Over 60 kilometers of barriers have been repaired on Moscow roads in a year.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Specialists urban economy complex Last year, more than 60 kilometers of barriers damaged in road accidents were repaired, according to the Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Housing, Utilities, and Public Works. Petr Biryukov.

"Repairing barriers damaged by vehicle collisions is a key focus for road services. Last year, over 60 kilometers of such structures were restored. Most often, repairs were carried out on sections of ring and outbound highways," noted Pyotr Biryukov.

Reconstruction of one such section takes from one and a half to two hours, depending on its length and the nature of the damage.

The head of the city's infrastructure department clarified that Moscow uses modern road barriers capable of supporting a vehicle weighing up to nine tons at a speed of 60 kilometers per hour. These barriers help reduce the severity of accidents, preventing cars from crossing into oncoming traffic and, consequently, from colliding head-on with another vehicle.

During repairs, special piling rigs are used to dismantle damaged elements and then install new structures.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX AndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

An entrepreneur purchased premises in a historic building in the city center under a right of first refusal.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The investor exercised the right of first refusal and acquired a space in the cultural heritage site (CHS), known as the Bolshoi Theater Artists' House, built in 1933–1935. This was reported by Ekaterina Solovieva, Minister of the Moscow Government, head of the capital's Department of City Property.

An entrepreneur exercised his right of first refusal and purchased a 32.7-square-meter leased space from the city in a historic building in the Presnensky District at 7 Bryusov Lane. This cultural heritage site, known as the Bolshoi Theater Artists' House, was built according to a design by architect Alexei Shchusev between 1933 and 1935. Moscow's historic center has always been characterized by high commercial activity, so demand for commercial real estate here is higher than in any other district of the capital. Owning property near the Okhotny Ryad, Pushkinskaya, Chekhovskaya, and Tverskaya metro stations will allow the new owner to plan for the long term and save on rent. The opportunity to purchase premises through a right of first refusal is especially attractive to entrepreneurs whose businesses have demonstrated high profitability during their leases and have significant potential for growth. "And so that small and medium-sized businesses can pay for their square meters without taking out a loan, the city has provided for payment installments for up to seven years," said Ekaterina Solovieva.

The right of first refusal to purchase leased premises is important for entrepreneurs, as it helps ensure stable business development. Those included in the register of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and leasing the property on a standard basis for at least one year can purchase commercial premises from the city. Businesses that lease premises through specialized tenders can also exercise their right of first refusal. However, for them, the lease term prior to purchase must be at least two years, and the leased property must be included in the list of state property intended for use by SMEs for five or more years.

Entrepreneurs who plan to buy out real estate leased from the city must apply for a government service "Paid alienation of real estate leased by small and medium-sized businesses from the state property of the city of Moscow"This can only be done electronically on the mos.ru portal.

According to legislation on cultural heritage sites, owners and users of architectural monuments are obligated to preserve their historical appearance. Any work on such buildings must be carried out according to an approved design, with the permission and supervision of specialists. Department of Cultural Heritage of the City of MoscowViolations of legislation regarding the protection of cultural heritage sites are subject to administrative and criminal liability.

The development of electronic services for entrepreneurs is being implemented within the framework of a national project "Data Economy and Digital Transformation of the State"More information about Russia's national projects and the capital's contribution can be found atspecial page.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX And Telegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Over 1,700 students took part in the TechnoInternship program in the Moscow SEZ in 2025.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

More than 1,700 students from Moscow's colleges and universities completed internships at leading high-tech enterprises in the Technopolis Moscow special economic zone (SEZ) in 2025. This was announced by the Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Transport and Industry. Maxim Liksutov.

"Following Sergei Sobyanin's instructions, we continue to train highly qualified specialists for the industrial sector. Since 2022, the Technopolis Moscow SEZ has been implementing the TechnoInternship project, allowing young people to acquire key skills and competencies at leading high-tech companies. In 2025, over 1,700 students completed the internship, and over 3,200 students have participated in the project to date," said Maxim Liksutov.

The Technopolis Moscow SEZ has signed over 30 agreements with leading Moscow-based higher and secondary educational institutions to organize educational, industrial, and pre-graduation internships. These include, in particular, the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, the Moscow Polytechnic University, the Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics.

Sixty-five companies from the Moscow SEZ are participating in the "TechnoInternship" project. The companies that led the way in terms of student interns in 2025 were Texel, Nex-T, Mikron, the Nanotechnology Center of Composites, Amedart, R-Opra, and the Karacharovsky Mechanical Plant.

