Category: Moscow Government

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

On September 6 and 7, a number of streets in the center of Moscow will be temporarily closed to traffic in connection with the religious procession.

Thus, on September 6 from 11:00 to 11:20 traffic will be temporarily closed on Petrovka Street from Petrovsky Boulevard to Krapivinsky Lane. In addition, it will be impossible to drive along the section of Krapivinsky Lane from Petrovsky Boulevard to Petrovka Street and along Petrovsky Boulevard from Krapivinsky Lane to Petrovka.

From 17:00 on September 6 until 06:00 on September 7, it will be impossible to drive along the section of Luzhnetsky Proezd when moving towards Khamovnichesky Val Street from 10-letiya Oktyabrya Street to Khamovnichesky Val.

The main traffic restrictions will be on September 7. Thus, from 06:00 to 15:00, Volkhonka Street (from Lenivka Street to Soymonovsky Proezd), Soymonovsky Proezd (from Volkhonka Street to Prechistenskaya Embankment), Prechistenskaya Embankment (from Lenivka Street to Frunzenskaya Embankment), Frunzenskaya Embankment (from Prechistenskaya Embankment to Khamovnichesky Val Street), Khamovnichesky Val Street (from Frunzenskaya Embankment to Novodevichy Embankment) and Luzhnetsky Proezd (from Khamovnichesky Val Street to the intersection with 10th Anniversary of October Street) will be closed to traffic. And from 12:00 to 15:00, it will be impossible to drive along Komsomolsky Prospekt from house 10a, building 7 on Luzhnetskaya Embankment to 3rd Frunzenskaya Street.

In addition, from 00:01 on September 7 until the end of the event, parking will be prohibited on Prechistenskaya Street (from Lenivka Street to Frunzenskaya Embankment), Frunzenskaya Embankment (from Prechistenskaya Embankment to Khamovnichesky Val Street), Khamovnichesky Val Street (from Frunzenskaya Embankment to Novodevichy Embankment), and in Luzhnetsky Proezd (from Khamovnichesky Val Street to the intersection with 10th Anniversary of October Street).

Drivers are advised to choose their route in advance, taking into account temporary changes. All detailed information is available on the official website Traffic Management Center.

Quickly find out the main news in the official channels of the city of Moscow in messengers Max And "Telegram".

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The comprehensive reconstruction of the historic Metallurg stadium on Semenovskaya Embankment in the Basmanny District has been completed.

"By order of the President and with the active support of the Prime Minister, the essentially abandoned territory of the old stadium was transferred to Baumanka. And the city decided to make a gift: on the site of this already depressed territory, a modern sports core was created, including a football field, administrative and household, sports complexes, a sports and fitness center, children's, sports grounds. So by the beginning of the school year, this is a good gift to Baumanka," he said.

Sergei Sobyanin during an inspection of the renovated stadium.

Rector of the Moscow State Technical University (MSTU) named after N.E. Bauman Mikhail Gordin noted that the entire facility has already been put into operation, which both students and teachers are happy about. The stadium will allow them to play sports and develop the qualities necessary for engineers.

"And we must not forget about the large number of residents around, for whom this is a home stadium. Please make sure that they also use all of this," Sergei Sobyanin emphasized.

The Metallurg stadium on the Yauza embankment was built in the early 1920s for workers at the Hammer and Sickle plant. Legends of Soviet sports trained here: track and field athletes Georgy and Serafim Znamensky, hockey players Alexander Yakushev and Gennady Krylov, as well as outstanding football players and coaches Grigory Fedotov, Konstantin Beskov, Valentin Granatkin, Boris Arkadyev and Sergei Kapelkin.

In the 1990s, the stadium hosted home matches for the women's football team "Hammer and Sickle", which took second place in the first ever USSR championship in 1990.

By decision of the Chairman of the Russian Government Mikhail Mishustin, the sports facility was transferred to Bauman Moscow State Technical University in 2022. The stadium reconstruction, which took place in 2024–2025, became part of a large-scale project for the comprehensive development of the university’s territory.

"We have created a modern sports cluster in this place – a football field, a sports and fitness center, children's and sports grounds, made walking routes and comfortable landscaping. It turned out to be a good gift to Baumanka for the beginning of the school year. The students already have a new wonderful educational center, a dormitory, and now there will be a modern sports stadium," Sergei Sobyanin wrote on his account in

messenger MAX.

Source: Moscow Mayor's channel messenger MAX 

Where the old football pitch was, a multi-purpose arena with artificial grass and heating appeared. It is suitable not only for football, but also for rugby.

