Key IAEA events in 2026

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International Symposium on Standards, Applications and Quality Assurance in Medical Radiation Dosimetry (IDOS3)October 5-9, Vienna, Austria

Medical radiation dosimetry is the science and practice of measuring ionizing radiation doses received by patients during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. IDOS 2026 will continue the work begun at previous symposia in 2010 and 2019. Specifically, it will examine advances in dosimetry standards, auditing, and quality assurance in radiation therapy, diagnostic radiology, and nuclear medicine, thereby ensuring patient safety and metrological comparability.

Read also: What is radiation therapy? 

What are radiopharmaceuticals?

International Conference "Nuclear Fuel Supply Systems as a Basis for Sustainable Development of Nuclear Energy" October 13–15, Vienna, Austria

As some countries plan to expand their nuclear energy programs to meet climate goals and ensure energy security, demand is increasing in industries related to the front end of the fuel cycle—from uranium exploration to uranium enrichment and fuel fabrication. The conference will discuss traditional fuels and advanced nuclear fuels such as HALEU, based on uranium enriched up to 20% for advanced reactors. Other aspects of the supply chain will also be considered, including new fuel designs, circular economy approaches, and other innovations. An essay competition for young professionals will be held in advance of the event, providing them with the opportunity to contribute to the conference.

Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Energy, October 27–29, Incheon, Republic of Korea

The conference will be held in Incheon, Republic of Korea, from October 27 to 29, 2026. Detailed information will be published on IAEA events portal.

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The IAEA and Central Asian countries are expanding cooperation on the safe management of former uranium deposits.

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January 14, 2026

Jonah Helwig, IAEA Department of Nuclear Safety and Security

Experts visit an environmental rehabilitation site in Yangiabad, Uzbekistan. Photo: Government of Uzbekistan

The IAEA has published a new strategic master plan for cooperation, which envisages continued collaboration with Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, as well as international organizations, to restore the environment at uranium legacy sites by 2030.

These objects uranium Legacy sites are former uranium mining, milling, and enrichment facilities that operated from the mid-1940s to the 1990s and were subsequently abandoned without plans for safe closure and decommissioning. The IAEA's Coordination Group on Uranium Legacy Sites (CGULS) assists countries in ensuring the safe management of these sites and their radioactive and toxic residues to protect people and the environment.

“The new plan, building on our cooperation since 2017, aims to strengthen regulatory, technical, financial and human resources to ensure the long-term management of environmental remediation sites in line with IAEA safety standards,” said Hildegaarde Vandenhove, Director of the IAEA’s Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety.

The new plan can be viewed follow the link.

The plan was presented in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, in October 2025 and will guide future activities of the IAEA, international organizations and partner countries, with a focus on monitoring, maintenance, record-keeping and ongoing stakeholder engagement to ensure the safe and productive use of remediated areas.

Eight years of progress

In accordance with original plan Adopted in 2017, seven uranium legacy sites in Central Asia were identified as high-priority sites for environmental remediation due to the risks they posed to nearby communities and the environment. Since then, four of the seven sites have been successfully remediated—two in Kyrgyzstan and two in Uzbekistan—allowing local communities to safely use these lands.

Work at the fifth site in Kyrgyzstan, one of the largest and most technically complex, continues. Environmental rehabilitation of this site is expected to last until 2032. In Tajikistan, rehabilitation of one site is partially complete, while work has not yet begun at another.

In addition to ensuring the safe management and reuse of high-priority sites, the new plan also includes measures for environmental remediation at lower-priority sites. These include sites that pose lower environmental, social, and economic risks and were not covered by the previous plan.

"I firmly believe that the work of the IAEA Coordination Group on Uranium Legacy Sites serves as a clear example of how the collective efforts of the international community, united by a common goal – protecting people and the environment – can produce concrete and long-term results," said Sardorbek Yakubekov, Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Industrial, Radiation, and Nuclear Safety of Uzbekistan, opening the signing ceremony.

