Category: Peoples Republic of China

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

BEIJING, Oct. 21 (Xinhua) — A research team from Tsinghua University has unveiled a revolutionary spectroscopic imaging chip, RAFAEL, that could change the way humanity observes the universe.

This breakthrough, published in the journal Nature, resolves the long-standing trade-off between spectral resolution and throughput/efficiency, enabling high-throughput and easily integrated snapshot spectroscopy.

Spectroscopy is a fundamental tool for revealing the physical structures and chemical compositions of substances, underpinning discoveries in physics, chemistry, astronomy and the life sciences.

However, traditional instruments have long faced challenges in achieving both ultra-high resolution and high throughput. Improving one typically requires compromising the other, creating a seemingly insurmountable barrier to achieving both simultaneously.

RAFAEL, with its Chinese name “Yuheng,” overcomes this limitation with integrated and reconfigurable lithium-niobate photonics, enabling each sensor pixel to capture full spectral data with ultra-high optical throughput.

This chip enables instantaneous spectroscopy with a spatial resolution of 10 megapixels and a spectral accuracy of 0.05 nanometers in a wavelength range from visible to near infrared.

In a real-world demonstration, RAFAEL captured spectra with such precision on up to 5,600 stars in a single exposure, exceeding the observation efficiency of the world's top-class astronomical spectrometers by more than a hundred times.

A compact yet powerful chip could help open new avenues to understanding the most mysterious phenomena in space, while advancing research from materials science to astrophysics, said Fan Lu, a professor at Tsinghua University and corresponding author of the paper.

The name "Yuheng" comes from the fifth star in the constellation Ursa Major, which ancient Chinese astronomers used to calibrate celestial movements, representing precision and balance.

Building on this legacy, the chip aims to establish a new, stable benchmark for human astronomical observations of light and the universe, Fan Lu said.

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CHENGDU, Oct. 21 (Xinhua) — Amid global efforts to develop fusion energy, China is strengthening its role as a key innovator and reliable partner.

Pietro Barabaschi, Director General of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), one of the international leaders in this field, praised China's significant contribution.

At the recently concluded 2nd Ministerial Meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) World Fusion Energy Group and the 30th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan Province, southwest China, he acknowledged China as a “very strong partner.”

“China’s contribution is constantly growing, not only in the supply of components, but also, most importantly, in the assembly of ITER by Chinese companies,” he noted.

“Countries don’t always get along with each other, but when it comes to ITER, you can see that everyone is working towards the same goal,” Pietro Barabaschi emphasized, adding that ITER is a project of hope and a project of peace.

The IAEA also recognized China's contribution. Speaking about the IAEA's first collaborating center for fusion research and training, which was inaugurated at an event led by the Southwest Institute of Physics (SWIP) of the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi stated that they recognized the high caliber of Chinese institutions like SWIP, which have been at the forefront of these efforts for many years. "They now serve as the IAEA's first international collaborating center in the field of fusion."

Fusion energy, a key peaceful use of nuclear energy, offers significant advantages over fission energy, including higher energy density, abundant raw materials, less radioactive contamination, and inherent safety. It is a key focus for the future development of clean energy.

China attaches great importance to the development of fusion energy, said Shan Zhongde, Director of the China National Atomic Energy Agency (CAEA), at the meeting. The country has built numerous major research facilities and is actively promoting deeper integration between industrial organizations, universities, and research institutes, as well as strengthening international cooperation, he added.

China will work with the IAEA, ITER, and all countries to continuously promote global energy innovation and sustainable development, promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, and contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to building a clean, beautiful, and sustainable world, enabling fusion energy to better serve humanity, Shan Zhongde noted.

As a key partner in the ITER project, China has always fulfilled its international obligations and carried out high-quality design and manufacturing of the 18 key components and systems it undertook, as well as the installation of the main equipment, Shan Zhongde said.

Recent milestones include the successful installation of the vacuum vessel module and the timely delivery of critical components such as the magnet support system, blanket shield modules, and feeder systems. In April, the final set of components for the cryostat feeder correction coils was shipped to the ITER site in France, marking the completion of all the very large components required for the ITER feeder magnetic system.

