Around 1,300 skating rinks will be operating in Moscow this winter.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

About 1,300 skating rinks will be operating in the capital during the winter season, according to the Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Housing, Utilities, and Urban Development. Petr Biryukov.

"Specialists

urban economy complex "Work is underway to develop winter infrastructure facilities. In total, approximately 1,300 skating rinks will be operating in Moscow this season, including more than 200 outdoor skating rinks with artificial ice and over 1,000 with natural surfaces," noted Pyotr Biryukov.

Artificial ice rinks are already operating in all administrative districts. The largest rinks opened on December 1st – inGorky Park, in the park Sokolniki, on the Tsarskaya Embankment of the Museum-Reserve Kolomenskoye.

Thanks to artificial ice-making technology, skating rinks can operate even in above-zero temperatures. When constructing ice rinks, specialists lay a waterproofing coating and durable ice mats on the leveled base, through which pipes carrying liquid coolant are run. After this, refrigeration units are connected and ice is frozen to a thickness of 10–15 centimeters. Finally, ice resurfacing machines level and polish the surface.

All rinks have the necessary infrastructure: rental points, heating, first aid, security, changing rooms, food outlets, and lighting.

If the air temperature remains below freezing, ice will also be poured onto skating rinks with natural surfaces.

"Winter in Moscow" is the main event of the season. The project aims to strengthen social and family ties, create an atmosphere of unity and mutual support, and provide assistance to those currently defending the Motherland. Through a variety of programs, including cultural, educational, and sporting events, it brings together Muscovites and visitors of all ages and interests, creating an environment for creative development, active recreation, and warm fellowship. Particular attention is paid to supporting participants and veterans of the special military operation and their families, as well as all those providing assistance to the front.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX AndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Sergei Sobyanin congratulated the staff of Hospital 52 on the medical facility's 70th anniversary.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

In December, Hospital No. 52 celebrates its 70th anniversary. This was announced on its channel in MAX messenger Sergei Sobyanin reported.

"This summer, it received the status of a clinical research center for its high level of medical care and scientific potential. Since the beginning of the year alone, the center has treated nearly 80,000 patients inpatients, conducted over 500,000 outpatient visits, and delivered nearly 5,000 newborns," the Moscow Mayor wrote.

Source: Sergei Sobyanin's channel inMAX messenger

The Moscow Clinical Research Center (MCRC) "Hospital 52" houses four city-level competence centers:

— Moscow City Scientific and Practical Center for Nephrology and Pathology of the Transplanted Kidney — a specialized center for the full cycle of treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease;

— Moscow City Scientific and Practical Center for Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Rheumatological Diseases and Autoinflammatory Diseases, also with a full cycle of patient management—from diagnosis to outpatient observation during remission;

— Moscow City Scientific and Practical Center of Allergology and Immunology is the only center in the capital for the treatment of patients with congenital immunodeficiencies;

— an inter-district hematology center that provides a closed-loop treatment cycle for patients with blood diseases, including bone marrow transplantation.

Some types of medical care are unique and rare not only in Moscow but throughout Russia. For example, in 2016, urologists here became the first in the country and second in the world to perform a laparoscopic removal of a donor kidney, as well as the first in Russia to perform a laparoscopic removal of a transplanted kidney on a cancer patient.

Expectant mothers with severe comorbidities (including oncohematology) and donor organs are referred from all over the city to the maternity hospital at Hospital No. 52.

The clinic's cutting-edge status is driven by its staff. Over three thousand people work here, including 24 doctors of medical sciences and 119 candidates of medical sciences.

Together with departments of medical universities and research institutes, the hospital conducts research on 26 topics. For two years in a row, City Clinical Hospital No. 52 has received the Moscow City Prize for achievements in allergology-immunology and urology.

Last year, construction began on the institution's premises. multi-profile buildingIt will unite the maternity hospital and most of the inpatient and outpatient departments. Work is scheduled for completion in 2027.

"On behalf of all Muscovites, I congratulate the team and thank them for their high level of professionalism. I wish everyone good health and prosperity!" added Sergei Sobyanin.

Subscribe to the Moscow Mayor's official channels on messengers MAX AndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Metro passengers can send free postcards to loved ones ahead of the New Year.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

As part of the project Winter in Moscow Themed mailboxes have been installed at eight "Live Communication" kiosks in the Moscow Metro. Passengers will be able to pick up greeting cards of various designs, write a wish, and send free New Year's greetings to their family and friends anywhere in Russia. This was announced by the Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Transport and Industry. Maxim Liksutov.

