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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

UN, Aug. 28 (Xinhua) — UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has reaffirmed the UN's principled position of supporting a full, immediate and unconditional ceasefire as a first step towards a just, comprehensive and sustainable peace in Ukraine in accordance with the UN Charter, international law and UN resolutions, Stephane Dujarric, spokesman for the secretary-general, said on Thursday.

At a daily briefing, S. Dujarric reported that on Thursday, A. Guterres had a telephone conversation with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, during which the parties discussed the latest diplomatic efforts aimed at ending the war in Ukraine.

The official representative noted that A. Guterres stressed the importance of maintaining diplomatic momentum.

The UN Secretary-General also reaffirmed the organization’s commitment to providing assistance to meet Ukraine’s humanitarian needs on the ground, as well as supporting the country’s reconstruction efforts, added S. Dujarric. –0–

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

BEIJING, Aug. 28 (Xinhua) — The upcoming Tianjin summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has three major missions, namely, achieving consensus among all parties, stimulating the driving force of cooperation and planning for future development, Ambassador Fan Xianrong, in charge of the Chinese national coordinator of the SCO, told Xinhua.

The largest SCO summit since its establishment will be held from August 31 to September 1 in the northern Chinese city of Tianjin. Chinese President Xi Jinping will preside over the 25th meeting of the SCO Council of Heads of State and the “SCO Plus” meeting, where he will deliver keynote speeches. At the invitation of the Chinese side, more than 20 foreign leaders and 10 officials from international organizations will take part in the summit.

According to Fan Xianrong, China aims to make the Tianjin Summit friendly, united and fruitful. The leaders of the SCO member states will sign and publish a declaration, approve the SCO development strategy for the next 10 years /2026-2035/, make statements on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the Victory in World War II and the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, and adopt a number of final documents on strengthening cooperation in the field of security, as well as in the economic and humanitarian spheres.

The SCO was founded in Shanghai on June 15, 2001. It occupies a particularly important position in the overall planning of Chinese diplomacy and is an important priority for China's diplomatic work with neighboring countries.

"Since taking office as the President of the People's Republic of China, Xi Jinping has attended all SCO summits. Based on the strategic vision of the leader of a major power, he personally plans and leads the relevant work, indicating the directions and outlining plans for the development of the organization. He promotes the conceptual innovations of the SCO, keeping pace with the times, outlines the directions of pragmatic cooperation within the SCO with a focus on economic development and improving people's well-being, and guides the SCO to actively participate in improving global governance," Fan Xianrong said.

According to him, in the 24 years since the founding of the SCO, thanks to China's active contribution and the joint efforts of all parties, the organization has creatively put forward the "Shanghai Spirit" characterized by mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, mutual consultation, respect for cultural diversity, and the pursuit of common development, and put it into practice.

"By comprehensively promoting cooperation in such areas as politics, security, economics and humanitarian affairs, the SCO has made important contributions to maintaining regional security and stability and promoting the development and prosperity of various countries, embarked on a fruitful path of peaceful development, and serves as a model for building a new type of international relations," the Chinese diplomat added.

Fan Xianrong noted that the "Shanghai Spirit", which is the "root" and "soul" of the SCO, is highly consistent with the purposes of the United Nations Charter. It is inextricably linked with the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and fully meets the demands of member states in pursuing stability, development and unity. It has surpassed such outdated concepts as the Cold War mentality and clash of civilizations, and has been widely recognized by the international community.

From the original 6 founding members to the “greater SCO family” that spans three continents – Asia, Europe and Africa and consists of 26 countries, including 10 member states, 2 observer states and 14 dialogue partners, the SCO has become the world’s largest comprehensive regional cooperation organization in terms of geographic coverage and population. Its influence, appeal and attractiveness in the international arena continue to grow.

"The SCO will continue to open its doors and welcome more countries that endorse the 'Shanghai Spirit' to join the 'big SCO family,'" Fan Xianrong said.

China assumed the rotating presidency of the SCO in July 2024 after the Astana Summit. According to Fan Xianrong, under the slogan of “Promoting the Shanghai Spirit: SCO in Action”, China, guided by Xi Jinping’s initiative of building a common home featuring unity and mutual trust, peace and tranquility, prosperity and development, as well as good-neighborliness, friendship and justice, and focusing on the theme of “Year of Sustainable Development”, has contributed to the implementation of more than 100 activities under the presidency, effectively promoting the interconnectivity of infrastructure, the alignment of regulations and standards, and the rapprochement of peoples among the SCO countries.

