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October 23, 2025 International law

UN Secretary-General António Guterres welcomed the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice, which reaffirms a number of Israel's fundamental obligations under international law.

The Court emphasized that Israel, as the occupying power, has an obligation to provide the population of the Palestinian territory with basic necessities. In cases where the population is experiencing food shortages, as was the case in the Gaza Strip, Israel is obligated to accept and facilitate appropriate aid programs, including those of the United Nations.

The Court confirmed that, under international humanitarian law, Israel is obliged to protect relief personnel, to respect the prohibition of forced displacement and deportation of civilians and the prohibition of starvation as a method of warfare, and to respect the right of persons in detention to be visited by representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

The International Court also noted the role of the UN, including the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), in providing humanitarian assistance in the Gaza Strip and supporting the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, and reaffirmed Israel's obligation as a Member State to cooperate with the UN and UNRWA.

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The International Court of Justice ordered Israel to provide humanitarian aid in the Palestinian territories.

"The Secretary-General urges Israel to comply with its obligations regarding the presence and activities of the United Nations and other humanitarian organizations in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, in accordance with the [Court's] advisory opinion," said a statement issued by his spokesman on behalf of the UN chief.

The UN chief emphasized that all parties must abide by their obligations under international law. He will transmit the advisory opinion to the General Assembly, which requested the document. This UN body will decide on further action on this matter. The Court's opinion will be crucial in improving the tragic situation in the Gaza Strip, the Secretary-General noted in his statement.

"Israel and all other States must abide by the law, as the Court's ruling makes clear, and act swiftly to significantly improve the appalling human rights and humanitarian situation on the ground," said UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk.

"Other parties to the conflict must also comply with their obligations under international law. This begins with saving lives, not putting them at serious risk," he added.

The United Nations will continue to provide humanitarian assistance to the population of the occupied Palestinian territory, stressed Antonio GuterresThe Secretary-General reiterated his call for a credible political path to ending the occupation and leading to a two-State solution.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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October 23, 2025 Peace and security

After two years of devastating war in Gaza, an opportunity has emerged to close a dark chapter in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and chart a path to a more just and peaceful future. This was stated by Ramiz Alakbarov, Deputy Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process, speaking at a Security Council meeting on Thursday.

He said the suffering of Palestinians and Israelis will leave a mark on generations, and the situation for civilians in the occupied Palestinian territory remains dire.

A fragile truce

"The devastation in Gaza is beyond words," the rapporteur said. "Civilians, including children, women, and men, continue to suffer the consequences of war and deprivation." The UN representative also recalled that the bodies of dead Israeli hostages remain in Gaza, where their families are waiting "in agony" for the return of their loved ones' remains.

Alakbarov emphasized that the ceasefire gives hope, but the situation remains extremely volatile. "A return to conflict must be avoided at all costs. The remaining bodies of the deceased hostages must be returned without further delay. Humanitarian aid must be delivered to the Strip in full to meet the enormous needs of the residents where they are located," he noted, calling on all parties to strictly adhere to their obligations under the agreement.

Humanitarian principles

The Deputy Special Coordinator said that following the ceasefire's entry into force, the UN and its partners promptly increased humanitarian efforts in Gaza.

He said the UN is implementing a 60-day plan aimed at simplifying customs procedures, expanding delivery routes, ensuring the safe movement of humanitarian personnel, and restoring key services.

According to UN data, the volume of aid arriving in Gaza in the first week after the ceasefire increased by 46 percent, but according to Alakbarov, “this is still not enough" He called for opening more transitions to enter the enclave, ensure safe humanitarian corridors, a constant supply of fuel, and the ability of organizations to operate in accordance with humanitarian principles.

Restoring order

The UN representative also expressed concern about the ongoing violence in Gaza, which "undermines humanitarian efforts and threatens stability." He emphasized the need to restore public order as a key step in improving the humanitarian situation.

The speaker also noted that this the restoration process in the enclave The UN, he said, is ready to facilitate the coordination of these efforts with the Palestinian Authority, international partners, civil society, and the private sector, in accordance with the ceasefire commitments, the New York Declaration, and the Arab Recovery and Reconstruction Plan.

International law

Alakbarov also recalled that International Court of Justice October 22 issued an advisory opinion, which stated that Israel is obligated to fulfill its obligations under international law, ensure humanitarian access and cooperate with the UN.

Speaking about the situation in the West Bank, he noted that tens of thousands of Palestinians have been displaced by Israeli security operations. "Palestinians must be allowed to return to their homes, and the local economy must function," Alakbarov said. He also condemned settler violence against Palestinian farmers. during the olive harvest.

In addition, the Deputy Special Coordinator drew attention to the dire financial situation of the Palestinian Authority, which, according to him, is unable to receive approximately three billion dollars in tax revenues withheld by Israel.

