Category: Global Politics

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November 11, 2025 Climate and environment

Amid rapidly rising temperatures and increasingly frequent extreme weather events, participants at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP30) in Belém, Brazil, are discussing how technology can help adapt to new realities without exacerbating the climate crisis. Particular attention is being paid to artificial intelligence (AI) and energy-intensive cooling systems.

AI is already helping farmers predict droughts and optimize irrigation, but its environmental footprint is raising concerns among experts. At the same time, demand for powerful cooling systems is growing: amid deadly heat waves, they are becoming a necessity, while remaining one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions.

The conference's talks center on the Technology Enablement Program, designed to ensure access to vital innovations for those who need them most. However, progress is slow: intellectual property rules, commercial restrictions, and financial barriers continue to hinder developing countries, despite the growing urgency of the problem.

The Cooling Dilemma

COP30 Executive Director Ana Toni is taking part in discussions on technological solutions that could accelerate the fight against the climate crisis – from early warning systems for floods to satellite monitoring of methane concentrations.

Read also:

COP30: Sustainable cooling technologies will help reduce emissions and save trillions of dollars

On Tuesday, the topic of energy-intensive cooling systems returned to the forefront with the launch of the Beat the Heat initiative, a joint project between Brazil, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and partners from the Cool Coalition. Its goal is to make cooling more affordable and less polluting in a world where deadly heatwaves are becoming the norm.

Demand for cooling systems is expected to triple by 2050 due to rising temperatures and population. Without intervention, emissions from cooling could nearly double, overwhelming energy grids and jeopardizing climate goals.

Artificial intelligence is off the agenda, but in the spotlight

While AI is not on the agenda for formal negotiations at COP30, it is being actively discussed within the Platform for Action, a mechanism designed to mobilize voluntary climate action from civil society, businesses, investors, cities, and regions.

The Brazilian government is highlighting successful projects using AI to improve climate resilience at the forum. One such example is the initiative of Lao researcher Alice Louangrath, who developed an AI-powered irrigation system in Savannakhet Province, which suffers from water shortages and climate stress. Louangrath was awarded the 2025 AI for Climate Action Prize.

According to Luangrath, the system combines soil moisture sensors, groundwater monitoring, and weather data with AI-powered analytics. The technology predicts soil conditions, water availability, and the risk of floods or extreme heat. Farmers receive real-time updates via a mobile app, helping them plan crops and irrigation more efficiently.

In an interview with the UN News Service, she expressed hope that participation in COP30 will help establish partnerships to disseminate this technology to other countries vulnerable to climate shocks. All AI models and data processing tools in her project will be freely available for use and development.

The environmental cost of digital solutions

As AI adoption grows, so do concerns about its environmental footprint.

Lua Cruz, coordinator of telecommunications and digital rights at the Brazilian Institute for Consumer Protection, pointed out that even everyday digital activity – from smartphone use to online communications – depends on the operation of giant data centers.

"These facilities consume enormous amounts of energy and water for cooling, occupy large areas, and require significant mining to produce their components," he explained.

Cruz added that many data centers ignore environmental restrictions, choosing regions with minimal regulation and generous tax incentives.

Brazil, like several other countries, is seeking to attract such facilities—a move that, according to Cruz, could exacerbate water shortages. He cited the moratorium on new data centers in the Netherlands and the dismantling of facilities in Chile and Uruguay, which contributed to droughts.

The Brazilian Institute for Consumer Protection is involved in two legal cases in Brazil. One concerns TikTok's planned data center in Caucaí, near indigenous land; the other concerns a facility in El Dorado do Sul, a city more than 80 percent flooded after devastating floods last year.

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November 11, 2025 Peace and security

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has released a new analytical report warning that transnational organized crime has become one of the most complex and rapidly evolving threats of our time. With the advancement of globalization, digital technology, and increasing geopolitical instability, criminal networks are becoming increasingly diverse, flexible, and difficult to track.

From the Mafia to Cyber Cartels

The report defines transnational organized crime as any serious activity committed by groups for financial or other material gain that transcends national borders. Today, it involves a wide range of actors—from mafias, clans, and drug cartels to cybercriminal networks, armed groups, and even legitimate companies intentionally or inadvertently involved in illicit supply chains.