IAEA support for uranium legacy sites

KGOUN has been supporting Central Asian countries since 2012, providing practical advice on environmental remediation strategies, sending expert missions to facilitate the progress of restoration work, and assisting in capacity building and the development of a legal framework for the remediation of uranium legacy sites.

The Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Crisis includes the IAEA, the European Commission, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, as well as other international organizations and IAEA member states. More detailed information is available follow the link.

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Update 336 – Statement by the IAEA Director General on the situation in Ukraine (EN)

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The IAEA has initiated consultations to establish a temporary ceasefire zone in the area where Ukraine's Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) last remaining back-up 330 kV line was damaged and disconnected as a result of military activity on January 2, leaving the plant entirely dependent on its sole functioning 750 kV line, Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi said today.

The proposal requests both the Russian Federation and Ukraine to agree to a temporary ceasefire zone at a location approximately 10 kilometers from the Zaporizhzhya Thermal Power Plant 330 kV open switchyard, to enable Ukrainian technicians to safely perform the necessary repairs.

The latest ceasefire proposal comes after successful repairs werecarried out under an IAEA-brokered local ceasefire on 30 December, marking the third time in recent months when temporary truce arrangements negotiated and overseen by the IAEA allowed work on power lines critical for nuclear safety that had been damaged during the conflict.

“The IAEA remains actively engaged with both parties to ensure nuclear safety and security at the plant,” said Director General Grossi. “We are confident that the Russian Federation and Ukraine will continue to cooperate constructively with us to carry out these essential repairs and reduce the risk of an accident.”

Over the past week, the IAEA team present at the ZNPP has also reported a significant increase in military activities in the areas surrounding the ZNPP, including some explosions heard close to the site.

Throughout Ukraine, IAEA teams present at the country's operating nuclear power plants (NPPs) – Khmelnytskyy, Rivne and South Ukraine – and the Chornobyl NPP site have reported that military attacks on the country's electrical infrastructurecontinue to impact nuclear safety at the plants. One NPP reduced its power output on December 25 when military activity caused one power line to be damaged and disconnected.

Due to persistent military activity on the country's power infrastructure Director General Grossi announced that the IAEA is preparing another expert mission to Ukraine's electrical substations.

"These substances are critical for nuclear safety and security as they supply electricity for reactor cooling and other essential safety systems. The IAEA has the expertise to assess the direct implications of the continued deterioration of Ukraine's power grid on the safety of its nuclear power plants," he added.

In the past weeks, two deliveries were completed as part of the IAEA's comprehensive program of assistance to Ukraine. The deliveries consisted of radiation portal monitors intended for the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology and six water level meters for the South-Ukrainian subdivision of the State Enterprise “Ukrainian Geological Company” within the framework of the IAEA Support and Assistance Mission to the Kherson Oblast (ISAMKO) program. The deliveries – which brought the total number of shipments to Ukraine to 196 since the start of the war – were made possible with funds from Japan and Sweden.

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IAEA launches new e-learning course on PET/CT imaging for cancer diagnosis

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IAEA launches new e-learning course on PET/CT imaging for cancer diagnosis

The aim of this course, developed on the basis of evidence and consensus guidelines from the IAEA Human Health Programme, is to teach the principles of optimal and appropriate use of PET/CT in clinical practice.

January 7, 2026

Peter Lee, IAEA Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications

The new IAEA e-learning course includes revised and updated recommendations presented in the publication "Use of PET-CT in the management of cancer patients: a review of the available evidence".

The IAEA has issued a new electronic training course, designed to help medical imaging specialists, oncologists and policymakers effectively use the diagnostic tool combining positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) in the care of cancer patients.

The purpose of this evidence-based and consensus-based course is manualsIAEA human health programs, – training in the principles of optimal and appropriate use of PET-CT in clinical practice.

PET-CT in cancer treatment

"In oncology, positron emission tomography has become the standard of care for many types of cancer and tumors. When combined with computed tomography, it allows physicians to more accurately determine the location and activity of the disease," notes Diana Paes, Head of the IAEA's Division of Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging. "However, despite its clear advantages for more precise and individualized therapy, PET/CT remains virtually unavailable in many low- and middle-income countries. It is crucial to ensure appropriate and effective use of existing imaging technologies so that patients worldwide can receive timely and accurate diagnostics."