A modern administrative and amenity complex with a grandstand was built on the stadium grounds — in place of the old one. Several halls were equipped in it — several multi-purpose halls, for wrestling and gymnastics, for yoga and a gym. The building also has coaching rooms, locker rooms, a first aid station and offices for employees. A barrier-free environment was created for people with limited mobility.

For the first time, a central square was arranged on the stadium grounds — a place for walks, meetings and holding mass events (celebrations, awards and concerts). The tiles on it are laid out in an unusual layout and look like floating ice floes. Thus, the stadium is stylistically connected with the university campus, one of the new buildings of which resembles an icebreaker.

A stage can be installed under a special stadium tent; a pavilion-cafe with a summer terrace has been built nearby.

Sports grounds with shelters have been set up near the central square, where you can conduct individual and group activities. For example, you can lay out a mat and do yoga or other types of sports and fitness training.

There is also an area with outdoor exercise equipment, including workout equipment, including a complex in the style of “Russian ninja”.

There are several sports grounds equipped – for playing tennis and beach volleyball, as well as a multi-purpose sports ground for basketball and volleyball.

An indoor two-story sports and fitness complex was built on the site of the outdated riding halls. The building is equipped with a hall for the volleyball super league with the possibility of transformation for other sports (table tennis, basketball, mini-football). The complex also has a training hall and a gym, comfortable locker rooms, coaches' rooms, a first-aid post and a massage room, a number of rooms, for example for storing equipment.

A sports and fitness complex with volleyball courts will appear at the Metallurg stadium

An old abandoned hockey rink has been transformed into a science playground for children, with rest areas for parents.

At the entrance to the territory on the eastern side, a recreational area has been set up: park swings and benches have been placed under the trees and awnings.

The view of the Yauza embankment opened up after the bypass that blocked the view was removed underground. This is how a circular walking health route appeared.

The stadium territory has been landscaped. Over 36.7 thousand square meters of lawns have been laid out, over 130 lanterns and about 140 small architectural forms have been installed. A parking lot for 72 cars has also been organized. Several hundred trees will be planted in winter and spring.

“The renovated Metallurg stadium will once again become an important point of attraction for Baumanka students, residents of the Basmanny District and all sports fans,” Sergei Sobyanin wrote on his account in

messenger MAX.

Source: Moscow Mayor's channel messenger MAX

Football Moscow

Football is one of the most popular sports in the capital: 374,000 people play it regularly. Moscow is represented in the Russian Premier League by four clubs: CSKA, Spartak, Dynamo and Lokomotiv. In addition to championships of professional and amateur football leagues, the city hosts many mass football competitions every year. In 2024 alone, more than 700 tournaments were held. The most famous of them is the Moscow Sports Cup "Leather Ball".

In the capital's sports school system Department of SportsAround 11,000 people play football. Numerous sections operate on the basis of comprehensive schools and commercial sports clubs.

There are 1,425 sports areas for playing football in Moscow, including 138 full-size fields in courtyards, on the grounds of schools, universities and sports facilities, in parks and natural areas.

The infrastructure of big football in the capital includes six large stadiums that are operating or under construction: Luzhniki, Lokomotiv, Spartak, CSKA, Dynamo and Torpedo.

In 2014, the Spartak stadium with 45 thousand seats was built, and in 2016, the CSKA stadium with 30 thousand seats. In 2017, the reconstruction of the Big Sports Arena in Luzhniki, which holds 81 thousand spectators, was completed, and in 2018, the renovation of the Dynamo stadium with 26 thousand seats was completed.

The reconstruction of the Torpedo stadium is planned to be completed in 2026. Its capacity will increase to 15 thousand people.

In recent years, 12 football pitches with artificial turf have been built using funds from the Moscow City Targeted Investment Program. Large sports facilities with football pitches have also been improved and modernized, including:

— sports complex "Moskvich" (South-Eastern Administrative District, Tekstilshchiki district, Volgogradsky Prospekt, building 46/15);

— Avangard stadium (Eastern Administrative District, Perovo, Entuziastov Highway, building 33);

— sports complex "Desna" (Novomoskovsky administrative district, Filimonkovsky district, Ptichnoye settlement, Central street, house 102);

— Frezer stadium (Eastern Administrative District, Veshnyaki district, Yunosti street, building 2);

— Lokomotiv stadium (South-Eastern Administrative District, Lyublino district, Tikhaya street, building 39);

— Metallurg stadium of Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Central Administrative District, Basmanny District, Novaya Doroga Street, Building 11).