Earlier, Sergei Sobyanin spoke about the achievements SEZ "Technopolis Moscow" and congratulated her on her 20th birthday.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX AndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Sobyanin revealed who could become a resident of the Skolkovo creative cluster.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The selection process for companies to be located in the Skolkovo creative cluster has begun. It will become a magnet for talented specialists in content creation and media technology. Sergei Sobyanin announced this on his channel in messenger MAX.

“Let me remind you,

first of all We launched a creative space—a video game and animation cluster—at the end of last year. This year, we plan to open a media technology cluster," the Moscow Mayor wrote.

Source: Sergei Sobyanin's channel inMAX messenger

The Moscow Innovation Cluster accepts residency applications in areas including immersive technologies, virtual manufacturing, digital twins, 3D modeling, metaverses, digital avatars, and hardware and software for the media industry.

The selection process will evaluate experience in creating innovative solutions, patented developments in the field of media technology, the maturity of the technology or product, and other competitive advantages.

Future residents will have access to industry-specific infrastructure, including a data center, technology pilot zones, office space, and a virtual production studio. They will also receive comprehensive support, including preferential rental terms and promotion assistance.

You can find out more details and submit an application on the platform. and.Moscow.

Additionally, the Creative Industries Agency continues to recruit companies for placement in the video game and animation cluster. All requirements are available on the website. creatededin.moskov.

Subscribe to Sergei Sobyanin's official channels on messengers MAX AndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

More than a thousand residents will move to two new buildings in the Koptevo district under the renovation program.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

In the northern part of the capital, in the Koptevo district, new buildings at 17 3rd Mikhalkovsky Lane and 10 Mikhalkovskaya Street have been handed over for occupancy. This was announced by the Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Urban Development Policy and Construction. Vladimir Efimov.

"Today, the number of new buildings in the Koptevo district handed over for occupancy under the renovation program has reached six. Two of them are on 3rd Mikhalkovsky Lane and on Mikhalkovskaya Street. More than a thousand residents of seven older buildings will be relocated there. A resettlement information center has been opened on the ground floor of the residential complex on Mikhalkovskaya Street. Participants can contact the center with any questions regarding their relocation and can also request assistance with the "Relocation Under the Renovation Program" super service. A total of 123 buildings in Koptevo are to be relocated under the current renovation program, with over 23,000 Muscovites receiving apartments," said Vladimir Efimov.

Most Muscovites book viewings of available properties through Super Service. "Moving under the renovation program", which allows you to select a convenient date and time online. Furthermore, the digital assistant allows you to remotely book a day to sign the contract. This significantly simplifies the paperwork and makes the process more convenient for individuals.

"The new buildings comprise 625 apartments with improved finishes. The surrounding areas have been fully landscaped, creating a comprehensive living environment. The ground floors are designed for socially significant facilities, such as shops, pharmacies, and pickup points. Importantly, the new buildings in Koptevo are integrated into the developed urban environment: within walking distance are landscaped boulevards with a park and summer swimming pool, Timiryazevsky Park, and the Bolshoy Sadovy Pond with a beach and pier," noted the Moscow Government Minister and Head of the Department of Urban Development Policy.

Vladislav Ovchinsky.

Within walking distance of the new buildings are educational and medical institutions, the Museum of the History of Printing and Book Publishing, and the Ivan Fedorov Moscow State University of Printing and Printing, as well as shops and pickup points.

Ekaterina SolovievaThe Moscow Government Minister and head of the Department of City Property added that the city has offered equivalent housing to more than 620 residents of buildings 1 and 3 on 3rd Novomikhalkovsky Proyezd, building 3 on 4th Novomikhalkovsky Proyezd, and building 59/1, block 6 on Bolshaya Akademicheskaya Street. More than half of them have already chosen apartments and have begun paperwork. Over 500 residents of building 17/14 on Matrosa Zheleznyaka Boulevard, building 28, block 3 on Koptevskaya Street, and building 21 on 3rd Mikhalkovsky Lane will move to the residential complex at 3rd Mikhalkovsky Pereulok. Furthermore, more than 80 percent of residents of these five-story buildings have already agreed to relocate, including several families who have signed contracts for equivalent apartments.

Earlier, Sergei Sobyanin said that it had begun resettlement residents in a new building under the renovation program on Rodnikovaya Street.

