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The Eldar Cinema and Concert Hall invites you to the concert "Once Upon a Time in Cinema"—a journey through the treasure trove of world film music. On International Cinema Day, renowned musicians—pianist Basinia Shulman and violinist Elena Revich—will perform works from award-winning films that have made cinema history.
The program includes: Leonard Bernstein, Ennio Morricone, Henry Mancini, Michel Legrand, George Gershwin, Charlie Chaplin, Isaak Dunaevsky, Dmitry Shostakovich, Georgy Sviridov and others.
The program is subject to change.
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Where does nuclear energy come from? The scientific basis of nuclear energy
What's what in the nuclear sphere?
Learn more about nuclear energy in this article about how a nuclear power plant works, what the nuclear fuel cycle is, and what key nuclear energy challenges the IAEA addresses.
November 5, 2025
Andrea Galindo, IAEA Office of Public Information and Communication
Nuclear energy is a form of energy released from the nucleus—the central part of atoms, consisting of protons and neutrons. This energy can be generated by two physical processes: fission, when atomic nuclei split into several pieces, and fusion, when nuclei fuse together.
Nuclear energy, used worldwide today to generate electricity, is generated through nuclear fission, while fusion-based electricity generation technology is still in the research and experimental development phase. In this article, we will focus on nuclear fission. You can learn more about nuclear fusion from this article.
What is nuclear fission?
Graphic: A. Vargas/IAEA
Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing energy.
For example, when a neutron strikes a uranium-235 atom, the nucleus splits into a barium nucleus, a krypton nucleus, and two or three more neutrons. These additional neutrons collide with other nearby uranium-235 nuclei, which also split and generate additional neutrons, resulting in a chain reaction within a fraction of a second.
Each time such a reaction is accompanied by the release of energy in the form of heat and radiationJust as heat from fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil is used to generate electricity, a nuclear power plant can convert this thermal energy into electricity.
How does a nuclear power plant work?
In a nuclear power plant reactor, a nuclear chain reaction is localized and controlled using appropriate equipment, most often using uranium-235 fuel, which produces heat through fission. This heat is used to heat the reactor coolant, typically water, to produce steam. The steam is then directed to turbines, causing them to rotate and activating an electric generator, producing electricity without carbon dioxide emissions.
Read more about the different types of nuclear power reactors at this page.
Pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are the most widely used nuclear reactors worldwide. Image: A. Vargas/IAEA
Uranium mining, enrichment and utilization
Uranium is a metal found in rocks throughout the world. Uranium has several natural occurrences. isotopes, which are forms of the element that differ in mass and physical properties but have the same chemical properties. Uranium has two primordial isotopes: uranium-238 and uranium-235. Uranium-238 accounts for the majority of the world's uranium but is incapable of undergoing a fission chain reaction, while uranium-235 can be used to generate energy through fission but accounts for less than 1 percent of the world's uranium reserves.
To increase the fissionability of natural uranium, the amount of uranium-235 it contains must be increased through a process called uranium enrichment. After enrichment, uranium can be used effectively for three to five years as nuclear fuel in nuclear power plants. After this period, it remains radioactive and must be disposed of in accordance with strict regulations to protect people and the environment. Used fuel, known as spent fuel, can also be reprocessed into other types of fuel, which can be used as new fuel for specialized nuclear power plants.
What is the nuclear fuel cycle?
The nuclear fuel cycle is a multi-stage production process necessary for generating electricity using uranium in nuclear power reactors. This cycle begins with uranium mining and ends with the disposal of radioactive waste.
Nuclear waste
Nuclear power plant operations generate waste with varying levels of radioactivity. Depending on the level of radioactivity and the final purpose, different waste management strategies are used. For more information on this topic, watch the animated video below.
Radioactive waste management
Radioactive waste accounts for a small share of total waste. It is a byproduct of millions of medical procedures performed each year, industrial and agricultural radiation use, and the operation of nuclear reactors, which produce approximately 10 percent of the world's electricity. This animated video explains how radioactive waste is managed to protect people and the environment from radiation today and in the future.