"China will take more pragmatic measures and adopt a more progressive approach to advance cooperation in the fields of politics, security, trade, economy and people-to-people ties, as well as institutional reform within the SCO, so as to improve the well-being of the peoples of the SCO countries and promote the building of a closer SCO community with a shared future," Fan Xianrong said.

The diplomat noted that the SCO is currently at a key stage in improving the quality and level of its development, facing both opportunities and challenges.

"China will work with all parties to promote the high-quality development of the SCO, making special efforts in five aspects of work, namely improving security mechanisms, jointly creating and seizing development opportunities, continuously strengthening good-neighborliness and friendship, safeguarding international fairness and justice, and maintaining openness and inclusiveness," Fan Xianrong said, adding that the organization, through the "SCO Plus" model, will attract more countries to participate in cooperation in various fields within the SCO framework, so as to bring more stability and positive energy to achieving long-term peace and common prosperity in the world.

"The Tianjin Summit will be held at the global level to meet the expectations of all parties. It will lead the SCO to a new stage of high-quality development, featuring greater solidarity, closer cooperation, more dynamic vitality and higher efficiency," Fan Xianrong said. -0-

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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

BEIJING, Aug. 28 (Xinhua) — Chinese authorities have released a policy document to accelerate the transformation of urban development models and promote high-quality urban development.

The directive, jointly issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, sets out the main tasks for promoting high-quality urban development.

According to the document, by 2030, significant progress will be made in building modernized cities focused on people's needs, with a noticeable improvement in the quality of the living environment and a transition to greener standards. By 2035, the concept of building modern human-centered cities should be largely implemented.

It envisages the adoption of measures adapted to each city and the use of existing resources to stimulate and expand new driving forces for urban development.

In addition, it is planned to increase the construction of cities that are centers of international consumption, as well as to increase the level of openness and international cooperation of cities.

The directive emphasizes the need for systematic promotion of the construction of quality housing and fully developed urban communities. The document calls for accelerating the formation of a new model for the development of the real estate sector in order to more effectively meet people's basic need for housing and their various requests for improved living conditions. –0–

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

BEIJING, Aug. 28 (Xinhua) — Chinese Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang met with a visiting delegation of executive directors of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in Beijing on Thursday.

Ding Xuexiang, also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, said that ADB, as an important multilateral development institution in the Asia-Pacific region, has made positive contributions to supporting China's development.

The Chinese side hopes that the ADB will continue to participate in the Chinese-style modernization process in depth, Ding Xuexiang said, adding that China is willing to strengthen communication and coordination with the ADB and consider expanding areas of cooperation to better promote China's high-quality development and benefit the entire Asia-Pacific region.

According to the Vice Premier of the State Council, since the beginning of this year, China's economy has made progress while maintaining stability, and demonstrated greater vitality and resilience. Ding Xuexiang promised that China will fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, strengthen and enhance the momentum of economic recovery, and bring more certainty to global development.

For their part, the ADB delegation members highly appreciated China's development achievements and expressed their readiness to take advantage of the 40th anniversary of the establishment of cooperation relations between the two sides next year to further deepen cooperation and support high-quality development of the Chinese economy. –0–

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

Yerevan, Aug. 28 (Xinhua) — China will hold celebrations on Sept. 3 to mark the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. Armenian soldiers who fought in the Soviet Red Army made a valuable contribution to the defeat of Japan's Kwantung Army in August 1945. Xinhua correspondents went to Armenia to meet with those who fought in those events, record their memories and thank them for the Victory. Today, only two veterans of China's liberation from Japanese invaders are still alive in Armenia. Both of them are honorary members of the Armenia-China Friendship Society.

IN THE HOUSE OF AGVAN

In a spacious house on the outskirts of sunny Yerevan, where high-ranking guests from China have often been received, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, a participant in the Red Army operation to liberate Northeastern China, Aghvan Khachaturovich Poghosyan, sits modestly on the sofa in the living room. He speaks with difficulty and can hardly walk anymore. He is carefully surrounded by his sons and daughter, looking after their father, who will turn 103 this year.

A. Pogosyan was born on November 29, 1922. He met the beginning of the war with Germany in Odessa, served as a machine gunner. Subsequently, his unit was sent to the Far East, where he took part in battles against the Japanese army. “They gave me the rank of lieutenant and sent me to the Far East to fight the Kwantung Army,” says the veteran’s son Khachatur.

A. Pogosyan served as an artillery platoon commander in the 2nd Far Eastern Front. He was responsible for preparing the territory for the infantry to pass through and for the subsequent offensive. The veteran still remembers the Ust-Bureysky fortified area and the Zeya River (the left tributary of the Heilongjiang River). After crossing the river, his platoon received an order to engage the enemy.