All information about the renovation program is available on the mos.ru portal. More information about apartments and buildings covered by the program can be found atlink.

The renovation program was approved in August 2017. It affects approximately one million Muscovites and provides for the relocation of 5,176 buildings. Earlier, the Moscow Mayor ordered an increase in the pace of implementation of the renovation program intwice.

Moscow is one of the region's leaders in terms of construction volume. The high rate of housing construction is in line with the goals and initiatives of the national project. Infrastructure for LifeMore information about Russia's national projects and the capital's contribution can be found atspecial page.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX And Telegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

In Moscow, an AI service has begun automatically detecting osteoporosis in the early stages.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

In Moscow, an artificial intelligence (AI) service has begun automatically detecting osteoporosis in its early stages. This is a disease that causes bone density to decrease. The neural network can detect its signs in the early stages. It analyzes and identifies pathological features in CT scans performed for other clinical indications. This was reported by Anastasia Rakova, Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Social Development.

"We are consistently integrating artificial intelligence technologies into our daily practice, for example, in analyzing X-rays for various clinical indications. This approach to additional pathology screening allows us to prevent problems early, rather than dealing with the consequences. We recently introduced automated osteoporosis screening in CT scans. It detects the disease in its early stages, when a person isn't even aware of the problem, while it's developing asymptomatically. This eliminates the need for a separate examination, which reduces radiation exposure. Furthermore, we can begin treatment earlier, reducing the risk of severe fractures," explained Anastasia Rakova.

The service automatically analyzes CT scans and independently detects signs of osteoporosis. The neural network highlights all potentially problematic areas of bone tissue with red or orange indicators.

"Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and disruption of bone microarchitecture. Its insidious nature is that it often goes unnoticed until serious complications and injuries develop. These services work with existing studies and help detect important changes in bone tissue. A neural network highlights abnormal areas in a medical image, performs the necessary measurements, and generates a text description. Comprehensive AI services can simultaneously detect up to 14 pathologies in a single study. This approach will allow Muscovites undergoing examinations for various clinical indications to receive additional insurance against one of the most subtle and dangerous age-related diseases," emphasized the chief physician of the Moscow Diagnostics and Telemedicine Center. Department of Health Yuri Vasiliev.

Artificial intelligence helps doctors detect pathologies more quickly at early stages and improve the accuracy of imaging measurements. The final diagnosis is always made by a specialist, who takes into account the analysis results and the radiologist's description of the image.

Today, Moscow doctors can use over 60 AI services to detect disease signs across 43 clinical areas. Furthermore, the healthcare system uses 12 integrated solutions that simultaneously identify multiple pathologies in a single medical image. AI services have already analyzed nearly two million CT scans.

An experiment on the use of innovative computer vision technologies in healthcare has been underway since 2020. This is being carried out by specialists from the Moscow Diagnostics and Telemedicine Center. Department of Health together with the city Department of Information TechnologyThe project is in line with the goals of the Moscow healthcare development strategy through 2030 and aims to improve the quality and accessibility of medical care for Moscow residents.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX And Telegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Clean and tidy: what the Pixel robot cleaner can do

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The unmanned cleaning robot "Pixel" is operating in Moscow parks and on several streets. It was developed by the Moscow-based company "Avtonomika," a resident of the Lomonosov cluster. The first units were deployed in 2023 and were used for unmanned cleaning in the city center. The company currently has over 35 operational cleaning robots and several prototypes.

In 2024–2025, the Moscow Innovation Cluster, subordinate to the capital’s Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovative Development, conducted an experiment with year-round robotic cleaning. Innovative assistants maintained 50th Anniversary of October Park and the Raduga, Khodynskoye Pole, Kuzminki-Lyublino, and Sokolniki ponds. The robots were successfully tested on urban areas covering a total of 618 hectares. The experiment demonstrated that the "Pixels" provided high-quality cleaning of all hard surfaces and performed approximately 50 percent of the tasks required for park maintenance, including snow removal and path washing.

Thanks to its attachments, Pixel can operate year-round, reducing the need for dedicated personnel by up to 30 percent. The robot currently carries out regular cleaning in several city parks and the Skolkovo Innovation Center.

Pixel was designed, entirely engineered, and assembled in Moscow. It combines modern design, cutting-edge technology, and innovative solutions. Pixel can reach speeds of up to 10 kilometers per hour and operate for up to 16 hours a day with intermittent recharges, cleaning up to two hectares of land—2.5 times more than other robots.