Peace process

Concluding his speech, he emphasized that the peace process is at a "decisive but fragile stage." According to Alakbarov, President Trump's 20-point plan and the declaration signed at the Sharm el-Sheikh Peace Summit paved the way for ending the war. Furthermore, the upcoming Cairo Reconstruction Conference, co-hosted by Egypt, the Palestinian Authority, and the UN, will be an important platform for advancing Gaza's reconstruction efforts.

"The international community has in recent weeks reaffirmed its commitment to a sustainable end to the wider Israeli-Palestinian conflict," the rapporteur noted.

The UN, he said, will continue to support all efforts aimed at ending the occupation and realizing the solution of two states – Israel and Palestine, including Gaza – living side by side in peace and security within the pre-1967 borders, with Jerusalem as the capital of both states.

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October 22, 2025 Peace and security

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in the Occupied Palestinian Territory has warned of an alarming increase in violence by Israeli settlers and security forces against Palestinian farmers as the olive harvest season begins in the West Bank.

In the first half of 2025, 757 attacks by Israeli settlers resulting in casualties or property damage were recorded. This is 13 percent more than in the same period last year.

“Just two weeks into the harvest, we have witnessed brutal attacks by armed settlers against Palestinian men, women, children and foreign activists expressing solidarity with them,” said Ajit Sungai, head of the OHCHR office in the occupied Palestinian territory, on Wednesday.

Crop loss, land destruction

According to OHCHR, during the 2023 harvest season, approximately 9,600 hectares of olive groves remained uncultivated, resulting in losses of over $10 million for Palestinian farmers. This trend continued into 2024.

"Direct land destruction is intensifying," Sungai emphasized. "Settlers are burning plantations, cutting down olive trees with chainsaws, and destroying homes and agricultural infrastructure."

According to the UN, more than 1,000 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli forces or settlers in the West Bank since October 2023. Thousands of families have been forced to flee their homes due to attacks, restrictions on movement, and house demolitions.

The economic foundation of rural communities

"The olive tree here is more than just a tree," Sungai noted. "It represents the livelihood and traditions of our ancestors, resilience and economics, and a historical thread connecting Palestinians to the land."

According to him, approximately 100,000 Palestinian families depend on the olive harvest for their livelihoods. Thus, these plantations represent "the economic foundation of rural communities."

Ajit Sungai warned that the surge in settler violence comes "against the backdrop of Israel's accelerated territorial acquisition," with officials openly declaring their intention to annex the entire West Bank.

He recalled that Israel is "legally obligated to end the occupation and reverse the annexation" and called on UN member states to exert maximum pressure to protect civilians and bring to justice those responsible for "decades of violations."

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October 22, 2025 UN

The main news of the day at the UN and around the world: the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on Israel's obligations as an occupying power, a powerful wave of attacks across Ukraine, a Security Council meeting on Syria, and the Seville forum on debt issues.

The International Court of Justice on Israel's obligations

International Court of Justice The Court issued an advisory opinion on Israel's obligations as an occupying power with respect to the presence and activities of the UN and other international organizations in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. It affirmed that Israel is obligated to comply with international humanitarian law, including providing the population with food, water, shelter, fuel, medical care, and other essential means of survival. The Court also ruled that Israel must "accept and facilitate by all possible means humanitarian operations," including the activities of UN agencies.

A powerful wave of attacks across Ukraine

On Wednesday, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported a new wave of powerful overnight attacks across the country, killing and wounding civilians, including children. The strikes primarily targeted the capital, Kyiv. In Kharkiv, residential buildings, a school, and a kindergarten were damaged. Civilian infrastructure, including energy and port facilities, was damaged in several other regions. The Ukrainian Ministry of Energy confirmed that the attacks affected energy infrastructure nationwide, causing power outages. Water supply disruptions were also reported.

Security Council meeting on Syria

Speaking at a Security Council meeting on Wednesday, Najat Roshdi, Deputy Special Envoy to Syria, emphasized the need for urgent steps to ensure an inclusive transformation in the country, particularly with regard to the political participation of women and members of ethnic and religious minorities. Despite President Ahmed al-Shara's promises to form an "inclusive transitional government," women are underrepresented in government: of the 119 elected members of the Transitional People's Assembly, only six are women. Their representation in other government bodies also remains minimal.

Seville Debt Forum

In Geneva, where the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD-16) is currently taking place, the Seville Debt Forum has launched. It aims, with UN support, to help developing countries overcome the burden of their sovereign debt. Currently, more than three billion people worldwide live in countries that spend more on debt than on healthcare or education. The forum, led by Spain, will become a new hub for dialogue, bringing together all stakeholders—creditors, borrowers, international financial institutions, and academia—to find innovative solutions. The UN, represented by UNCTAD and the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, will provide expert support.

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