When operating the next generation of nuclear power plants based on so-called innovative advanced reactors much less will be formed nuclear wastethan today's reactors. Construction of such plants is expected to begin closer to 2030.
Nuclear energy and climate change
Nuclear energy is a low-carbon energy source because, unlike power plants burning coal, oil, or natural gas, nuclear power plants produce virtually no CO2 during operation. Nuclear power plants generate nearly a third of the world's carbon-free electricity and are crucial to achieving climate change goals.
The IAEA establishes international norms and guidelines for the safe and secure use of nuclear energy to protect people and the environment and promotes their implementation. The IAEA supports existing and new nuclear power programs worldwide by offering technical assistance and knowledge management services. Following milestone approachThe IAEA provides essential technical expertise and advice to countries decommissioning their nuclear facilities. As part of its activities in the field guarantees and verification The IAEA ensures that nuclear materials and technologies are not diverted from peaceful uses to other purposes. It provides a methodological framework for organizing the necessary activities throughout the entire life cycle of nuclear energy production, from uranium mining to the construction, maintenance, and decommissioning of nuclear power plants and nuclear waste management. peer review missions and advisory services under the supervision of the IAEA. The IAEA manages the stockpile. low-enriched uranium (LEU) in Kazakhstan, which can be used in case of emergency by countries urgently needing supplies of LEU for peaceful purposes.
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Developing a prototype of the "Healthy Arctic" app, attending expert lectures, and giving a presentation on orphan diseases to schoolchildren. Third-year General Medicine student Yulia Ivanova had a busy schedule at the All-Russian Forum of Young Scientists "Pole," which was held in Arkhangelsk at the Rosmolodezh Year-Round Youth Educational Center.
We spoke with Yulia to find out more about the project she was working on at the forum, whether it will be developed further, and whether the students enjoyed her lecture.
Describe the atmosphere of the event. What was most memorable: the lectures, the interaction with experts, the case study?
The atmosphere was conducive to collaboration. The lectures with invited experts were the most memorable. At the plenary sessions, science popularization was discussed from a variety of perspectives—from scientists, journalists, inventors, and science organizers. It was truly interesting and useful to hear everyone's perspective. Controversial discussions often arose, but that's precisely what makes plenary sessions so interesting. Arkhangelsk, Lomonosov's birthplace, was also very memorable. I even had the chance to visit Yagry Island and see the White Sea.
How did the project work unfold? How was the topic chosen and the teams determined?
Each case involved 2-3 teams of 5-6 people. Case assignments were based on the interests each participant indicated during the forum selection process, while team assignments were random. We were assisted by a mentor, who guided the group's work. In my team, we divided the tasks according to relevant expertise: I worked on statistics and the medical rationale for the solution, while the other participants programmed an app aimed at preserving the health of Arctic residents.
What was the main problem of the case, what key tasks did you need to solve?
We were tasked with proposing a solution for the case "Creating an Integrated Health Monitoring and Prevention System for the Arctic Zone." The challenge was driven by the high morbidity rate (40-50% higher than the Russian average). The region's challenges included low access to medical care in remote communities, a shortage of medical personnel and their professional isolation, and environmental risks due to industrial pollution. My team was tasked with developing a comprehensive health monitoring and prevention system for residents of the Arctic zone. The service needed to take into account the region's specific needs and ensure early detection of diseases, timely prevention, effective management of medical resources, and increased access to medical care.
The task was quite challenging, but very interesting. It was truly rewarding to delve into a new area I hadn't considered before. There was plenty of time to solve the case; the teamwork was divided into three two- to three-hour periods on different days of the forum.
The mentor provided us with all the necessary information to solve the case—articles, methodological manuals, and statistics. However, in some areas (such as disease statistics), it was difficult to find up-to-date information on the Arctic zone, as research in this area is often conducted not comprehensively, but on specific segments of the population—for example, industrial workers.
What was the result?