The developers also paid attention to safety. They equipped the robot with a multi-sensor navigation system and computer vision technology. This allows Pixel to confidently navigate its environment and avoid collisions.

In 2026, Moscow plans to expand the use of innovative technology and test new types of attachments. These include leaf and pine blowers and snow removal and de-icing equipment. Furthermore, the robot is also planned for use in other industries, such as repair work, construction, and landscaping.

Pixel solves the labor shortage problem and opens up vast opportunities for new professions. For example, even people with limited mobility can remotely control and monitor the robot. The implementation of such technologies allows for the digitalization and automation of cleaning processes, providing full control over task execution and saving on consumables. The use of an electric motor makes the robot environmentally friendly and comfortable for city residents.

Earlier, Sergei Sobyanin told the President of Russia about the development of the capital's unmanned systemsThanks to the synthesis of domestic scientific, educational, and industrial potential, a new industry is being created in the city. Vladimir Putin noted that Moscow is the undisputed leader in creating an economy based on unmanned systems, and this experience should be shared with other regions.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX AndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

In the two months since the Moscow Tram Diameter was launched, passengers have made more than 3.8 million trips.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The capital has summed up the results of the first two months of operation of the first Moscow Tram Diameter (MTD).

This innovative form of transportation, operating to the standards of an above-ground street metro, has demonstrated impressive popularity. The modern, autonomous "Lvenok-Moscow" trams have completed over 23,000 trips in two months of operation. During this time, they have traveled a total of 617,000 kilometers—that's more than 15 full laps around the planet.

"The First Moscow Tram Diameter has become the most popular tram route. In two months, Muscovites have taken over 3.8 million trips on it. This result demonstrates that the diametric tram route format, with its minimal intervals and modern trams, is extremely convenient for passengers. Following Sobyanin's instructions, we continue to develop the tram network and integrate it into the city's unified transport ecosystem to make trips even faster and more comfortable," noted the Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Transport and Industry.

Maxim Liksutov.

The Moscow Central Diameters (MCD) provides transportation links between several districts of the city and offers passengers convenient transfers to metro stations and the Moscow Central Diameters (MCD). The line operates modern, autonomous "Lvenok-Moscow" trams, distinguished by a high level of comfort and technological advancement. The new trams can travel over five kilometers autonomously, without being connected to overhead wires. On route T1, the autonomous section is located on Akademika Sakharova Avenue between Three Stations Square and Chistoprudny Boulevard; its length is 2.1 kilometers.

The first Moscow tram diameter connected 13 districts in four arrondissements of the capital and provided convenient transfers to 24 metro stations, the Moscow Central Circle, the Moscow Central Diameters, and four central railway stations (Leningradsky, Yaroslavsky, Kazansky, and Paveletsky).

The successful launch of the first Moscow Tram Diameter confirms the effectiveness of the strategy to modernize tram infrastructure and create new, convenient routes, allowing Moscow residents to save travel time and navigate the city with maximum comfort.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX And Telegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

An expert commission from the Moscow Veterinary Committee will help protect the rights of pet owners.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

In the capital Veterinary Committee The launch of a new service—pre-trial veterinary examination—was announced. A specialized expert commission was created at the State Budgetary Institution "Mosvetoedinenie" to protect the rights of animal owners and resolve disputes objectively out of court.

When is an examination needed?

A pre-trial veterinary examination may be required in a number of cases, including assessing the quality of veterinary services, determining the cause of an animal's illness or death, disputes with veterinary clinics, breeders, feed manufacturers, or other parties, as well as in any other situations that require specialized veterinary knowledge.

After conducting an examination and receiving an independent opinion, the animal owner can assess their chances of receiving compensation for damages and have the opportunity to settle the dispute out of court.

Commission capabilities

State Veterinary Service specialists conduct several types of examinations. Specifically, they examine cases of improper veterinary care, harm to a pet's health (due to injuries, traffic accidents, or cruelty), conduct pathological examinations to determine the cause of death, and conduct feed quality assessments. They also prepare official state veterinary expert reports for submission to courts, insurance companies, and other interested parties as part of pre-trial settlements.

The advantage of using state veterinary service experts is their high level of training, as well as their many years of experience in the industry and the availability of a modern technical base that allows them to conduct the full range of necessary laboratory tests.