"In anticipation of the New Year, passengers will be able to write and send free wishes to anywhere in Russia at eight Moscow Metro kiosks. Eight thousand postcards have been prepared for this occasion. The campaign will run until January 11th. We're continuing a good tradition: for major holidays, we install mailboxes at the Live Communication kiosks and distribute themed postcards so passengers can wish their family and friends. We're participating in the Winter in Moscow project at the request of Sergei Sobyanin," explained Maxim Liksutov.

Postboxes can be found in the metro at the Arbatskaya station on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line, the Barrikadnaya station on the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line, the Komsomolskaya and Oktyabrskaya stations on the Circle Line, the Cherkizovskaya station on the Sokolnicheskaya Line, the Turgenevskaya station on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line, the Dmitrovskaya station on the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line, and the Elektrozavodskaya station on the Big Circle Line.

Winter in Moscow— the main event of the season. The project aims to strengthen social and family ties, create an atmosphere of unity and mutual support, and provide assistance to those currently defending the Motherland. Through a variety of programs, including cultural, educational, and sporting events, it brings together Muscovites and visitors of all ages and interests, creating an environment for creative development, active recreation, and warm communication. Particular attention is paid to supporting participants and veterans of the special military operation and their families, as well as all those providing assistance to the front.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX AndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

The online historical and cultural museum "Moscow Code" has launched a new exhibit.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

In the historical and cultural online museum Moscow Code A new exhibition has opened. It includes more than 100 archaeological finds discovered over the past three years. The ancient artifacts were found inOld Coin AndRomanov alleys, onTverskoy AndYauzskaya streets, inKitaygorodsky passage and other places that contain information about the city and the life of Muscovites from different historical eras.

"We've systematized finds from various locations in the city and created a virtual exhibition that can serve as a reference for Moscow researchers. Among the ancient online exhibits are a glass bracelet, a slate spindle whorl, and a stone cross from the 12th-13th centuries, stove tiles, and ceramic vessels from various periods—from the 17th to the 19th centuries," said the head of the Moscow Department of Cultural Heritage.

Alexey Emelyanov.

Information about the presented archaeological finds can be integrated into city tours, as it provides an idea of how our ancestors lived.

The exhibition is divided into eight sections based on the location of the objects' discovery. The most extensive of these is the finds Chizhevsky courtyardHere are images and descriptions of about 40 rarities. Of particular interest is the porcelain collection found during research onBolshaya Tatarskaya StreetThe exhibition explores how porcelain tableware appeared in Rus' and when it became part of Muscovites' everyday lives. Among the interesting finds presented in the section Zamoskvorechye, ceramic pastry moulds and fragments of the metal emblem of the grenadier regiment.

You can also explore the exhibition's exhibits interactively. The "Discover Moscow" portal offers a quiz dedicated to the most interesting facts about archaeological artifacts.

Sobyanin: Moscow archaeologists have assembled a collection of tiles with a double-headed eagle.

Some of the items featured in the online exhibition are in archaeological facilities preparing scientific reports, while others are in restoration workshops.

Since 2011, Moscow archaeologists have discovered more than 140,000 objects. Over 50,000 of these have been restored and donated to Moscow museums over the past five years.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX AndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Additional income and a safety net: Muscovites learn how to build long-term savings

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

On December 18 and 19, the Moscow Financial Literacy Center, together with the Moscow Government's Human Resources Services Department and partners, will host webinars dedicated to the long-term savings program.

"Savings are an important tool for consciously managing your life and ensuring security, freedom, and confidence in the future for yourself and your loved ones. Building reserves for unexpected expenses to protect against sudden financial challenges is the first and necessary step. But true financial stability is built on long-term savings. Preserving and growing your wealth requires deeper knowledge and discipline. Proper planning for years to come will allow you to achieve important financial goals and create additional resources for special life situations," she explained.

Elena Zyabbarova, Minister of the Moscow Government, head of the capital's Department of Finance.

The Long-Term Savings Program is a tool that allows citizens to build a financial safety net and provide additional income to their pensions with government support. Webinar attendees will learn about its benefits and operating principles. They will also learn about the mechanisms for participating in the program.

The webinar speakers will be Alexey Denisov, Vice President of the self-regulatory organization "National Association of Non-State Pension Funds," and Natalia Kamenskaya, Head of the Department for Regulation of Non-State Pension Funds at the Financial Policy Department of the Russian Ministry of Finance.

