We also met some of them, and here is what they told us about themselves, their hobbies, and why they chose Polytechnic.

Vsevolod Bagmutov (St. Petersburg), entered the Humanities Institute: – I chose the Polytechnic for several reasons. Firstly, many of my acquaintances and friends studied at this university, so from their stories I formed a certain impression of it: there are many opportunities for development, high-quality education, a community of people who have similar goals as me. The specialty interested me because it is at the intersection of humanitarian and technical disciplines. It was at the Polytechnic that I managed to find a direction that covers both technical and humanitarian sciences. I have long wanted to try SUP riding, this is one of the reasons why I decided to participate. Another reason is that, when entering the Polytechnic, I told myself that I should use the opportunities of this university to the maximum and try different things.

Yulia Kalinina (Irkutsk), entered the Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology: – I have been to St. Petersburg several times, and each time I did not want to leave. I really like the atmosphere and architecture. I chose the Polytechnic University because it has a good reputation and interesting programs, and biotechnology because I wanted something indirectly related to medicine, but medical school is clearly not my thing. I had never ridden SUPs before, but I really wanted to try, which is why I decided to take part in the competition.

Yaroslav Makarov (Sosnovy Bor), Civil Engineering Institute: – Polytechnic is one of the most prestigious universities in St. Petersburg. I love the exact sciences, so I decided to enroll in an engineering specialty. In this regard, construction seems like a pretty promising industry. I tried to ride a SUP once. The invitation to participate in a swim sounded like a pretty interesting adventure, so I decided: why not? It was fun, really fun.

Alexey Pozharsky (Novotroitsk), entered the Physics and Mechanics Institute: – Having visited St. Petersburg as a child, I was fired up with the dream of going to study in this glorious city. As it turned out, the technical universities where I could go could be counted on one hand, so I chose the Polytechnic. I was interested in the huge number of student organizations with the opportunity for self-realization. I entered the applied mechanics department, because I like physics, especially the mechanics section, I am sure that studying will be interesting. I have been on a SUP a couple of times, and I liked it, it is a really fun activity. And I decided to participate because I wanted to have an interesting time and meet guys who also entered the Polytechnic.

Ksenia Tokareva (Zarechny, Penza Region), Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade: – I decided to come to study in St. Petersburg because last summer, when I visited this city for the first time, I realized that I wanted to come back here and live here. In the 10th grade, a representative of the Polytechnic University admissions committee came to our school and invited me to enroll. At that time, I was already interested in the Polytechnic University, and last summer I reviewed all the specialties again and realized that I would definitely enroll here in Economic Security. This specialty interested me because it combines both economics and law, two areas that interest me. I went SUPing several times. When I saw the post about the giveaway, I realized that this was a good chance to both go SUPing and meet other first-year students.

Mikhail Kryuchin (Volkhov), entered the Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Transport: – I was looking for a good technical university where I could get a quality education and continue my social activities. The Polytechnic turned out to be such a university. The specialty interested me because of its versatility; having received an engineering education, I will be able to find work in almost any industry and apply my special skills. I had a recent experience of riding SUPs, which left a pleasant impression, so I decided to compete for the opportunity to ride around the park islands in St. Petersburg.

Natasha Stefanyuk (Orsk), Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade: In 2021, my family and I visited wonderful St. Petersburg for the first time. Before that, I thought for a long time about where I wanted to go and what city to live in. After visiting St. Petersburg again in August 2024 and visiting the Polytechnic University, my mother and I fell in love with the city even more and chose the desired university – SPbPU. St. Petersburg captivates with its beauty, attracts with its climate and a huge number of interesting places, and the Polytechnic University – with a wide choice of activities and areas of study. I had no experience in SUP riding, so I decided to try my luck in the draw and was incredibly happy with its results.

Ivan Mozgov (Moscow), entered the Institute of Computer Science and Cybersecurity: – I decided to move to St. Petersburg, and Polytechnic University is one of the best technical universities in the city. I want to become a programmer/developer, and my specialty "Informatics and Computer Engineering" is a perfect fit. I had never ridden SUPs before, I accidentally saw a post about the competition and decided to participate. I had never won such competitions before, I was very happy and surprised when I found out about the victory.