“While the Americans were still moving, the Soviet troops had already defeated the Kwantung Army,” the veteran recalls.

ABOUT THE AWARDS AND COURAGE OF CHINESE SOLDIERS

The veteran does not consider himself a hero, but the orders and medals on his jacket speak of his exploits. The Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree, the medals “For Military Merit”, “For Victory over Germany”, “For Victory over Japan”… A. Pogosyan also received special gratitude from the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the USSR I. V. Stalin for his military merits and excellent combat actions.

"This Kwantung Army, a million strong, was very well prepared. But our soldiers had a high spirit. They were eager to fight and did not look at anything!" says A. Pogosyan's second son Grach.

The veteran's family believes that all the soldiers performed a feat in those years. "Just imagine: so many millions of soldiers and officers of different nationalities! But they all loved their Fatherland. And their main feat was love for the Fatherland. And they were ready to give their own lives… That's why they won," Grach adds.

The veteran's son also notes the courage of the Chinese people and how they fought bravely against the Japanese occupiers. "My father told me how they fought so clearly and selflessly. That's why it all went so quickly, because two brotherly nations fought on both sides," Grach says.

A. Pogosyan was demobilized in 1947. He was predicted to have a great future, but he refused to study in Moscow and returned to his native village in Armenia. Later he graduated from the party school and worked as an instructor.

The warrior, to whom the people of China and the former USSR are grateful, today expresses gratitude himself. “Thank you for happiness, for those people who fought… Thank you for the people who fought against Germany and Japan,” says A. Pogosyan in a weak voice and conveys his best wishes to the Chinese people. “May there be no more war!” the veteran bids farewell.

ARMENIAN PEOPLE AGAINST JAPANESE MILITARISM

During the Second World War, the Armenian people fought heroically in the Soviet Red Army. More than 600 thousand Armenians took part in the battles, of whom about 200 thousand gave their lives. They made a huge contribution to the Victory over fascist Germany and militarist Japan. According to Armenian historical data, over 30 thousand Armenians fought in the ranks of the Transbaikal, 1st and 2nd Far Eastern Fronts and the Pacific Fleet during the military operation against Japan in 1945. Among them is a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, a participant in the Red Army operation to liberate Northeastern China, Mekhak Tigranovich Avetisyan.

IN SARUKHAN

103-year-old M. Avetisyan lives in the village of Sarukhan, 100 km from Yerevan. His large, bright house is full of guests today. Numerous relatives, friends, and a favorite student came to visit and hug the dear veteran.

His eyes are almost closed, but his heart remembers everything. After the victory over Germany in 1945, 23-year-old Senior Sergeant Mekhak was sent to the Far East, and from there to China, where he continued to serve until the end of the war with Japan. He was awarded the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the medals "For Military Merit", "For Victory over Germany", "For Victory over Japan". The veteran himself modestly recalls only some of his exploits during the military campaign against the Japanese occupiers.

"In China, we were given the order to preserve the Chinese Eastern Railway for these 24 days. And we did it! The fascist militarists wanted to bomb it, but we defended it," recalls M. Avetisyan.

Upon returning home, the veteran worked as a principal at a local school and taught geography. An honored teacher of Armenia, he knows better than anyone what dozens of countries experienced during the war.

M. Avetisyan sends his best wishes on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the Victory to all the people of China and the country's leadership. "China is a friendly country for all countries. What I have done is for the people of China, Armenia and the whole world," the veteran says and immediately adds: "Thank you, China! Thank you, Chinese! You are our comrades!" –0–

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

BEIJING, Aug. 28 (Xinhua) — China and India should jointly safeguard peace and tranquility in their border areas, Chinese Defense Ministry spokesman Zhang Xiaogang said Thursday.

Zhang Xiaogang made the remarks at a press conference when answering a question about the 24th meeting of China-India special representatives on border issues held earlier this month. The talks reached a 10-point consensus and the two sides agreed to continue to use mechanisms to monitor the situation on the border through diplomatic and military channels.

The official representative noted that during the talks, the parties had a frank and in-depth exchange of views on Chinese-Indian border issues in a positive and constructive manner, reaching a number of agreements.