This contribution was made possible by domestic innovation. China has established a comprehensive nuclear industry system and is advancing its fusion research through major research facilities. A landmark achievement was achieved in 2025, when the HL-3 tokamak, an "artificial sun" facility in Chengdu, achieved nuclear and electron temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees Celsius, ushering in a new phase of fusion experiments. Furthermore, the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) in Hefei, another "artificial sun," set a new world record by maintaining steady-state plasma operation in high confinement mode for 1,066 seconds.

Demonstrating its commitment to open science, China has opened the HL-3 facility to global collaboration, now recognized as China's only ITER satellite facility. This is consistent with China's broader policy of promoting partnerships—the country has established collaborative relationships with over 140 fusion research institutions in over 50 countries.

The complex development of key components, such as the first wall, which encounters plasma at extreme temperatures, exemplifies China's technical prowess. Shen Jiming, ITER first wall project manager at CNNC, noted that solving these unprecedented challenges has led to significant technological advances and spurred industrial growth.

By integrating its strong domestic research and development with unwavering international cooperation, China is actively contributing its wisdom and solutions to the global search for a sustainable and clean energy future based on nuclear fusion.

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

"The 14th Five-Year Plan is a landmark five-year period in the development of China's scientific and technological industry," said Chinese Minister of Science and Technology Yin Hejun at a press conference held by the State Council Information Office.

It is inseparable from the system-forming force of public companies, which is activated at the forefront of innovation. Over the past five years, this innovative driver has become the most characteristic foundation for the qualitative development of public companies.

Public companies are steadily increasing their R&D investments and becoming innovation leaders.

In 2024, China's entire society invested over 3.6 trillion yuan in R&D, up 48% from 2020. The R&D investment intensity reached 2.68%, exceeding the EU average. Listed companies, in particular, made a remarkable contribution: in 2024, the total R&D investment of A-share listed companies reached 1.88 trillion yuan, accounting for 51.96% of the country's total R&D expenditure. R&D intensity increased to 2.61%, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous year. BYD, CATL, and 26 other manufacturing companies have joined the "R&D club with an RMB 10 billion or less," whose members invest heavily in developing key technologies.

According to data from the China Association of Public Companies, in the first half of this year, R&D intensity on the ChiNext Market (Shenzhen), STAR Market (Shanghai), and the Beijing Stock Exchange was 4.89%, 11.78%, and 4.63%, respectively, further highlighting the importance of the scientific and technological indicator. Strategic emerging industries and high-tech manufacturing demonstrated a demonstration effect of innovation, with their R&D intensity exceeding 3.29 percentage points and 4.44 percentage points, respectively.

The well-known anti-cancer drug Zanubrutinib has been approved in 75 markets worldwide, becoming the benchmark for Chinese original pharmaceuticals worldwide. This is due to the biotech company BeiGene's long-standing commitment to R&D: from 2021 to 2024, the company invested over 47 billion yuan, and in 2024, it ranked first in the industry with R&D investment of 14.1 billion yuan, with R&D accounting for 52% of revenue.

Deep integration of scientific, technological and industrial innovation in public companies is an important driving force in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

Through industrialization research, Sailun implemented a material manufacturing technology that broke the "impossible trinity" of tire characteristics described in articles and magazines, bringing "liquid gold" tires to the high-quality tire market. GEM implemented a technology for regenerating retired nickel-cobalt (NMC) traction batteries with a recovery rate of over 99%. Trina Solar has broken the world record for battery efficiency dozens of times and continues to lead the development of photovoltaic technologies. All these examples clearly demonstrate how public companies can transform innovative achievements into real-world performance.

While expanding their domestic market, public companies are also bringing their innovative achievements to the global market. The Kirin battery, developed by CATL, offers a range of over 1,000 km on a single charge, and its technology has been licensed to several international automotive companies. Mindray's high-tech ultrasound equipment has appeared in leading hospitals in Europe and the United States, setting a benchmark for high-end domestic medical equipment. Thus, Chinese public companies are earning widespread respect for their innovative prowess, allowing the world to observe the acceleration of Chinese innovation.