Procedure for applying

Detailed information on the application procedure and conditions for conducting an examination, as well as the application form are available on the website of the State Budgetary Institution "Mosvetoedinenie" in the section Pre-trial veterinary examination.

To receive a consultation and schedule a service, please contact MOVE-vetexp@vet.mos.ru by email or call our 24-hour contact center at 7 495 612-12-12.

The creation of the expert commission will mark a new stage in the development of Moscow's veterinary services, aimed at ensuring the legal protection of animal owners and raising the standards of veterinary care in the city.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX AndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

From assistant driver to logistician: what specialties are in demand at the Moscow Transport College

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The most popular destinations inMoscow Transport College Last year, the following positions were awarded: "Assistant Driver," "Technical Operation of Rolling Stock," and "Operational Activities in Logistics." This was reported by the capital's press service. Department of Education and Science.

"Currently, the college enrolls over 3,700 students in 12 in-demand programs, including rolling stock maintenance, assistant driver training, transportation management, and more. In 2025, the number of state-funded places was increased by 60 percent, resulting in over 1,500 students entering their first year. The most popular programs were "Assistant Driver," "Rolling Stock Maintenance," and "Logistics Operations." Last year, the college graduated over 700 young professionals, 95 percent of whom were working at major companies in the transportation industry by the end of their studies," the department's press service reported.

This year, one of the capital's leading specialized educational institutions celebrates its 105th anniversary. Its history began in January 1921 with the opening of the Northern Railways Apprentice School. The college trains personnel for transportation in Moscow and beyond.

The Moscow Metro is the university's main strategic partner. Since 2021, they have been jointly implementing a project to promote early student employment and integrate them into the corporate community. Nearly 90 percent of senior students begin working in various Metro departments during their internships and pre-graduation placements, successfully combining employment with their studies.

The training programs are updated annually to meet employer requirements. With the support of the Moscow Government, graduates take a demonstration exam in a real production environment—right at the depot, using operating rolling stock. Over 250 students are studying under targeted contracts with the metro. The college collaborates with over 50 partner employers, including the Central Suburban Passenger Company, Metrovagonmash-Service holding company, Moslift, Mosgortrans, VSM-Service, and others.

"105 years is a journey spanning several generations, filled with hard work, professionalism, and service to the city. Behind this milestone stand the teachers and masters who passed on knowledge and traditions, the graduates who ensured the smooth operation of the capital's transportation system, and the students who are just beginning their professional careers. Today, the college combines respect for its rich history with modern educational standards and technologies, training specialists who determine the safety, sustainability, and development of the metropolis. This anniversary is our shared pride and a great responsibility for the future of Moscow's transportation education," shared Anna Pechenaya, director of the college.

College today

The college's facilities are constantly being modernized. Thirteen laboratories have already been renovated, including unique ones such as vertical transport, rolling stock control, and electrical power plants and substations. This academic year, students are learning their trades at sites that recreate real production processes.

For example, to train highly qualified energy specialists, the power plant and substation laboratory is equipped with a modern traction substation, high-precision electrical measuring devices, and microprocessor-based relay protection and automation terminals. This allows for the simulation of various power system operating modes, commissioning and measurement work, and emergency analysis.

Graduate Vladislav Bokov said that for him, the Moscow Transport College is the place where his career begins and his attitude toward the work is shaped for life. He is proud to have received his education at an institution with such a rich history. Here, he says, they not only impart knowledge and hone skills, but also teach responsibility, discipline, respect for work, and the people who benefit from the students' work every day. Vladislav noted that it is very gratifying to see how the college is developing, innovating, and remaining modern while preserving its traditions.

The educational institution offers over 60 clubs, attended by over 95 percent of students. Students can choose from technical, natural science, sports, humanities, and artistic activities. The college team consists of approximately 230 employees, including 101 teachers and 26 vocational training instructors with experience working at Moscow enterprises. Furthermore, all teachers have completed internships at the Moscow Metro.

In 2025, the college joined the international association "Metro", which unites specialized enterprises from Russia, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and the Czech Republic.

Learn more about Moscow education in our official messaging channels. MAX AndTelegram.

Practical training for students at Moscow colleges takes place in modern workshops and laboratories. This facilitates the development of professional skills and aligns with the objectives of the national project. Youth and ChildrenMore information about Russia's national projects and the capital's contribution can be found atspecial page.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX And Telegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.