This year marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and India. In this regard, Zhang Xiaogang stressed that the two sides should strengthen the positive momentum in bilateral relations and seek the right path for the two neighboring countries to coexist based on the principles of mutual respect, mutual trust, peaceful coexistence, common development and win-win cooperation. –0–

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

Yerevan, Aug. 28 (Xinhua) — Veterans of the operation to liberate Northeast China and their descendants have been invited from around the world to attend the ceremonial events to mark the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War in Beijing on Sept. 3. Armenian soldiers who fought in the ranks of the Soviet Red Army made a valuable contribution to the victory over the Japanese Kwantung Army in August 1945. They fought shoulder to shoulder with their Chinese comrades against the Japanese invaders.

“I wish the Chinese people well!.. Thank you, China! Thank you, Chinese!” says Armenian veteran Mekhak Avetisyan. This year he turned 103. Back in 1945, he, still a very young soldier, was sent to the Far East and participated in fierce battles with Japanese militarists on Chinese territory. Unfortunately, due to his advanced age, the veteran will not be able to go to the celebrations in Beijing. His son, 78-year-old Vladimir, is planning to fly to China.

“I look forward to it with impatience, to meet the Chinese there and wish them personally all the best, all the best,” the man shares his thoughts. In his opinion, today China is becoming the most developed country in the world. “The Chinese people fought and won. They deserve to live in a decent country,” Vladimir emphasizes.

Veteran Sergei Glushko's daughter Galina also dreams of seeing China. Her father was a lieutenant in a communications battalion in 1945 and during the breakthrough of the Japanese defense, he ensured uninterrupted, stable communications, for which he was awarded the medal "For Military Merit." He did not live to see the 80th anniversary of the Victory, but he kept memories of the events of the war years all his life.

Galina is really looking forward to the holiday, in her mind China is a fairytale country with beautiful nature. She bitterly recalls how many Armenians died in the war, and emphasizes that Armenia greatly appreciates this victory and remembers the price paid by the Armenian and Chinese peoples.

“We have very strong relations with China. I would like these relations to flourish, I would like to wish all the best to both the Chinese people and the Armenian people, because we are united!” she adds.

Agvan Poghosyan, 102, who fought in the Far East against the Japanese Kwantung Army, speaks warmly of the strong friendship between Armenia and China. “Our wish is that there will be no more wars!” the veteran says. “And we are very good, friendly peoples!”

A. Pogosyan’s son Grach adds that he has special feelings for China. “I have great respect for the Chinese people. I am very interested in their history… And I wish China continued prosperity! I know a lot of good people among the Chinese,” he says. Grach admires China’s achievements and the pace of its economic growth. “Only such a good-natured and disciplined people can achieve such results,” he believes. –0–

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

BEIJING, Aug. 28 (Xinhua) — Nearly 50 leaders, former politicians, senior officials, diplomatic corps members accredited to China and friends from 30 European countries have confirmed their attendance at the celebrations to mark the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War in China, Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun said Thursday.

Guo Jiakun made the announcement at a regular briefing.

As the Chinese diplomat noted, this year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and China will hold grand commemorative events to mark this anniversary.

More than 80 years ago, the official representative recalled, China, at the cost of enormous sacrifices, waged the main fight against the enemy in the main eastern theater of military operations of World War II, coordinated its actions with the allies and supported them in battles, thereby making a significant historical contribution to the victory over fascism and militarism.

"At that time, many European countries and friends provided valuable human and material aid to the fighting Chinese people, and some even sacrificed their precious lives. These moving stories will forever remain in the memory of the Chinese people," Guo Jiakun emphasized.

“To date, nearly 50 leaders, former political figures, high-ranking officials, members of the diplomatic corps accredited to China and friends from 30 European countries have confirmed their participation in the upcoming celebrations in China, reflecting the common will and determination to preserve historical memory, protect peace and justice,” the official representative said.

He added that China is willing to work with all peace-loving countries and peoples to firmly uphold the correct view of history, jointly defend the results of the victory in World War II and the post-war international order, and safeguard world peace and stability. –0–

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

BEIJING, Aug. 28 (Xinhua) — China has called on the Philippines to stop making a fuss over bilateral maritime issues and stop any encroachment on Chinese sovereignty and provocations that could complicate the situation, Foreign Ministry spokesman Guo Jiakun said Thursday.

Guo Jiakun made the remarks at a regular press briefing, commenting on recent aggressive remarks by Philippine military and government officials over the Ren'ai Reef issue.

Recalling that the Ren'ai Reef, as part of the Nansha Islands, is Chinese territory, Guo Jiakun noted that the activities of Chinese vessels in waters under Chinese jurisdiction are fair and legal and there is nothing reprehensible about them.