To address this need, the IAEA has issued a publication "Use of PET-CT in the management of cancer patients: a review of the available evidence", based on modern medical literature and containing general recommendations for the practical use of PET-CT in cancer treatment.

Diagnostic indicators and clinical impact

To provide additional support to Member States, this IAEA e-learning course outlines the principles of using PET/CT to diagnose cancer, stage it, assess response to multimodal therapy, detect possible recurrences, perform regular follow-up examinations and plan radiotherapy.

This course covers diagnostic indicators and clinical impact for 13 categories of cancer, namely:

central nervous system; head and neck; chest; mammary gland; gastrointestinal tract; urogenital tract; female reproductive system; bones and soft tissues; skin; hematopoietic system; endocrine system; neuroendocrine system; without identified primary lesion.

The course also examines when PET-CT is recommended for planning theranostics—an approach that combines the use of radionuclides for diagnosis and treatment—for prostate cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, neuroblastomas, and a range of other diseases.

Improving efficiency with PET-CT

"By completing the course sequentially or studying sections dedicated to specific cancer types, physicians will be able to appreciate the key benefits of PET/CT," notes Amir Eskander, an IAEA radiologist and one of the project's leaders. "This method helps specialists determine when this technology is appropriate and when it is not, at each stage of a cancer patient's care. The course is a convenient resource that complements updated IAEA guidelines and promotes the appropriate use of PET/CT for the benefit of individual patients."

Access to the course

Medical imaging specialists, healthcare workers and policy makers worldwide can access the new online course through the platform IAEA Human Health Campus.

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IAEA Nutrition Database: Diet, not lack of physical activity, is the main driver of obesity

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In 2022, almost one in eight people worldwide suffered from obesity, and over the past 30 years, this rate has more than doubled among adults and quadrupled among adolescents. This complex and chronic condition, caused by excess body fat, increases the risk of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. However, despite the sharp rise in obesity in industrialized countries, the condition is rare in countries with traditional lifestyles and agricultural economies, often attributed to the more physically active lifestyles of their residents.

The main cause of obesity is a mismatch between calorie intake and energy expenditure. Public health experts often point to two factors: overeating and insufficient physical activity. However, the relative importance of each remains debated, as low activity levels do not always lead to reduced energy expenditure throughout the day.

The lack of diverse and reliable data on calorie intake, energy expenditure, and body composition further complicates such studies. Previously, researchers attempted to answer this question, but most studied populations in agricultural countries, lacked data on body fat mass, or relied on limited information obtained from country-specific data and consumption surveys.

To address this gap, 68 scientists decided to use the IAEA's Doubly Labeled Water Sample Database, which contains energy expenditure measurements taken worldwide using the stable isotope doubly labeled water sample method. This IAEA database, whose data points are distributed across 45 countries, has previously been used by scientists to conduct groundbreaking research on human energy metabolism, develop a predictive equation for assessing the accuracy of self-reported information, and update data on human energy requirements.

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2025 Results: The Most Read Materials in the IAEA's Nuclear What's What Series

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2025 Results: The Most Read Materials in the IAEA's Nuclear What's What Series

December 30, 2025

Emma Midgley, IAEA Office of Public Information and Communication

In 2025, many visitors to the IAEA website were attracted by our scientific and technical materials on the use of nuclear energy, as well as nuclear science and technology.

1. Deepening understanding of nuclear energy

In 2025, one of the most popular materials on the IAEA website was the article "What is nuclear energy?"From it, readers learned how, thanks to the splitting of atoms, it is possible to generate environmentally friendly energy without greenhouse gas emissions.

Most nuclear reactors currently in operation use uranium as fuel. Read the article "What is uranium?", which will help you learn how uranium is mined and processed and why an amount of uranium fuel the size of a chicken egg produces as much energy as 88 tons of coal.