The plans include completing the reconstruction of stadiums in the Northern Administrative District. These are Avtomobilist (Savelovsky District, Vyatskaya Street, Building 41) and Molniya (Dmitrovsky District, Lobbenskaya Street, Building 13a).

Moscow sport: how to sign up for a free section onlineMore than 220 sports facilities have been built in Moscow since 2011

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Project "Summer in Moscow" is nearing completion. Its events took place on the streets and parks of the capital for over three months. More than 400 venues hosted 86,000 cultural, sports and entertainment events. They were visited by 51.9 million guests. More about this in on your blog Sergei Sobyanin said.

Compared to last year, the attendance of many city venues has increased by 10-20 percent, and often by 1.5 times — for example, the Green Market on Bolotnaya Square. More than half of the festival guests were Muscovites, about 17 percent of visitors came from the Moscow Region, 15-18 percent of participants came from other Russian regions, and 10-14 percent were tourists from other countries. The project is especially popular among active young and middle-aged Muscovites. A third of the visitors to the Summer in Moscow festival venues are citizens aged 25-44. For many of them, the project has become an opportunity to diversify their family leisure time.

"At the start of the project, we focused on cooperation with city businesses. We offered entrepreneurs to organize their own events within the framework of the general concept of "Summer in Moscow". And this focus has fully justified itself. More than 1.9 thousand companies took part in the 2025 project, which is 73 percent more than in 2024," the Moscow Mayor noted.

According to preliminary estimates, in June-July, the capital's organizations in the public catering, culture and leisure sectors increased their revenue by 24.3 percent (here and below – in comparable prices), and the growth in turnover of cafes and restaurants amounted to 24.1 percent (up to 159 billion rubles) compared to the same period in 2024.

In the first half of 2025, the number of cafes and restaurants in Moscow increased by 655, and the number of summer verandas exceeded five thousand for the first time.

The sports industry increased by 20.7 percent (to 21.5 billion rubles), cinema by 23.8 percent (to 3.8 billion rubles), and theaters and other organizations in the field of performing arts and artistic creativity by six percent (to 10.6 billion rubles).

"Business has made a significant contribution to the summer decoration of Moscow. Eight thousand companies joined the festival. They decorated the facades, verandas and shop windows of their establishments with flowers or provided sponsorship support to the festival locations," added Sergei Sobyanin.

More than 450 times, businesses joined in the implementation of city projects: they held events and created their own thematic sites.

Thus, SberDevice invited everyone to a gaming zone with consoles, VkusVill organized picnic zones and master classes, KidZania installed playgrounds, the pet store Four Paws opened grooming zones for pets, Spirit.Fitness held yoga training, and Yandex Books presented an exhibition of covers of classic works on Rozhdestvensky Boulevard.

If desired, entrepreneurs could organize an event or promotion "Summer in Moscow" on their own site. The StarsCoffee coffee shop, the President dentistry, the MoreKot cat cafe and many other establishments held more than 1,300 events and provided over three thousand different discounts and promotions.

Goods from Moscow manufacturers were well promoted. They could be purchased in one of 12 bright, recognizable pavilions, as well as in the Green Market on Bolotnaya Square. They were visited by over 1.5 million people. 700 Moscow manufacturers presented their goods, and their additional revenue amounted to over 200 million rubles.

"Summer in Moscow" gave us bright emotions and good impressions. And – what is also very important – it had a huge economic effect. This year we were convinced once again that the project is a good catalyst for the development of the city's economy," summed up Sergei Sobyanin.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The Peresvetov Pereulok gallery is opening an exhibition called “Exhibition with Deep Meaning – 2”. It presents works by members of the “Red Circle” art association under the direction of Avdey Ter-Oganyan.

The project continues the tradition of the "Exhibition with Deep Meaning", which took place in 2023. This time, the artists reflect on current themes of art in the modern world. The leitmotif is an ironic statement about the mutually exclusive roles of the artist and the curator.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Registration for the Moscow Autumn Bike Festival, which will take place on September 13, is open website. Two festival towns have been prepared for the participants – on the main square of VDNKh (it will start working at 12:00) and Krylatskaya Street. The rich entertainment program at the finish will last until 18:00.

"On behalf of Sergei Sobyanin, we hold annual cycling festivals in the capital, which bring together tens of thousands of cycling enthusiasts. To make it even more interesting for the participants, we are constantly thinking up new routes around the city. Last year, the Moscow Autumn Cycling Festival was held for the first time along the Moscow High-Speed Diameter and the Alabyano-Baltic Tunnel. The participants liked this route, so we decided to repeat the route this year. We invite everyone to join in!" shared

Maxim Liksutov.