Some groups, such as street gangs, operate locally, while others, such as the Kompania Bello criminal network, have branches across three continents. Classic mafia structures like Cosa Nostra maintain a hierarchical model, while West African cybercrime groups operate horizontally, bringing together professionals, brokers, and intermediaries, including lawyers and financiers, who help launder proceeds and penetrate the legitimate economy.

Conflicts as a breeding ground for criminal networks

According to the UNODC, armed conflicts not only destroy illicit markets but also create fertile ground for them. Following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, for example, traditional drug trafficking routes were disrupted, but online fraud also increased. In the Sahel, criminal groups smuggle fuel to supply armed groups, and in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, armed groups profit from the illegal mining and export of gold.

Some conflicts flare up precisely because of the struggle for control over smuggling routes or gold mines, as is happening in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. As a result, organized crime not only fuels violence but also weakens trust in states, fostering corruption and undermining the rule of law.

Additionally, there has been a rise in cybercrime emanating from Eastern Europe, where individual groups operate in close collaboration with transnational networks and engage in online fraud, financial scams, and blackmail using artificial intelligence and cryptocurrency.

Shadow power: criminal control of territories

Many criminal groups take control of territories by establishing their own rules—a system of "criminal governance." They may operate through violence and intimidation, or they may win the loyalty of the population by providing jobs or maintaining "order" in areas without effective state authority.

In Latin America, such power is overtly visible, while in other regions it operates covertly but just as destructively. Where groups control territory, the illicit economy generates short-term benefits, but in the long term, it destroys public resources and exacerbates inequality.

Some criminal networks infiltrate prisons, turning them into command centers, while others infiltrate ports and logistics hubs to control the movement of contraband goods and launder the proceeds.

Smuggling as the main source of income

The trade in illicit goods and services remains the primary source of profit for criminal networks. This includes drugs, weapons, people, fuel, gold, timber, and wildlife. Drug trafficking remains the core of the global criminal economy, despite the increasing fragmentation of supply chains. Different groups specialize in specific stages—from cultivation and processing to logistics and distribution—forming temporary partnerships.

In many cases, criminals successfully adapt to changes. For example, the illegal fuel trade in the Sahel has grown due to differences in subsidies, while rising global gold prices have stimulated illegal mining and exports. International sanctions have also provided an incentive for new smuggling channels.

According to UNODC estimates, coca and opium poppy plantations continue to expand, with cocaine production reaching record levels by 2023, and Afghanistan and Myanmar remaining the largest opium producers.

New technologies and artificial intelligence

Online fraud has become a multi-billion dollar industry, with large groups from Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, and Africa operating physical and virtual "deception centers." Fraudsters are increasingly using artificial intelligence to create convincing schemes to defraud individuals and businesses.

The expansion of online gambling and cryptocurrency transactions has facilitated money laundering. In the Mekong region, the casino and virtual asset industry has become one of the main platforms for transnational "laundromat" operations by criminal networks.

Deadly levels of violence

According to UNODC estimates, organized crime claimed approximately 95,000 lives annually from 2000 to 2023—the same number as armed conflict. Latin America and the Caribbean remain the most dangerous regions, with a homicide rate of 19.7 per 100,000 people in 2023, compared to 11.9 in sub-Saharan Africa.

Around 22 percent of all intentional homicides worldwide are linked to criminal gangs, and in the United States, this figure reaches 50 percent. Moreover, the violence is directed not only against competitors or the authorities, but also against civil society: journalists, human rights activists, and entrepreneurs. Between 2020 and 2022, approximately 200 journalists were killed, 20 percent for reporting on crime.

Economic and social losses

Criminal networks undermine the economy, hindering investment and sustainable development. In several Latin American countries, the volume of illicit financial flows from the cocaine trade is comparable to the value of all agricultural exports. In one West African country, losses from illegal gold mining exceed annual government spending on healthcare.

Criminal proceeds fuel corruption, weaken institutions, and fuel a vicious cycle: economic inequality, environmental degradation, and increased violence lead to political instability and further conflict.

A threat to human rights and sustainable development

Organized crime violates fundamental human rights, from the right to life and security to freedom of speech. Human trafficking entails exploitation, violence, and slave labor, while criminal groups' control over territory makes it impossible to protect citizens and undermines trust in the state.