Diana Zaichkina (Chita), entered the Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Transport: – I wanted to go to a place where they would give a quality education and where there are a lot of extracurricular activities to develop. I chose the specialty "Technology of transport processes", because I began to think about how the rules for transporting various cargo are created. I had never ridden a sap before, I decided to try it and at the same time meet the guys from the Polytechnic.

By the way, Diana did not fly from Chita alone. While she was riding the sapa, a support group was waiting for her on the shore – her mother Marina and boyfriend Georgy, who also entered the Polytechnic, in the IKNK. The children studied well at their native lyceum and with high scores for the Unified State Exam they flew to conquer Petersburg. Let them succeed. Like all our other first-year students.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Maxim Pasholikov: “The PoliKapital system will allow students to create an individual digital portfolio”

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The hero of the fifth issue of the video digest “Polytech in Priority” is the Vice-Rector for Information, Youth Policy and Security of SPbPU Maxim Pasholikov.

Maxim Aleksandrovich told what tasks the university structures that deal with youth policy face. What is the information and analytical system "PolyCapital"? How will the triad be built – employer-university-student? And why is it important to form a personal portfolio of each polytechnic student?

The series of informational video digests prepared by specialists of the Office of Technology Leadership is aimed at popularizing key scientific and technical areas and projects that receive support from the Priority 2030 program. Thanks to this, employees and interested people receive comprehensive information about the program areas, funded projects and their implementation.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Siberian Federal District Anatoly Seryshev visited the new campus of NSU

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Today, the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Siberian Federal District Anatoly Seryshev visited the building of the NSU flow auditoriums, which is one of the second-stage facilities new campus of NSU, being built as part of the national project "Youth and Children". He also familiarized himself with the developments of the university's innovation centers – Research Center in the Field of Artificial Intelligence, Advanced Engineering School, Center for New Functional Materials And Department of Aerospace ResearchMost developments are carried out in cooperation with industrial partners.

During the visit, Anatoly Seryshev emphasized that NSU is a recognized scientific and educational center not only in Siberia, but throughout the country:

— Here, in the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok, a special environment has been formed for decades, ensuring the closest interaction between higher education, fundamental and applied science. Today we saw the embodiment of the results of this cooperation at the university technology exhibition, — the plenipotentiary representative noted.

The Plenipotentiary Representative also drew attention to the high rate of construction of modern buildings on the university campus and their equipping with the latest equipment.

Among the developments presented by the university are video analytics detectors, which are an important element of the security system of modern urban space; a “digital core” project, an innovative tool for increasing the efficiency of extracting hard-to-recover oil and gas reserves; development, assembly and ground testing of orbital equipment based on its own modular satellite platform of the CubeSat format; development of technologies and materials with improved properties by adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to their structure.

Rector of NSU, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mikhail Fedoruk, spoke in more detail about the opportunities that the new campus opens up:

— The building of the flow auditoriums has a modern educational space: it houses a scientific library, a student project center, and coworking spaces. We have also significantly expanded the auditorium fund: the new building has four flow auditoriums, one of which is for 400 people, which is the largest auditorium at the university. Classes in the new building will begin on September 1.

The rector also presented preliminary results of the admissions campaign, focusing on the growth in the number of applications – by 17% this year. NSU maintains the highest passing score among non-capital universities – in 2025, the average USE score for the main competition for admission to budget places was 85. The university expanded its geography: this year, NSU admitted applicants from 64 regions (last year there were 58). Another feature of the current admissions campaign: the university has tripled the number of students enrolled under a separate quota (children of SVO participants) – up to 93 people from 21 subjects of the Russian Federation.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Ekaterina Tereshko: "It was a combo of economics, management and construction"

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Polytechnic University graduate and now research fellow and teacher Ekaterina Tereshko is a shining example of how one can simultaneously study at two institutes and be among the best, win grants and still work, defend a PhD thesis, and manage to do it all.

Is there a secret here? Maybe it is that our heroine likes it when there is a load for the mind and with each stage the level of difficulty increases? Read about this and much more inEkaterina's interview with the newspaper "Polytechnic".

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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August 22 — Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

August 22 is a special date for all citizens of Russia. On this day we celebrate the National Flag Day, which was officially established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1714 of August 20, 1994.