According to available data, 376 companies have registered on the STAR Market since 2021, raising over 600 billion yuan in seed capital. In 2025, the volume of refinancing for scientific and technological innovation and technological transformation increased to 800 billion yuan. Most of these financial resources were directed to listed companies and prospective public companies, providing key financial support for the "spectacular leap" in scientific and technological innovation and industrialization.

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

russian.china.org.cn | October 21, 2025

Keywords: Inner Mongolia

Source: russian.china.org.cn

Autumn Scenery of Daqingshan National Nature Reserve This photo captures the beautiful autumn scenery of Daqingshan National Nature Reserve in northern Hohhot, Inner Mongolia.

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China's 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025), which ends in 2025, has become one of the most significant milestones in the country's modern history. Adopted against the backdrop of the completion of the first "centenary goal"—building a prosperous society—this program ushered in a new phase of national development focused on high-quality growth, technological independence, and sustainability. It served as a transitional bridge between the era of quantitative accumulation and the era of innovation, between the industrial model and the knowledge economy, and between dependence on foreign markets and the strengthening of domestic potential.

Since its approval in March 2021, the program's key idea has been to create a new development model based on the concept of "dual circulation," where the domestic market becomes the primary driver of growth, while external openness remains a catalyst. Chinese strategists understood that, in the face of global upheaval, they needed to prioritize domestic sources of strength—innovation, human capital, infrastructure, and indigenous technology. This is why the 14th Five-Year Plan, from its inception, placed a strong emphasis on scientific and technological progress.

Beijing declared technological independence "the pillar of national rejuvenation" and significantly increased investment in science and research. R&D spending during this period rose to record levels. China achieved sustained success in artificial intelligence, telecommunications, microelectronics, space, and biomedicine. Large-scale state programs were launched to develop new energy, chip manufacturing, quantum technologies, and the digital transformation of industry. The "Digital China" program created the infrastructure for the widespread implementation of artificial intelligence, 5G, and big data in everyday life and the economy.

However, the 14th Five-Year Plan was not limited to technological breakthroughs. China set the goal of creating a modern industrial system capable of connecting the real sector with the innovative economy. This idea was embodied in the modernization of production facilities, automation of enterprises, and the promotion of high-tech services. At the same time, the government developed next-generation infrastructure—high-speed railways, energy grids, industrial clusters, and smart cities. Thanks to this, the country's growth model became more sustainable and its economic structure more balanced.

The environmental component played a key role in the program. China, as the world's largest energy producer and consumer, recognized the need to transition to a green development model. The 14th Five-Year Plan set the goal of increasing the share of non-fossil energy sources to 20% and laying the foundation for achieving carbon neutrality by mid-century. Over the years, China has made significant progress in developing solar and wind energy, electric vehicles, and energy-efficient technologies. The country has built the world's largest solar power plants, the share of electric transport has grown, and the concept of "green cities" has become not just a slogan but a practice.

The social dimension also became a cornerstone of the 14th Five-Year Plan. After eliminating absolute poverty in 2020, China faced the challenge of how to make this achievement sustainable and translate the success of poverty alleviation into long-term rural development. A comprehensive rural revitalization program ensured the modernization of agriculture, the development of cooperatives, the digitalization of the agricultural sector, and improved infrastructure in remote regions. As a result, millions of residents gained access to modern services, education, and healthcare. Urbanization increased, but the government sought to avoid excessive population concentration in megacities by promoting the development of small and medium-sized towns.

Economically, China has demonstrated enviable resilience. Despite global turbulence, trade conflicts, and external restrictions, average annual GDP growth from 2021 to 2024 was approximately 5.5%, and the country is projected to maintain this rate in 2025. China not only stabilized its economy after the pandemic but also became the main driver of global economic recovery, accounting for almost a third of global GDP growth. This growth was driven not by extensive factors, but by the development of "new productive forces"—technological innovation, education, digitalization, and industrial modernization.