25 years of the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime

Based on the results of 25 years of operation UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo Convention), UNODC identifies ten priority areas for action, ranging from systematic data collection and civil society participation to strengthening international cooperation and integrating gender and human rights approaches.

The report emphasizes that no single State can address this threat alone, and that the implementation of the Convention remains the primary global instrument for protecting against transnational crime and supporting victims.

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November 11, 2025 UN

The top news of the day at the UN and around the world: the situation in Sudan, fundraising for internally displaced persons, the report of the International Criminal Court, sustainable cooling technologies.

The situation in Sudan

Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Tom Fletcher arrived in Sudan. In Port Sudan, he met with representatives of the authorities, partner organizations, and the diplomatic community. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs warns that the situation in North Darfur remains volatile. Although large-scale clashes have subsided, sporadic fighting and drone activity continue. Civilians face threats of looting, forced recruitment and gender-based violence.

Assistance to internally displaced persons

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) today launched its annual global fundraising campaign to assist displaced persons and returnees ahead of the winter months. The campaign's goal is to raise at least $35 million. The funds will be used to repair damaged homes, insulate shelters, provide heating and blankets for children and the elderly, and purchase medicines and hot meals. As UNHCR notes, freezing temperatures have already set in in Afghanistan, leaving thousands of families without adequate shelter. Ukraine is experiencing its fourth winter of full-scale war, with millions of residents increasingly in need of assistance.

ICC report

The annual report of the International Criminal Court (ICC), presented today to the UN General Assembly, emphasizes the need to strengthen cooperation with States and protect the Court's independence. ICC President Tomoko Akane stated that the Court continues to fulfill its mandate despite growing pressure. According to the report, during the reporting period, the Court issued 382 judgments, and significant progress was made in trials for crimes in Darfur, Libya, the Central African Republic, Afghanistan, Palestine, and the Philippines.

Sustainable cooling

Shifting to sustainable cooling methods could be key to protecting people and the planet from the effects of rising heat. Technologies such as passive, energy-efficient, and hybrid cooling with minimal energy consumption could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, save up to $43 trillion, and protect 3 billion people from extreme temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) presented at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP30) in Belém, Brazil.

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November 11, 2025 Peace and security

The peace process in South Sudan is on the brink of collapse, and the humanitarian situation is rapidly deteriorating. Senior UN officials stated this at a Security Council meeting on Tuesday, emphasizing that women and girls are bearing the brunt of the crisis.

UN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix, returning from a visit to South Sudan, reported an increase in ceasefire violations, including aerial bombardments and armed clashes between the parties to the peace agreement. He stated that the unilateral removal of opposition representatives from the transitional government violates the principle of inclusiveness enshrined in the peace agreement and threatens stability ahead of elections scheduled for December 2026.

"The room for compromise is disappearing."

"Trust between key participants in the process is rapidly eroding. The space for compromise is disappearing," Lacroix noted, adding that constitutional reform and transitional security measures are making virtually no progress.

Amid political upheaval, the country is facing a humanitarian catastrophe. More than 7.5 million people are suffering from acute hunger, with 28,000 on the brink of starvation. Floods have displaced more than a million people, and the influx of 1.2 million refugees from war-torn neighboring Sudan is overburdening already fragile government structures.

UN Women Executive Director Sima Bacchus emphasized that women and girls are the most vulnerable in this crisis: “Every day they face climate challenges, hunger, sexual violence, kidnapping, and other threats.”

According to the UN, 260 cases of conflict-related sexual violence, including rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage, were documented in 2024 alone. The situation is particularly alarming in border areas, where resource scarcity and ethnic tensions are fueling outbreaks of violence.

Funding crisis

Bacchus recounted a case in Warap state where a group of armed youths surrounded a girls' school, threatening to kidnap 100 students. Thanks to the intervention of UN peacekeepers, tragedy was averted. "For these girls, the peacekeepers were a lifesaver. It's hard for them to imagine that their protection could be jeopardized by dwindling resources," she said.

Both UN representatives expressed concern about the financial crisis facing the UN mission in South Sudan, which has already begun closing field offices and reducing staff. Lacroix warned that without flexibility from the South Sudanese government, the mission may be unable to fulfill its mandate.