The history of state symbols begins in ancient times. When the first states appeared, the need for special signs that would personify the power and sovereignty of the country arose.

During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, Russian soldiers used the scarlet flag in battle. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the father of the future reformer Peter I, after whom the Polytechnic bears his name, approved a tricolor flag in 1667, consisting of white, blue and red stripes. It was first raised in 1668 on the military vessel Oryol.

In the early period of Peter I's reign, the predominant color of the banners remained red, and the canvases themselves were decorated with embroidery and decorative elements. In the summer of 1693, Peter I, while in Arkhangelsk, first raised the "flag of the Moscow Tsar" on the yacht "Saint Peter", decorated with white-blue-red stripes and a golden double-headed eagle. This flag is kept in the Central Naval Museum of St. Petersburg.

On January 20, 1705, Peter I issued a decree approving the tricolor as the flag of the Russian merchant fleet. The emperor drew the sample himself.

The appearance of the Russian flag changed several times. The double-headed eagle and St. Andrew's cross appeared on it, their location and composition changed. Only in 1709 was the tricolor without additional elements first documented, used as a flag for Russian merchant ships.

In 1858, Emperor Alexander II approved a new state flag of the empire – black, yellow and white, intended to decorate state institutions. At the same time, the traditional white, blue and red flag continued to be used for private homes and festive events. In 1865, a decree was issued officially proclaiming black, orange (gold) and white colors as state symbols of the Russian Empire.

On April 28, 1883, Alexander III issued a decree ordering the use of the white-blue-red flag as the state symbol for ceremonial occasions. The final approval of the tricolor as the state flag of Russia took place before the coronation of Nicholas II in 1896. However, already in April 1918, it was replaced by the red flag, which became the symbol of the RSFSR, and then the USSR.

A new milestone in the history of the Russian flag began on August 22, 1991, when the Supreme Council of the RSFSR decided to return the traditional tricolor flag as the official state symbol.

Today, everyone who sincerely loves their homeland, is proud of its history and achievements, who feels personal responsibility for its future, strives for its development and prosperity, pays tribute to the symbol of our state.

Happy holiday, Polytechnicians, Happy Russian National Flag Day!

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Congratulations on the Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation!

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Official website of the State –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

For the first time in the modern history of Russia, the modern tricolor was raised over the Government House on August 22, 1991. It replaced the red banner of the USSR with a hammer and sickle, but at the same time became a direct successor to the flag of the Russian Empire. And the very first white-blue-red flag fluttered on the Russian military ship "Orel" during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, but it is unknown exactly what it looked like. Later, Peter I officially approved the tricolor as the flag of the Russian merchant fleet, while personally drawing its sample. It became the national flag at the very beginning of the reign of Nicholas II.

There is no official interpretation of the meaning of the colors of the Russian flag. Usually they say that white means freedom, peace or purity, blue – faith, loyalty or honesty, red – strength, courage or blood shed for the Motherland. As the Deputy Minister of Science and Higher Education Olga Petrova aptly noted, the tricolor is the DNA of a Russian, so it seems to us that everyone can interpret its colors in accordance with their personal feelings and preferences. The main thing is not to disgrace its honor.

Congratulations on the National Flag Day to all citizens of Russia! Let it inspire us, unite our hearts and give us confidence in all our endeavors.

Subscribe to the TG channel “Our GUU” Date of publication: 08/22/2025

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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NSU scientist discovers new class of compounds affecting global carbon cycle

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The discovery of a new class of chemical compounds, the study of general trends in the change of the atomic structures of carbonates was the result of a ten-year study conducted by Associate Professor Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk State University Pavel Gavryushkin.

Back in November, the scientist successfully defended his doctoral dissertation "Crystal chemistry of carbonates under extreme pressures and temperatures based on the results of a comprehensive theoretical and experimental study." The defense took place at the Academic Council of Lomonosov Moscow State University and was the result of a comprehensive study that combined the efforts of both Russian and foreign theorists and experimenters. In June, the diploma conferring the academic degree of Doctor of Chemical Sciences to Pavel Gavryushkin was personally presented by the rector of Moscow State University, Academician Viktor Antonovich Sadovnichy.