During the online meetings, experts will discuss the program's operating principles and key benefits, including tax incentives and government guarantees for the safety of funds. Special attention will be given to practical issues, such as how to use the long-term savings program to increase your savings and achieve long-term financial goals. Participants will also learn how to transfer previously accumulated pension savings into the program. Participants will also have the opportunity to ask the experts any questions they may have.

The webinars will be held on the Online University platform of the Moscow Government's Personnel Services Department on December 184:00 PM and December 19th10:00.

You can learn how to invest wisely through an individual investment account on the portal myfinances.rf.

You can follow announcements of financial literacy events taking place in 2026 on the Telegram channel Open Budget of Moscow, messenger MAX and on the portal Open Budget of the City of Moscow.

Get the latest breaking news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX AndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

What charity events are taking place in the city as part of Winter in Moscow?

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

At the project sites Winter in Moscow This season, many charity events and other interesting and useful activities will be held for children and adults.

Residents can participate in workshops, write letters or create postcards for special military operations (SMO) fighters, bring gifts to collection points, or provide other assistance to those in need.

Good shares

A charity event has been taking place in the capital since the beginning of December. "Make a wish come true"Charitable foundations, social centers, and special educational institutions have collected children's letters to Father Frost, which are published on the website executor.mosdmm.ruAnyone can click the "Make a Wish Come True" button, purchase a gift, and bring it to the Moscow Directorate of Mass Events office within three days. All gifts will be delivered to children closer to the New Year. The campaign will end on December 29, when the wishes of all children who participated will be fulfilled.

On December 20th and 21st, as well as on December 27th and 28th, anyone can join the "Letters of Kindness" campaign. Muscovites can sign and send free holiday cards with warm wishes to parents, grandparents, siblings, as well as to participants in special military operations and residents of new regions. Volunteers will be available on weekends from 5:00 PM to 8:00 PM at the project's locations. Winter in Moscow: at the skating rink in Kuzminki Park and on Chicherina Street (8, building 1), as well as at the skating rink on the territory of the Northern River Terminal Park (51 Leningradskoye Shosse) and at the skating rink on Tsarskaya Embankment of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve.

A campaign is being held in the capital until the end of December "The Course of Good"Muscovites can donate classic board games and other games to military personnel undergoing treatment in hospitals. Donations are accepted at humanitarian aid collection centers, the "Gift Factory" pavilions of the "Moscow Helps" project, and volunteer centers. Good PlaceYou can find out about the operating hours of the collection points atwebsite.

Master classes in support of SVO participants

On December 20, at the skating rink in Nikulino Park (86d Vernadsky Avenue) master class A workshop on creating triangular letters for soldiers stationed in the special operation zone. The event is organized by the Association of Cultural Centers of the Western Administrative District. The workshop will run from 6:00 PM to 8:00 PM, and admission is free. All necessary materials will be provided on site.

On December 21, the Youth Chamber of the Troparevo-Nikulino District Administration will hold a meeting there. master class Greeting card making. Residents will be able to express their support for the SVO participants and write them words of gratitude and warm wishes. The event begins at 5:00 PM. Admission is free.

On the same day, a master class on weaving camouflage nets will be held at the skating rink in the Vnukovo district (31 Rasskazovskaya Street). Truth in FaithThe team of volunteers welcomes everyone; no experience is necessary. The class will provide the necessary materials and explain the technique of making nets, which will then be sent to a special military operation zone. Entry is free and begins at 1:00 PM.

Daily activities

During the Journey to Christmas festival, as part of the project Winter in Moscow At the Kinodom site, master class participants can record video greetings for participants in a special military operation.

Kind words will give soldiers a touch of warmth and a festive spirit during their service. Professional videographers will help with the shots and lighting, ensuring each message is truly heartwarming. There's no need to prepare the text in advance—you can speak from the heart, spontaneously, or from a sketch.

"Kinodom" is open on weekdays from 15:00 to 18:45, on weekends and holidays from 12:00 to 18:45 at the festival sites onGorodetskaya Street, Pererva Street, Glory SquareEntrance to the sites is free.

For the fourth time, the capital is hosting the "Kind Tree" charity event, which brings a New Year's miracle to the beneficiaries of non-profit organizations. This year's participants include children whose fathers are defending the Motherland.website Hundreds of children's cherished stories have already been collected. Kind Christmas trees with wish-filled balls can also be found at the Central Children's Store, Zaryadye Park, the Dream Island amusement park, and other city venues. Simply pick up a ball and fill out an application to make someone's dream come true. The campaign is open both in person and online and will run until the end of February.