The spokesman stressed that the Philippines, by leaving its "warship" "grounded" on Ren'ai Reef for a long period, infringed on China's sovereignty and violated the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, in particular Article 5, which states that parties shall refrain from inhabiting uninhabited islands and reefs.

China has consistently demanded that the Philippines tow away its vessel and restore Ren'ai Reef to its original state without people or structures, the diplomat said.

In recent years, Guo Jiakun continued, for humanitarian reasons, China has allowed the Philippines to replenish the ship's supplies of daily necessities, on the condition that it not deliver construction materials, notify the Chinese side in advance, and allow access to the cargo for on-site inspection. China has reached a temporary agreement with the Philippines on this matter, which fully demonstrates its goodwill and sincere desire to keep the situation on Ren'ai Reef under control, the official added.

However, the Philippines has recently taken a series of provocative actions at sea that violate China's sovereignty. According to Guo Jiakun, such actions seriously infringe on China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, harm maritime peace and stability, and undermine the political basis for properly settling maritime issues between China and the Philippines.

China is determined to defend its territorial integrity and maritime rights and interests, the Chinese diplomat stressed. –0–

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

Moscow, August 28 /Xinhua/ — The leaders of China and Russia will hold an important meeting in September, which will have a significant historical significance and give a new powerful impetus to deepening bilateral cooperation in all areas, Chinese Ambassador to Russia Zhang Hanhui said in a written interview with TASS.

"In September, during this golden autumn period, a ceremonial meeting will be held in Beijing to mark the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the 80th anniversary of the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War. The leaders of China and Russia will once again hold an important meeting of significant historical significance that will determine the direction of further development of bilateral relations and give a new powerful impetus to deepening cooperation in all areas," he noted.

Zhang Hanhui stressed that Chinese-Russian relations are based on the fundamental interests and common needs of the two countries, have a clear historical logic and strong internal driving forces. “China and Russia are good neighbors connected by common rivers and mountains, time-tested true friends who always regard each other as priority cooperation partners,” the diplomat said.

He added that over the past decade and a half, under the strategic leadership of Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese-Russian relations have reached their highest level in history. “They are characterized by the spirit of eternal good-neighborliness and friendship, comprehensive strategic interaction and mutually beneficial cooperation. These are some of the most stable, mature and strategically valuable great power relations in the modern world,” the Chinese ambassador believes.

Zhang Hanhui pointed out that China-Russia relations are not directed against or dependent on third parties. “Our countries have successfully worked out the correct path for coexistence between two neighboring major powers,” he said, adding that the development of high-level Chinese-Russian relations not only meets the fundamental interests of the two peoples, but also meets the common expectations of the international community for global cooperation between major neighboring countries.

Zhang Hanhui recalled that in May this year, Chinese President Xi Jinping paid a state visit to Russia and took part in the ceremonial events marking the 80th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The leaders of China and Russia exchanged views on Chinese-Russian relations and major strategic issues of global significance. “The leaders unanimously agreed to closely coordinate their actions and interact at multilateral platforms such as the UN, SCO and BRICS, consolidate the countries of the Global South and jointly guide the development of the global governance system in a more just and rational direction,” the ambassador noted.

The SCO summit will be held in Tianjin from August 31 to September 1, during which, according to the Chinese diplomat, member states will make a joint statement on key international and regional issues. “I am confident that through the joint efforts of all parties, the SCO summit in Tianjin will certainly become a large-scale event marked by friendship, unity, fruitful results and long-term influence,” he said, noting that the SCO is making an increasing contribution to building a new type of international relations and forming a community with a common future for mankind through major “SCO decisions” and a more powerful “SCO force.”

Zhang Hanhui stressed that the summit will coincide with the anniversaries of the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the 80th anniversary of the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War, as well as the 80th anniversary of the founding of the UN. He pointed out that 80 years ago, China and the Soviet Union, having become the main theaters of military operations in Asia and Europe respectively, were at the forefront of the fight against Japanese militarism and German Nazism. Both countries suffered enormous sacrifices and made invaluable historical contributions to the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War. “The peoples of our countries fought shoulder to shoulder in the most difficult struggle, selflessly helped each other, made a great historical contribution to the cause of protecting human dignity and restoring peace throughout the world,” the ambassador stated, adding that the strong military friendship, mutual assistance and support during the war years were not only forever imprinted in the common memory of the peoples of China and Russia, but also became a solid foundation for the sustainable and long-term development of Chinese-Russian relations in the new era.

“By learning from history and looking to the future, the two sides are bringing more stability and positive energy to a troubled world through the certainty and sustainability of China-Russia strategic interaction,” Zhang Hanhui concluded. –0–

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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