2. Progress in nuclear technology

The use of small modular reactors (SMRs) as a means of powering data centers for artificial intelligence systems is a topic of much discussion, and an article exploring this and other types of advanced nuclear reactors has become one of the most read stories of 2025.

In the article "What are molten salt reactors?" It discusses how passive safety systems in these types of reactors can improve the safety of nuclear power plants and how such reactors are designed to accommodate new types of fuel, in particular thorium.

3. Thermonuclear fusion: one step closer?

Nuclear fusion continues to be seen as a key energy goal, offering a potentially inexhaustible source of clean, greenhouse-gas-free energy. In 2025, the article "What is nuclear fusion?" remained among the site's most-read materials. From this article, readers learned about the development of nuclear fusion worldwide, as well as its differences from the nuclear fission reaction used in traditional reactors.

4. Peaceful applications outside the energy sector

Beyond energy, the IAEA helps countries harness the benefits of nuclear science and technology in medicine, agriculture, and food. In our material about isotopes explains how scientists use isotopes to determine the age and quality of water resources around the world and track environmental pollution. material on radiopharmaceuticals The discussion focuses on how radioisotopes can be used to treat or diagnose cancer and cardiovascular diseases. material about cyclotrons Explains how these important radioisotopes are produced.

In the IAEA materials dedicated to food irradiation and the role of nuclear methods in the fight against soil erosion, explains how nuclear techniques can also help improve food security and agricultural sustainability.

5. Nuclear safety and security

Nuclear safety and security are among the IAEA's most important areas of work. They enable people to benefit from nuclear technology and protect themselves and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. In 2025, the material "What is radiation?" Readers learned about the different types of radiation and its uses in healthcare, energy, agriculture, and industry, as well as safety measures that can protect people from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation.

Those who want to explore this issue in more depth will be interested in the material about universal symbol for ionizing radiation (in English). It explains how international standardization helps raise public awareness of the risks associated with ionizing radiation, thereby reducing the risk of accidental exposure.

6. A two-billion-year-old nuclear reactor

Finally, the story of Oklo, a natural nuclear reactor in Gabon, captured the imagination of many readers. The article describes how, long before the first dinosaurs appeared, natural nuclear reactions occurred in uranium deposits in western Equatorial Africa. Read more about this in the article. Oklo, the only known natural nuclear reactor on Earth, is two billion years old..

The demand for these materials demonstrates the world's commitment to exploring nuclear science and technology to reap its benefits in areas such as clean energy, improved human health, agricultural development, innovation, and many other fields.

Check out other content in the Nuclear What's What series, as well as videos and podcasts in this series. Here.

Specimens from Oklo, donated to the Natural History Museum of Vienna. Photo: Ludovic Ferrière/Natural History Museum

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What is food adulteration and how can nuclear science detect it?

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Each element has its own chemical fingerprint. This fingerprint is based on its atomic composition: neutrons, protons, and electrons. Atoms with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes—they allow scientists to determine whether a product is genuine.

The ratio of stable isotopes in food products can vary depending on various factors, such as time, region, and environmental conditions in which the product was produced. For example, isotope analysis can be used to determine the isotopic composition of carbon contained in honey. This allows for the detection of adulterated honey containing added sugar or syrup. According to Russian research, isotope analysis of oxygen and hydrogen can serve as an indicator of the geographical origin of honey, since the biological materials (nectar) in honey are characterized by the same ratio of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes as local water.

Stable isotopes can be measured using specialized equipment that detects minute differences in the ratio of their heavy and light forms. This information can be used to determine the origin of food products. Stable isotope ratios act like nature's "fingerprint" on food products. This information allows us to determine whether the products we buy have been adulterated or whether they contain the genuine ingredients listed on the label. By tracking these isotopic fingerprints, scientists can also determine the geographical or botanical origin of foods.

Isotopes also make it possible to detect adulteration or complete substitution of food products with cheap ingredients that have identical chemical structures but different isotopic fingerprints. For example, they can help detect the use of synthetic flavors instead of natural ones; high-fructose corn syrup in honey; or orange juice made from concentrate instead of freshly squeezed.