The key significance of the 14th Five-Year Plan is that it set a new standard for the quality of state planning. It is not simply a document setting economic goals, but a comprehensive development strategy for decades to come. It combined short-term objectives—growth, modernization, and social stability—with long-term goals: achieving technological self-sufficiency, a green transition, and building a "modernized socialist state" by 2035.

In 2025, China reflects on the results of its Five-Year Plan with a sense of confidence. The country not only withstood the pressures of external factors but also strengthened its position as a center of global progress. Beijing has proven its ability not only to respond to challenges but also to anticipate them, turning crises into incentives for development. The 14th Five-Year Plan was a time of building new productive forces, strengthening scientific and technological strength, and advancing toward a more harmonious, sustainable, and inclusive development model. It laid a solid foundation for the next stage—the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030), from which the world expects further breakthroughs and innovations.

Author: Anushervon Rasulov

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

Jerusalem, October 21 (Xinhua) — Israel has received a coffin containing the body of an unidentified Israeli hostage held in Gaza through the Red Cross, the Prime Minister's Office announced on Monday.

The statement noted that the coffin was handed over to the Israeli army and the Shin Bet Security Service and will be transported to Israel.

The body will undergo identification at the National Forensic Center in Tel Aviv, after which the family of the deceased will be notified.

Israel estimates that 28 hostages have died in captivity. Hamas previously returned the bodies of 12. If the identity of the body handed over on Monday is confirmed, there will be 15 more dead hostages remaining in Gaza.

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HAIKOU, Oct. 21 (Xinhua) — The Haikou Municipal Administration of Transport, Ports and Shipping, capital of South China's Hainan Province, has decided to suspend operations at Xinhai and Xiuying ports, as well as the railway south port, from Monday evening due to the impact of Typhoon Fengshen and cold air, the administration said in a notice.

Typhoon Fengshen, the 24th typhoon of the year, strengthened to a severe tropical storm at 2:00 PM that same day. As of 3:00 PM, the typhoon's epicenter was approximately 400 km from Yongxingdao Island in the South China Sea. The storm is expected to move east-north at 20-25 km/h, strengthening further and likely reaching typhoon strength at its peak before turning toward Vietnam's central coastal regions, the provincial meteorological service reported.

According to the notice, operations at the above three ports will resume around Thursday, depending on weather conditions.

In addition, some train services to and from Hainan Island were cancelled and emergency response levels were adjusted to enhance preparedness for possible natural disasters. -0-

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Beijing, October 21 /Xinhua/ — How can corruption, the notorious "cancer" of governance, be more effectively combated in today's globalized environment, both within countries and across borders? What is China doing right in its anti-corruption campaign?

These issues were discussed by international experts during a session on the role of political parties in modernization and the fight against corruption at the Tongzhou 2025 Global Development Forum, which concluded on October 18 in Beijing.

He Li, deputy secretary of the CPC Committee and secretary of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Renmin University of China, pointed out that corruption is a global governance problem facing every country and must be eradicated as a social poison, as it can suppress economic progress, distort competition and weaken the foundations of governance.

China has deeply understood how wrongdoing and corruption are intertwined and interconnected, stemming from the same root, said Fan Jihai, vice-president of the China Academy of Discipline Inspection and Supervision.

With this in mind, Fan Zihai said China's anti-corruption efforts focus on identifying wrongdoing early, especially eliminating unnecessary formalities, bureaucracy, hedonism, and wastefulness to prevent them from developing into corruption.

Since 2012, the CPC has led an unprecedented anti-corruption campaign. A key milestone was the introduction of a code of conduct known as the "Eight Points" to improve the behavior of officials.

This code subsequently evolved into a consistent party-wide measure to curb tendencies that risk alienating the party from the people.

This anti-corruption storm has engulfed every corner of the civil service. Some high-ranking officials have been held accountable.

Speaking about the fight against corruption, Esteves Carlos Hilário, a member of the Politburo of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), believes that it is a difficult task not only because the fight against corruption is difficult in itself, but also, more importantly, because “it is a task that we carry out on our own and that has direct consequences for ourselves.”

After listening to the lively session, Penildon Silva Filho, a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Brazil, told Xinhua News Agency that he would like to learn more about China's anti-corruption measures in the future, expressing "congratulations" as he was already impressed by China's commitment and the effectiveness of these measures.