We created a prototype of the "Healthy Arctic" app, focused on coordinated patient and physician collaboration and the timely transfer of information to the healthcare system. Our solution was based on the 5P Medicine concept (Predictiveness, Prevention, Personalization, Precision, Participatory). Our development prospects included expanding the app's functionality (synchronization with electronic devices), enhancing the capabilities of emergency notification systems for loved ones, scaling it up in the Northwestern Federal District, and implementing it in other regions. We also planned to implement a robotic system to enable remote medical examinations.
Will your development continue after the forum?
My team is considering this opportunity, and we also received a recommendation from a mentor. We plan to refine the project and participate in a hackathon on a similar topic.
Why do you think public health has become a key issue for Arctic development? Is it a matter of national security or, primarily, a humanitarian one?
The Arctic zone highly values human capital, as the speed of Russia's development in the region depends on the health and well-being of its people. The USSR actively conducted research on this topic, and Russia is also conducting scientific work in this area. The harsh climate, dietary and environmental conditions pose challenges for the human body, which scientists must help address.
What challenges to human health exist in the Arctic zone that are not relevant to other regions of Russia?
Climate conditions include extremely low temperatures, a lack of sunlight, which leads to vitamin D deficiency due to the polar night and day, disrupted circadian rhythms, and fluctuating atmospheric pressure. The region also has its own unique dietary patterns—a shortage of fresh fruits and vegetables, and vitamin deficiencies. And I can't help but note the difficulty accessing medical care, which is made more difficult by poor weather conditions.
What about participating in the forum as an expert? How did you get invited to give a lecture?
For almost a year now, I've been an intern at the Coordinating Council for Youth Affairs in Science and Education of the Presidential Council for Science and Education of the Russian Federation. I was invited to the forum to develop one of the intern program's areas. The project is currently under development, so I can't go into detail about all its aspects. However, at the forum, we piloted one of its components—master lectures on science for schoolchildren. I gave a lecture on orphan diseases, as we found it one of the most interesting and controversial. Some of the students had never heard of such diseases and learned about them at the forum. Overall, the students were quite active, asking many questions not only about the lecture topic but also about the development of science in educational institutions, and proposing their own ideas for improving the modern education system.
How useful did you find the Pole forum?
Here, I was able to interact with a large number of scientists and science communicators, generating new ideas for the development of science at RUDN University's Institute of Medicine. For me personally, the forum was extremely useful. I met with experts who had previously been inaccessible to me and learned more about current research areas in Russia.
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The Moscow Museum of Modern Art on Gogolevsky Boulevard invites you to take guided tours as part of the "Echo Limit" project.
The exhibition's creator, artist Elena Sharganova, will discuss her creative methods and the inspiration behind her work. Visitors will learn how she explores the connection between individual memories and the history of a place that was once the center of mining culture. The tour will feature artworks created specifically for this exhibition and the personal stories of those whose profession shaped the region for decades. The clash of dreams for the future and the reality of a bygone era will be explored through unique objects, photographs, and installations.
To participate, you must additionally purchase an entrance ticket to the museum.
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Once again, the State University of Management will hospitably open its doors to applicants, their parents, and anyone who wants to see how our university community lives and breathes.
We invite you to discover the world of vibrant student life—our consultants are ready to share all the details about:
The 2026 admissions process; departments, institutes, and educational programs; the specifics of studying at SUM and extracurricular activities from the students' perspective; and research and in-depth academic education at SUM from the perspective of faculty.
All this awaits you on Sunday, November 16, from 11:00 am at the GUU Business Center at 99 Ryazansky Prospekt (Vykhino metro station).
All you have to do is register and come to us.
Come with your friends, let's meet at GUU!
Subscribe to the tg channel “Our State University” Announcement date: 11/5/2025
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Moscow schoolchildren have won the All-Russian "Big Change" competition. Sergei Sobyanin announced this on his channel.MAX messenger.
"Twenty-five students from grades 8-10 emerged as the best. Another 86 Muscovites received awards. Congratulations to these students on such an excellent result! I hope their studies continue to bring them pleasure, curiosity, and pride in their knowledge," the Moscow Mayor wrote.