Subduction is a geological process in which one oceanic plate moves (geologists say "dives") under a continental plate, thus sinking into the depths of the Earth's mantle. This process occurs in deep-sea trenches that run along the boundaries of continents.

It is difficult to establish exactly how deep this submersion occurs; available geophysical and geochemical data indicate that subducting oceanic plates can reach the lower mantle and even the mantle-core boundary. During this submersion, carbonates deposited on the surfaces of oceanic plates experience enormous pressures of up to 125 GPa and temperatures of up to 300 K. At such pressures, minerals undergo a variety of phase transformations, including melting and decomposition; the resulting carbon dioxide can return to the atmosphere during the eruption of volcanoes in island-arc complexes that form along the boundaries of subduction zones. Due to the extremely high pressures and temperatures, the study of these transitions requires special equipment or special modeling methods, which are usually performed on supercomputers.

— As part of my research, I set a goal — to determine how the atomic structures of carbonates will change under high pressures and temperatures. The structures they have in near-surface conditions are well known and have been studied for over 100 years, but what happens to it in the Earth's mantle, especially in its lower horizons, has only recently begun to be studied, and many questions remained. But to establish this, it is necessary to either compress and heat a carbonate sample to high pressures and temperatures, or simulate the process on a computer. The first option is expensive, labor-intensive and requires the use of synchrotrons, presses, diamond cells, etc. The second method also has its limitations, but it is still more flexible and less expensive. As part of my dissertation, I both performed calculations and conducted experiments. Several times I managed to implement an ideal scheme, when the calculation yields a very interesting result and it is precisely confirmed in the experiment. This does not always happen, but it cannot be said that it is rare. In general, the theory and calculations have now reached a high level of reliability, and if everything is done correctly, they can be trusted when planning an experiment. In particular, with the help of calculations, we were able to consider a wide range of carbonates, including Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, which allowed us to generalize the general patterns of structural changes that occur at high pressures to them, – said Pavel Gavryushkin.

The research was conducted over a period of 10 years, some experiments, especially those involving synchrotron radiation, were conducted jointly with foreign colleagues from Japan, Slovenia, Sweden, the USA and Germany. Breakthrough results in the synthesis of orthocarbonates predicted by the scientist were obtained jointly with colleagues from Goethe University (Germany, Frankfurt am Main) and the GFZ center (Potsdam). As part of this study, Pavel Gavryushkin and his colleagues showed that in the high-pressure region, carbonates can react with oxides, yielding orthocarbonates. This was predicted by theoretical methods and subsequently confirmed in numerous experiments.

— It was possible to establish that in carbonates, under high pressure and high temperature, a rearrangement of atoms occurs, somewhat similar to that which occurs when graphite is transformed into diamond. In carbonate, as in graphite, carbon has a triangular coordination, and in orthocarbonate, as in diamond, it has a tetrahedral coordination. We assume that the reaction of formation of orthocarbonates, in particular magnesium orthocarbonate, can not only be carried out in idealized laboratory conditions, but can also take place in the deep shells of the Earth, fundamentally influencing the global carbon cycle.

The use of computational methods allowed us to move purposefully in setting up the experiment and concentrate on promising results. New phases stable at high pressures were discovered for CaCO3, SrCO3, BaCO3, PbCO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3 and FeCO3, the possibility of forming orthocarbonates as a result of the reaction of carbonates and oxides in the region of high pressures and temperatures was shown, and the existence of pyrocarbonate structures of CaC2O5 and BaC2O5 and orthooxalate for FeC2O5 was revealed. Pavel Gavryushkin's colleagues noted the novelty of this study for high-pressure crystallography and its significant contribution to modern crystal chemistry of inorganic compounds, which was enriched with examples of new types of structures containing orthooxalate [O3C–CO3] groups, pyrocarbonate [C2O5] groups, and tetrahedral [CO4] groups.

— In the theoretical part of the study, first-principles methods of structure prediction based on evolutionary approaches and random structure generation were used to determine the structure of high-pressure phases and construct their phase diagrams. Energy optimization in all cases was carried out within the framework of the density functional theory. The lattice dynamics method within the quasi-harmonic approximation was used to calculate the Gibbs free energies. The dynamic stability of the phases was estimated by calculating the phonon dispersion curves. In some cases, molecular dynamics modeling was also carried out. The VASP, USPEX, Phonopy, and ToposPro software packages were used to conduct the research. All this together allowed for a reliable prediction of new structures stable at high pressures, — the scientist said.