More than 30 Gift Factory pavilions will be open throughout the city until February 28. Moscow is helpingVolunteers accept gifts for special military operation participants and children living in the new regions, pet supplies for homeless animals, and offer to sign cards. The Gift Factory pavilion on Tverskaya Square is open daily from 10:00 AM to 9:00 PM. The festival grounds on Novy Arbat Street (Building 13) and Revolution Square are open weekdays from 10:00 AM to 9:00 PM, and on weekends and holidays from 10:00 AM to 10:00 PM. Pavilions in other districts are open Monday through Friday from 11:00 AM to 9:00 PM, and from 10:00 AM to 9:00 PM on weekends and holidays.

As part of the "Feed a Friend" campaign, Gift Factory pavilions also offer food donations for evacuated animals housed in shelters in the Belgorod and Kursk regions. Additionally, the "Light of Kindness" campaign is underway to collect reflective bracelets, stickers, and other items to improve visibility in the dark for residents of border regions.

The events are organized with the support of Department of Culture, Department of territorial executive authorities, Committee for Public Relations and Youth Policy of the City of Moscow, Department of Trade and Services.

Winter in Moscow— the main event of the season. The project aims to strengthen social and family ties, create an atmosphere of unity and mutual support, and provide assistance to those currently defending the Motherland. Through a variety of programs, including cultural, educational, and sporting events, it brings together Muscovites and visitors of all ages and interests, creating an environment for creative development, active recreation, and warm communication. Particular attention is paid to supporting participants and veterans of the special military operation and their families, as well as all those providing assistance to the front.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX And Telegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Large-scale landscaping will be carried out in the north, northwest, and west of Moscow.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

More than seven thousand trees are planned to be planted in the Northern, Northwestern, and Western administrative districts of Moscow in the construction zone of a key element of the city's transportation network—the highway from Leningradskoye Shosse to 3rd Magistralnaya Street.

Specialists are already selecting suitable sites. Plans call for large areas to be landscaped in the districts along the highway, as well as targeted plantings in courtyards, parks, squares, and recreation areas.

In addition, large trees will be planted in green belts near transport infrastructure. Work will continue throughout the entire road construction period, until 2028.

Trees: from maple to pine

Green spaces are important for the city's ecology and the creation of a comfortable environment. Large trees enrich the air with oxygen and cleanse it of dust, and they also support biodiversity by providing habitats for birds and pollinating insects. Furthermore, green foliage absorbs noise, humidifies the air, and makes it cooler in hot weather.

To ensure the trees thrive, specialists carefully select the right species. Maples, lindens, and ornamental apple trees have proven successful in Moscow: they are quite resilient in the urban environment, show high survival rates, thrive, and add aesthetic appeal to the urban landscape.

These species will form the basis of greenery in northwest Moscow. They will be planted alongside other deciduous trees, as well as conifers such as spruce and pine. This will help the city meet its demand for more conifers. They improve the air quality thanks to the phytoncides they contain and provide a year-round delight to Muscovites.

Sergei Sobyanin announced the completion of the improvement of Volgogradsky Prospekt.Linden trees, oaks, and barberries will decorate Profsoyuznaya Street and 60th Anniversary of October Avenue.

Experts are currently identifying areas for landscaping. Trees are being planted in courtyards, along roadsides, and in parks and squares. Additional green spaces are planned for new neighborhoods. Vacant lots will be replaced by compositions of trees planted in several tiers, along with plants of varying flowering periods. This large-scale landscaping in northwest Moscow will create new popular spots for residents to relax year-round, spend time with their families, and play sports.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX AndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Viewers of online broadcasts from the Moscow Zoo can take part in a quiz about honey badgers.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Spectators online broadcasts from the Moscow Zoo, which is under the jurisdiction of the capital Department of Culture, can take part in the new animal quiz, produced in collaboration with the Active Citizen project. It's dedicated to honey badgers, who have become the subject of broadcasts on the mos.ru website.

The quiz consists of eight multiple-choice questions. It is available atpage with online broadcasts from the honey badger enclosures at the Moscow Zoo, as well as on the website and in the mobile app of the Active Citizen project.