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Update 328 – Statement by the IAEA Director General on the situation in Ukraine (EN)

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Two Ukrainian nuclear power plants (NPPs) have been operating at reduced capacity for the past ten days after a military attack damaged an electrical substation critical for nuclear safety and security, Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said today.

Substations are critical nodes in a country's electrical grid, serving as facilities where voltage levels are transformed and controlled to ensure reliable power transmission. For nuclear power plants (NPPs), they are indispensable for maintaining off-site power supplies that support safety systems and cooling functions, making their integrity vital for nuclear safety and security.

Following the latest military activity targeting a substance, during the night of November 7, the Khmelnitskyy and Rivne NPPs were each disconnected from one of their two 750 kilovolt (kV) power lines. In addition, the grid operator ordered a reduction in electricity output of some of their reactors.

Today, although one of the affected lines has since been restored, the other remains out of service. Three reactors continue to operate at limited power, at the request of the grid operator.

"Reliable off-site power is vital for the maintenance and operation of nuclear safety functions. To this end, Agency experts will, through dedicated expert missions, continue to assess the functionality of substances critical for nuclear safety and security," Director General Grossi said.

The Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) remains connected to the grid after repairs carried out under the protection of IAEA-brokered localized ceasefires in late October and ten days ago.

Ending a month-long outage of off-site power, this has allowed the resumption of maintenance of the plant's safety systems.

However, one of the two off-site power lines that were re-connected thanks to the recent repairs – the 750 kilovolt (kV) Dniprovska line – was again disconnected on Friday evening after the actuation of a protection system. The cause is still being investigated. The IAEA is engaging with both sides to assist in the timely restoration of the line, Director General Grossi said.

The IAEA continues to implement its comprehensive program of assistance to Ukraine in nuclear safety and security.

As part of the program, the IAEA completed partial deliveries of items to the Joint Stock Company Mykolaivoblenergo consisting of electrical cabinets, circuit breakers surge arresters and similar items needed to maintain a reliable power supply for the safe operation of Ukraine's NPPs. Additional items, that are still in production, will be delivered in the coming months. These deliveries were possible with the support from Austria, France, Germany, Italy and the European Union.

In addition, the South Ukraine NPP received 12 gamma dose rate monitoring stations intended to enhance its radiation monitoring capability. The stations, once in operation, will feed also the IAEA's International Radiation Monitoring Information System (IRMIS) with monitoring data, providing information on the radiological situation on the ground in the plant's normal operation and during an accident. The delivery was supported by the European Union.

Ukraine's Central Enterprise for the Management of Radioactive Waste received IT equipment and the Chornobyl NPP received an off-road vehicle. Both deliveries were funded by the United Kingdom and aimed at enhancing nuclear security measures at the two sites.

These deliveries brought the total organized during the conflict by the IAEA to 174, amounting to over €20.5 million.

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IAEA study finds benefits of AI-based contouring for cancer patients

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IAEA study finds benefits of AI-based contouring for cancer patients

An IAEA coordinated research project has demonstrated how AI can expand access to radiotherapy worldwide.

December 19, 2025

Peter Lee, IAEA Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications

Lisbeth Cordero Mendes, IAEA Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications

A radiation oncologist contours a patient's head and neck tumors. Photo: G. Ferraris

A 23-country study demonstrates the safety and benefits of using artificial intelligence in a key and often most labor-intensive step of the cancer treatment process: mapping organs at risk. By adding unique data from low- and middle-income countries to the growing body of scientific evidence, the IAEA Coordinated Research Project (ELAISA study) shows how this technology can expand access to radiotherapy worldwide.

Contouring tumors and surrounding healthy tissue (organs at risk) is essential for the optimal, safe, and effective use of radiation therapy for cancer treatment. However, differences in how different specialists perform contouring (i.e., interobserver variability) can impact both the accuracy and consistency of radiation therapy planning. Previous studies have suggested that instructor-led training workshops can reduce interobserver variability.