When registering, you need to choose the start time – at 13:00, 14:00 or 15:00. The start time was divided for the convenience and safety of cyclists. The route will pass along two major highways: the Moscow High-Speed Diameter and the North-West Chord.

Quickly find out the main news in the official channels of the city of Moscow in messengers Max And "Telegram".

 

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

.

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The Peresvetov Pereulok gallery is hosting curatorial tours of the new exhibition, “Exhibition with Deep Meaning – 2.” The works of the participants of the “Red Circle” art association under the direction of Avdey Ter-Oganyan are presented here.

The project continues the tradition of the "Exhibition with Deep Meaning", which took place in 2023. This time, the artists reflect on current themes of art in the modern world. The leitmotif is an ironic statement about the mutually exclusive roles of the artist and the curator.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

.

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Over eight years, Moscow entrepreneurs have purchased 27 premises in cultural heritage sites from the city following a competition and restored 18 of them. This was reported by Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Urban Development Policy and Construction Vladimir Efimov.

"Selling premises in historical buildings as part of competitions is a format of cooperation between the city and entrepreneurs, which has been implemented since 2017. Investors purchase real estate in areas with high business activity and, after restoration, can use historical objects for doing business. Thanks to this, the capital's infrastructure is developing, jobs are being created, and architectural monuments are getting a second life. Over more than eight years, entrepreneurs have purchased 27 premises with an area of more than four thousand square meters from the city as a result of competitions. Of these, 18 have already been put in order – this is almost 2.8 thousand square meters of real estate, the rest are still undergoing restoration," said Vladimir Efimov.

In the first half of 2025, two premises in the center and one facility in the northeast and southeast of Moscow were restored.

"The largest number of premises restored since 2017 are located in the center of the capital: five in the Tverskoy district, four in Presnensky, three in Khamovniki, two in Basmanny. Investors have restored one property each and are already using it for business in the Zamoskvorechye and Krasnoselsky districts. The historical value of these buildings makes them attractive to tourists and clients, while after restoration, the premises in them meet modern requirements for comfort and safety. Convenient transport accessibility and developed infrastructure nearby also help attract visitors, creating favorable conditions for business development," she specified. Ekaterina Solovieva, Minister of the Moscow Government, Head of the Department of City Property.

The work that needs to be done to restore the premises in architectural monuments and the deadlines for their implementation are specified in the purchase and sale agreements. Compliance with security obligations is monitored by a special commission, which includes representatives of the Department of City Property andDepartment of Cultural Heritage.

Earlier, Sergei Sobyanin ordered the restoration to be carried out by at least 150 objects cultural heritage annually.

According to the legislation on cultural heritage sites, owners and users of architectural monuments are obliged to preserve their historical appearance. Any work in such buildings is carried out according to an agreed project, with the permission and under the supervision of specialists from the Department of Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow. Administrative and criminal liability is provided for violation of legislation in the field of protection of cultural heritage sites.

Quickly find out the main news in the official channels of the city of Moscow in messengers Max And"Telegram".

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Caring for cultural heritage is one of the most important areas of work for municipal services. Visitors to the forum site "Territory of the Future. Moscow 2030" can try themselves in the role of utility workers in the Horseshoe zone in the Luzhniki Olympic Complex. Here, a model of the Stone Flower fountain has been installed for guests, which can be cleaned with a jet of water under pressure.

Historical and cultural monuments in Moscow are maintained in proper condition with special care. Specialists not only carefully monitor the cleanliness of the objects, but also carry out large-scale work to preserve and restore them.

Thus, fountains in the capital are constantly maintained. Twice a year, before the start of the season and after its completion, city workers thoroughly wash the structures, and during the entire period of their operation, they carry out regular cleaning. In the off-season, specialists also check the functionality of the structures and repair them if necessary.

In 2018–2019, all 14 fountains of the Central Alley were restored at VDNKh, as well as three fountains — cultural heritage sites, including the Stone Flower, a model of which is presented at the forum. This was the first comprehensive restoration for the structures in more than 60 years. Specialists returned them to their historical appearance and completely updated the engineering systems.

The forum "Territory of the Future. Moscow 2030" on September 10 at 18:00 will also feature a lecture by the Museum of Moscow Municipal Economy "What do Moscow fountains hide?". Listeners will be able to learn about the history of Moscow fountains – from the first structures in the estates of Peter the Great to modern light and music complexes. Visitors will be told facts about the fountains of VDNKh, the oldest fountain in Moscow and other fountains in the capital, as well as about the work of specialists who take care of these structures throughout the year.