The main part of the experiments on the synthesis of the predicted structures was carried out at high pressures using the synchrotron radiation sources Spring8 (Japan), APS (USA), DESY (Germany) and the Siberian Center for Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation (Russia). The experiments were carried out in diamond cells and in multi-punch apparatuses.

X-ray diffraction analysis of powder and single-crystal samples, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to diagnose phases in the high-pressure region. Sample compositions were determined using microprobe analysis and scanning electron microscopy.

— The data we have obtained expands the existing knowledge about the global processes that occur in the depths of our planet. Now we know more about what happens to carbonates when they are immersed to depth. Man has so far managed to drill only to a depth of 12.2 km. This is the depth of the Kola Superdeep Borehole. In our calculations and experiments, we went to a depth of 3,000 km and made a forecast of what might happen to carbonates there. It is possible to study the structure of the Earth using seismic methods, shining sound waves through the thickness of the earth. These methods say very little about the properties of the substance and say nothing about its composition and structure. This information must be obtained from an experiment, from a calculation, or from natural samples. Each of these sources of information has both serious advantages and serious disadvantages, and only their combined use can truly expand our knowledge of the structure of the Earth. I hope that the theoretical and experimental data I have obtained will allow us to at least make a little progress on this path, — concluded Pavel Gavryushkin.

Material prepared by: Elena Panfilo, NSU press service

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Media students from both countries unite on the shores of Issyk-Kul

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University –

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The III Russian-Kyrgyz Student Media Forum was successfully held on the shore of the picturesque Issyk-Kul Lake in Kyrgyzstan. Organized by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation with the support of RTU MIREA, it brought together 100 active representatives of student media from 11 Russian and 6 Kyrgyz universities. The forum was opened by the Minister of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation Valery Falkov and the Minister of Science, Higher Education and Innovation of the Kyrgyz Republic Baktiyar Orozov.

In his speech, Valery Falkov noted: Modern media communications are a profession, a type of human activity that has always attracted people. Here you will not only improve your professional skills, exchange experience, but also meet guys who represent different universities in Russia and Kyrgyzstan. You will make new friends, new good acquaintances for life.

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University was represented at the forum by students of the Humanities Institute Yuri Gres, Ekaterina Esipova and Leila Makarevich.

Ekaterina Esipova shared her impressions: The Media Forum is a wonderful opportunity for cultural and professional exchange between students. The exchange of experience takes place not only between students from Russia and Kyrgyzstan, but also between universities in each country. Russian students from St. Petersburg, Moscow, Krasnoyarsk and Lugansk attended the forum. We listened to lectures from specialists in journalism and culture, worked on group projects on technological leadership, and in our free time enjoyed nature on the beach of Lake Issyk-Kul, which can rightfully be called a place of power.

The main theme of the forum — “Technological Leadership” — was reflected in the rich program. For three days, the participants, who were divided into eight teams, worked on creating joint international projects. As a result, each team presented a media product, and the expert jury determined the winners.

The first place was taken by the team "Mediasila", which included students from Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Kyrgyz State Technical University and Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University. The winners will present their ideas at the media forum "Heart of Russia" in Krasnoyarsk.

Arina Martynova, Ambassador of the Russian Language, specialist in youth work at the A.S. Pushkin State Institute of the Russian Language, spoke at the forum, presenting the “Ambassadors of the Russian Language” program for the development of international cooperation and the promotion of the Russian language and culture through game and interactive forms.

Also, Artem Belyaev, senior lecturer of the Department of Information and Computing Technologies of KRSU, gave his lecture on the topic "Modern Technologies and Information Culture". The speaker talked about key trends in the development of digital technologies and their impact on the media industry, paying special attention to the practical application of neural networks. Using ChatGPT as an example, Artem Aleksandrovich showed how to create programming projects, evaluate the accuracy of the results and check them, giving the participants valuable recommendations on the use of modern digital tools in journalism and media.

The media forum became an important platform for exchanging experiences and launching joint initiatives in the field of modern media and digital communications. Its holding confirmed the growing role of youth projects in the development of technological leadership and international cooperation.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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