Indrananda Abeysekara, chairman of the Sri Lanka-China Association for Social and Cultural Cooperation, told Xinhua that he believes other developing countries should also learn lessons from China's anti-corruption efforts.

“Most importantly, we need to study how China integrates these efforts into its governance system,” said I. Abeysekara.

The CCP is also at the forefront of international anti-corruption efforts, strengthening cross-border cooperation in fugitive return and anti-corruption efforts, said Zhang Xiaomeng, a professor at the Institute of Disciplinary Inspection and Supervision at Renmin University of China.

In the era of economic globalization, corruption increasingly crosses national borders, becoming a clearly transnational problem.

Guo Weilu, secretary of the CPC Committee of East China University of Political Science and Law, noted that due to differences in legislative concepts and governance experiences, countries have different goals for cross-border anti-corruption cooperation.

"Some Western countries have erected barriers to cooperation with developing countries in this area and, in some cases, have even become safe havens for corrupt individuals," Guo Weilu said.

According to He Li, China has strictly adhered to the UN Convention against Corruption for many years, signing more than 170 treaties and agreements with more than 80 countries, expanding its global anti-corruption network.

At the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee last year, the party leadership outlined a plan to pass a law against cross-border corruption.

China is actively participating in the construction of an international anti-corruption governance system and is stepping up its efforts to combat cross-border corruption, Guo Weilu noted. -0-

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TOKYO, Oct. 21 (Xinhua) — Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba resigned along with his cabinet on Tuesday, marking the end of the administration that came to power just over a year ago.

At an extraordinary cabinet meeting, the ministers submitted their statements, and S. Ishiba's cabinet officially resigned. -0-

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GlobalVoices (Netherlands), September 23, original headline: China's electric vehicle exports help Tajikistan achieve green transformation goals.

China has not only become Tajikistan's primary partner in its transition to green transport but has also quickly become the country's leading supplier of electric vehicles. China is increasing its support for local electric vehicle production in Tajikistan, a trend that will boost the local automotive industry and help improve air quality in Tajikistan's polluted areas.

Among the five Central Asian countries, Tajikistan has taken the most significant measures to accelerate the transition to electric vehicles. In recent years, Tajikistan has been ranked among the countries with the worst air pollution in the world. To improve the situation, the country is striving to eliminate transport-related pollution and transition to electric vehicles, particularly in Dushanbe, where vehicle-related pollution is worsening.

As usual, when it needs to rely on a partner to solve problems, the country turns to China. The transition to electric vehicles coincides perfectly with China's emergence as a global leader in electric vehicle production and export, as well as the deepening of bilateral cooperation between Tajikistan and China. China plays a significant role in Tajikistan's economy. It is the largest source of investment and Tajikistan's second-largest trading partner. According to the Committee on Investment and State Property Management of Tajikistan, total Chinese investment in Tajikistan from 2007 to 2023 amounted to $3.845 billion. Bilateral cooperation covers a wide range of areas, including energy, transport, mining, agriculture, and construction.

Chinese cars dominate the Tajik electric vehicle market. In the first half of 2024, China accounted for almost 83% of Tajikistan's electric vehicle imports. The share of Chinese electric vehicles in Tajikistan's electric vehicle imports has reportedly grown to over 90%.

China's promotion of electric vehicles in Central Asia is described as part of a broader effort to create a "Green Silk Road." This means that China is simultaneously building energy infrastructure in Central Asia, which is another of China's environmental initiatives for the region. Local industry experts increasingly view Chinese automobile brands as high-quality and reliable products at an affordable price. More and more taxi drivers in Dushanbe are choosing Chinese electric vehicles. The manager of one taxi company noted that drivers save on gas, and passengers highly appreciate the comfortable and quiet ride.

People have a positive view of electric vehicles and China's efforts to combat climate change and address environmental issues. Over time, in addition to purchasing electric vehicles, Tajikistan also plans to adopt Chinese technologies in servicing, charging, and recycling electric vehicles. (Authors: Brian Hioe et al.)

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