On the same day at 19:00, there will be a lecture "And I walk, I walk on the bridge", dedicated to the history of bridge construction in Moscow from ancient times to the present day and their maintenance. Since 2011, each road and bridge facility has undergone various types of repairs. Among them are cultural heritage sites of regional significance – the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky and Bolshoy Kamenny bridges. Their major repairs in 2018-2021 were carried out by specialists of the State Budgetary Institution "Gormst" for the first time since their construction – in 80 years.

And at the Moscow Capital Repairs Fund station, guests will try themselves in the role of restorers of cultural heritage sites. They will be able to work with miniature sculptures of chimeras located on the apartment building of the Rossiya insurance company on Sretensky Boulevard, and learn more about the restoration of residential buildings – cultural heritage sites. Visitors will cover the plaster figures with gold leaf and will be able to take the finished work home with them.

Since 2020, specialists from the capital's Capital Repair Fund have restored more than 30 apartment buildings – architectural monuments. Each project is individual, with its own subtleties and details, which the craftsmen carefully restore.

"Territory of the Future. Moscow 2030"— is an opportunity to get acquainted with the future on a city-wide scale by trying out its technologies that are already being used in the capital today. Children and adults will be able to communicate with robots and artificial intelligence, watch modern unmanned transport in action, play on technologically advanced sports grounds, study educational, medical and industrial innovations, immerse themselves in VR space and much more.

A large-scale forum is being held within the framework of the project "Summer in Moscow". From August 1 to September 14, dozens of venues will host cultural, sports, educational and other events dedicated to the development of one of the most modern megacities in the world. Information about the venues and a detailed program are available on the official website of the forum Moskov 2030.mos.ru.

Quickly find out the main news in the official channels of the city of Moscow in messengers Max And "Telegram".

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

A themed train dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the game "What? Where? When?" has begun running in the Moscow metro. In the carriages, passengers can learn about its history, creators, experts and TV viewers. The questions that were asked on air are also posted there.

"Today we are launching the theme train "What? Where? When?" in honor of the anniversary of the legendary game. Over the entire existence of the program, dozens of questions have been dedicated to the Moscow Metro. Congratulations to "What? Where? When?" and wish you many years on the air!" – noted the Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Transport and Industry

Maxim Liksutov.

During the ride, passengers will also hear a themed voiceover with additional facts about the game.

The train will operate on the Sokolnicheskaya line for six months.

The game "What? Where? When?" was first broadcast in Moscow in 1975. It is now held in the Hunter's Lodge in Neskuchny Garden, next to the Park Kultury metro station. Over half a century, the program has given the country dozens of famous experts and has become part of the country's cultural heritage.

Quickly find out the main news in the official channels of the city of Moscow in messengers Max And"Telegram".

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

From June 1 to August 31, the "Theater Boulevard" festival was held in Moscow. Over the summer, more than 1.5 million people visited it, Natalia Sergunina, Deputy Mayor of Moscow. City residents and tourists were treated to performances, play readings, concerts, premieres, creative meetings and master classes.

"The large-scale event brought together three thousand Russian and foreign artists. The audience saw more than a thousand productions in various genres: from operettas and one-man shows to performances for children," said Natalia Sergunina.

The festival took place at 14 venues, where both famous and up-and-coming companies performed. Among the participants were the Oleg Tabakov Moscow Theatre, the Mossovet State Academic Theatre, the A.P. Chekhov Moscow Art Theatre and the A.S. Pushkin Moscow Drama Theatre. Companies from other regions of Russia also came to the festival, such as the V.S. Zolotukhin Altai Youth Theatre, the A.P. Chekhov Sakhalin International Theatre Centre and the Fyodor Volkov Russian State Academic Drama Theatre (Yaroslavl).

Creative master classes were held for visitors. Thus, on Chistoprudny Boulevard, one could create one's own cartoon and learn the basics of stage speech and acting techniques. And on Tsvetnoy Boulevard, vocal and musical instrument classes were held.

Natalya Sergunina added that it was decided to extend the work of the site in the Presnensky district until September 14. Here, for the City Day, a special project "Theater Boulevard. Afterword" will be organized. You can see its poster at official website.

The festival became part of the project "Summer in Moscow" — the main event of the season. The project is aimed at strengthening social and family ties, as well as the personal development of its participants. Thanks to a variety of programs, including educational, cultural and sports events, it unites Muscovites and guests of the city of different ages, social groups and creates conditions for obtaining new knowledge, creative growth and an active lifestyle.

Quickly find out the main news in the official channels of the city of Moscow in messengers Max And "Telegram".

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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