Nearly half of cancer patients require radiation therapy at some point, yet access to this type of treatment is underutilized worldwide, in part due to a shortage of clinically trained specialists. According to Lancet Oncology Commission on Radiation Therapy and Theranostics, led by the IAEA, more than 84,000 radiation oncologists will be needed to meet the global demand for cancer treatment, which will be 35.2 million new cases by 2050. “This figure includes an increase of more than 60% in the number of radiation oncologists in 2022,” says the director of IAEA Division of Human Health and commission co-chair May Abdel-Wahab. "As cancer incidence and treatment complexity increase, radiation oncologists will have to dedicate even more time to delineating cancerous tissue and surrounding healthy tissue in settings where their capabilities are already limited."

AI is being considered as an adjunct in the treatment of head and neck cancer

To address these challenges in radiation oncology, the IAEA has explored how artificial intelligence (AI) can assist in head and neck cancer delineation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

AI-based algorithms have shown promising results in automatic structure delineation (autosegmentation), but this has primarily been observed in retrospective studies. Until recently, the actual clinical benefit in the context of LMICs and in terms of interobserver variability remained largely unexplored.

"Using AI to assist with contouring could be an important tool to improve the efficiency of radiation oncologists," Abdel-Wahab notes.

With the participation of radiation oncologists from 22 countries

The IAEA study involved approximately 100 radiation oncologists from 22 different radiotherapy centres in Azerbaijan, Albania, Argentina, Bangladesh, Belarus, Costa Rica, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, North Macedonia, Sudan, Tunisia and Uganda, while Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark provided data on 16 head and neck cancer cases.

During the study, radiation oncologists were randomly divided into two groups: one group used AI to delineate organs at risk, while the other used manual methods. Following an IAEA online workshop on AI-assisted delineation, both groups continued tumor delineation, first using their original approach and then using AI. Six months later, the final phase of the study, using AI, took place.

Improving the quality of contouring using AI

Results from the IAEA Coordinated Research Project demonstrated that AI can not only improve the quality of contouring by significantly reducing interobserver variability, but also reduce the time it takes to complete the contouring process, even without prior instruction. Instruction only improved the quality of contouring for two at-risk organs, but it significantly enhanced the time savings associated with AI-based contouring. This effect was also observed over time during short- and long-term studies of the instructor-led workshop.

ELAISA study "This study shows that training combined with AI-assisted contouring was the most effective strategy for reducing the time it takes to contour," explains Jesper Grau Eriksen, Professor of Clinical Medicine at Aarhus University and one of the lead researchers on the project. "When used appropriately, the safe implementation of AI-based contouring tools could save resources and enable more radiation oncologists, particularly those in LMIC settings, to care for even more patients."

The results of the study were published in the journal "Global Oncology" and presented at annual meetings European Society of Radiotherapy and Oncology.

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In the evacuation zone around the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, international experts are undergoing training on how to effectively respond to nuclear emergencies.

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One of the key elements of the training was the use of the IAEA's International Radiation Monitoring Information System (IRIS). Participants uploaded data collected on-site to a secure training platform and learned to visualize and analyze the results to develop skills for rapid decision-making during nuclear or radiological emergencies.

"Training in real-world conditions, where radiation levels can be measured and emergency response scenarios can be simulated, allows students to develop skills that are impossible to acquire through purely theoretical study," says Ervieu. "This approach is particularly useful for countries like Ukraine, where the ability to quickly and effectively respond to radiological incidents is crucial."

Participants from Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Ukraine participated in the international workshop, demonstrating the IAEA's commitment to building capacity across various regions. The Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a long-standing partner in the IAEA's emergency preparedness activities, continues to support these efforts, ensuring that lessons from the Fukushima Daiichi accident are incorporated into international standards and practices.

The IAEA plans to organize additional workshops in Japan in the future, including a RANET Joint Assistance Team exercise and a workshop on public communications in nuclear emergencies, covering countering the spread of misinformation and disinformation.

"The partnership between the IAEA, Japan, and participating countries plays a vital role in strengthening global nuclear safety," says Ervieu. "Through joint training in Fukushima, we are preparing to address challenges that transcend borders."

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