To prepare for the quiz and achieve your best score, you can use your experience observing honey badgers, as well as the educational facts available on the live stream page, the Moscow Zoo's official website, and its social media pages. Questions will explore the unique characteristics of honey badgers: their habitat, their lifestyle in the wild, their diet, and their care at the Moscow Zoo.

Honey badgers are active and fearless predators from the mustelid family, Guinness World Record holders, and among the most charismatic inhabitants of the Moscow Zoo. Their distinctive black and white coloring and untamable nature attract visitors. In the wild, these animals inhabit a wide variety of habitats, from forests to mountains. At the zoo, comfortable conditions have been created for them: during the cold season, they live in a warm indoor enclosure in the "African Animals" pavilion in the new area, and in the summer, they are moved to an outdoor enclosure. Staff regularly conduct training sessions with the honey badgers and enrich their environment, such as hiding treats to stimulate their natural instincts. Online broadcasts allow visitors to see how agile, playful, and resourceful they are.

The online broadcasting project from the Moscow Zoo is being implemented jointly with the capital's Department of Information TechnologyEvery day, viewers from across the country observe several species of bears, cats, other predators, primates, herbivores, and birds on its pages. The project is regularly expanding and evolving, allowing visitors to admire rare animal species online.

These quizzes are a great opportunity for viewers to interactively test and reinforce their knowledge of the animals they watch online, and learn interesting facts about their favorites. This is the fifth quiz about popular characters from Moscow Zoo's online broadcasts on the mos.ru portal. Previously, city residents had the opportunity to answer questions aboutpandas, manule, capybaras Andmeerkats.

Project Active Citizen has been running since 2014. Since then, more than seven million people have joined, and over seven thousand votes have been conducted. Every month, 30 to 40 Muscovites' decisions are implemented in the city. The project is being developed by the State Public Institution "New Management Technologies" and the Moscow Department of Information Technology.

The creation, development and operation of e-government infrastructure, including the provision of mass socially significant and other services, as well as services in electronic form, corresponds to the objectives of the national project "Data Economy and Digital Transformation of the State" and the Moscow regional project "Digital Public Administration." More information about Russia's national projects and the capital's contribution can be found atspecial page.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX And Telegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Sobyanin: Construction of a pedestrian crossing near Kornilovskaya station has been completed.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Near the Kornilovskaya station Trinity Line A comfortable overpass was built. Sergei Sobyanin announced this on his channel in messenger MAX.

"We integrate all new metro stations into the urban environment and infrastructure, carefully considering every detail. Near Kornilovskaya, there is an agricultural cluster and large shopping malls. The station itself is located along the busy Kaluga Highway at the intersection with Admirala Kornilova Street. Tens of thousands of people travel here daily. We expect that the new crossing will increase passenger traffic even more," the Moscow Mayor wrote.

Source: Sergei Sobyanin's channel inMAX messenger

The new overpass was connected to the existing one, and elevators were installed on each side. Now you can cross the street. Admiral Kornilov and Kaluga Highway It became more comfortable and safer.

In addition, for the convenience of residents, a well-developed pedestrian system with recreation areas has already been created near the station, and landscaping work has been carried out on the area.

Subscribe to Sergei Sobyanin's official channels on messengersMAXAndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Moscow is preparing to begin testing its fourth driverless tram.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The fourth driverless tram is preparing for testing in the capital. This year, the technology will be deployed on the three-section "Vityaz-Moscow" tram, which will begin trial runs. The goal is to prepare for the eventual launch of regular passenger service on the Krasnopresnenskaya tram network.

For initial testing, specialists from the Unmanned Transport Research and Development Center install lidars, cameras, and radars in the train car, equip a workstation for employees, and connect specialized systems and test their functionality.

"As part of the transport development strategy approved by Sergei Sobyanin, two-thirds of the capital's tram fleet will be equipped with driverless technology by the end of 2030. And by 2035, innovative solutions will be implemented on approximately 90 percent of Moscow's trams. This will ensure even greater reliability and schedule adherence," said Moscow Deputy Mayor for Transport and Industry.

Maxim Liksutov.

He also added that in September 2025, Russia's first fully driverless tram, "Lvenok-Moscow," began operating in the capital, operating on a standard eight-hour shift schedule daily. During this time, passengers have taken over 45,000 trips. In addition, two driverless test trams have entered service, collecting data to create a high-precision map of new routes and test the developed functionality.

By the end of 2026, 15 trams at the Krasnopresnensky depot will be operating in driverless mode. The technology was developed by metro staff and is owned by the Moscow Government.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX And Telegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.