The competition took place from November 1st to 5th at the Artek International Children's Center. Schoolchildren solved intellectual problems and case studies from competition partners and participated in various educational programs and master classes.
To reach the finals, the students had to complete three online stages and an in-person semifinal. In honor of the Year of Defender of the Fatherland and the 80th anniversary of the Great Victory, many of the tasks were dedicated to the memory of generations.
Moscow was represented at Artek by 111 finalists. The Moscow team was among the top performers in the competition. The finalists will receive additional points toward their university application portfolios and up to one million rubles for education and startups. Their mentor teachers will receive cash prizes and the opportunity to participate in an educational program.
The country's largest children's competition, "Big Change," has been held since 2020. Millions of schoolchildren and college students from across Russia participate.
Subscribe to Sergei Sobyanin's official channels on messengers MAX And Telegram.
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Source: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University –
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The Polytechnic University team performed brilliantly in the St. Petersburg Student Football Cup and confidently reached the final, defeating their opponents one after another.
The final match took place on October 28, where our football players faced the team from the St. Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design.
The match ended 1-1 in regulation time. The fate of the trophy was decided in a penalty shootout, where the Polytechnicians demonstrated resilience and fortitude, securing victory.
Andrey Ivashnev was named the final's best player. The Black Bears defender scored a key equalizer 10 minutes before the end of regulation time, and in the penalty shootout, he fired a precise shot into the top right corner of the net.
Danil Subbotin also became the star of the penalty shootout, skillfully parrying his opponent's shot.
SPbPU team head coach Stepan Verbitsky noted that the team's success was due to a strong team spirit, self-confidence, and a thorough approach to every aspect of the game. Thanks to this, our players were able to overcome the difficulties of the group stage and reach their peak form precisely when it mattered most.
Photo: Football Federation of Saint Petersburg
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The Museum of Moscow will host the 10th scientific and practical conference "Museum in the City – City in the Museum." The topic is "The Space of Museum Knowledge and the Territory of Experiences." Participants will discuss how museums, while transforming into spaces of experience, retain their scientific function. The program includes discussions, lectures, panel sessions, and project sessions.
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The Marina Tsvetaeva House-Museum invites you to the play "I Can't Get Used to Myself." It was staged based on the works and biography of Valentin Rasputin for Denis Matsuev's "Stars on Baikal" festival (2018) and performed in the writer's birthplace, Irkutsk.
The performance will offer a fresh look at Valentin Rasputin. It will feature excerpts from the writer's works, including "Live and Love," "Ivan's Daughter—Ivan's Mother," "Vision," "What to Tell the Crow?", "The Last Term," and "Natasha." Additionally, the audience will hear Valentin Rasputin's journalism, as well as folk songs and compositions by the writer's favorite composers—Georgy Sviridov, Valery Gavrilin, and Sergei Rachmaninoff. These will be performed by Diana Shnurova, Valentin Rasputin's fellow countrywoman.
The performers are Yuri Oborotov (Valentin Rasputin), an artist at the Center for Drama and Directing; Diana Shnurova, an opera singer and theater and film actress (the mother, daughter, and Sanka—characters from the writer's stories); and the blind pianist Elena Kukharenko.
The play is being produced as part of the "House of No Knocking…" Continuation project, with the support of the Svet Charity Foundation. Audio descriptions will be provided before the performance.
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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –
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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News
BEIJING, Nov. 5 (Xinhua) — China's Ministry of Commerce announced Wednesday that, in implementation of the consensus reached during the China-US economic and trade consultations in Kuala Lumpur, China has decided to extend for another year from November 10, 2025 the suspension of relevant measures related to the designation of several US companies as unreliable entities in April this year.
China will also lift the relevant measures on its unreliable entities list imposed on several American companies on March 4 of this year, starting November 10, according to a statement from a spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China.
The official added that domestic companies can submit applications and, once approved, conduct transactions with these American companies. -0-
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