Bacchus called for the 35 percent quota for women's participation in government bodies to be met. "There is no more proven path to sustainable peace than women's leadership," she emphasized.

The UN calls on all parties to the conflict to cease violence, ensure humanitarian access, and resume political dialogue. "The women of South Sudan have shown incredible resilience and leadership. They deserve better. We owe it to them," concluded Bacchus.

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November 11, 2025 International law

Annual International Criminal Court (ICC) report, which was presented today to the UN General Assembly, emphasizes the need to strengthen cooperation with States, protect the independence of the court and ensure the universality of the Rome Statute.

The International Criminal Court and the United Nations maintain close cooperation, based on the 2004 Agreement, which ensures the coordination of their activities in strengthening the international rule of law, protecting human rights and combating impunity for the most serious crimes.

Opening the meeting, Annalena Baerbock, President of the 80th General Assembly, noted that the founders of the ICC were guided by the conviction that "justice is a universal duty, not an expression of national interests." She emphasized that the Court was created to bring to justice those guilty of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.

Baerbock condemned sanctions, threats and cyberattacksdirected against officials of the Court, noting that such actions undermine not only the institution itself, but also the principles of international law enshrined in the UN Charter.

Attacks against the ICC

ICC President Tomoko Akane, introducing the report, stressed that the Court continues to fulfil its mandate despite growing pressure.

"When judges are threatened or pressured, the very foundation of international law is undermined. We call on all states to defend the Court and the principles enshrined in the Rome Statute," Akane said.

She noted that in recent months, the Court has significantly strengthened its security system following cyberattacks and attempts to pressure judges and prosecutors, and continues to strengthen cooperation with regional organizations and UN structures.

Fighting impunity

According to the report, during the reporting period, the Court delivered 382 judgments, with important progress achieved in trials for crimes committed in Darfur, Libya, the Central African Republic, Afghanistan, Palestine and the Philippines.

Akane focused particularly on the case of Sudanese commander Ali Abd al-Rahman, convicted on 27 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity. She emphasized that this is an example of how "even if it's belated, justice can and must prevail."

The ICC report also states that a notable development was the judgments handed down in the case of Yekatom and Ngaisson: both accused were found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in the Central African Republic.

The President of the Court reported that at the end of the reporting period, 33 declassified outstanding arrest warrants remained, calling on States Parties to comply with their obligations under the Rome Statute.

The voice of victims at the center of international justice

Akane emphasized that victims of mass crimes remain at the heart of the ICC's work: "The Court gives victims a voice, a place for their stories to be heard, and hope for recognition of the truth and accountability."

By April 2025, more than 3,800 victims had received reparations or were enrolled in reparations programs in four cases. In addition, the Victims' Trust Fund made numerous collective reparations payments in the Lubanga and Al-Mahdi cases to benefit a community of 70,000 people, particularly in Timbuktu. In 2024, approximately 19,500 people benefited from direct assistance programs.

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November 11, 2025 Climate and environment

Shifting to sustainable cooling methods could be key to protecting people and the planet from the effects of rising heat. Technologies such as passive, energy-efficient, and hybrid cooling with minimal energy consumption could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, save up to $43 trillion, and protect 3 billion people from extreme temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) presented at UN Climate Change Conference (COP30) in Belem, Brazil.

According to the report, if current trends continue, demand for cooling could triple by 2050. As a result, emissions in this sector will nearly double compared to 2022, reaching 7.2 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent. This is due to population growth, the continued spread of extreme temperatures, and the adoption of inefficient and polluting cooling systems among the world's poorest people.

Trillions of dollars in savings

UNEP proposes a so-called "Sustainable Cooling Pathway" that would reduce future emissions by 64 percent—to 2.6 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent—compared to projected 2050 levels. With a simultaneous rapid transition to clean energy, emissions could be reduced by 97 percent.

"Access to cooling must be considered a component of basic infrastructure, along with water, energy, and sanitation," emphasized UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen. "We can't solve the problem with air conditioning—it will only exacerbate the crisis. Passive, energy-efficient, and natural solutions will protect people, food chains, and economies from heat."

Experts estimate that implementing the proposed path will save $17 trillion in energy costs and avoid investments in energy grids totaling up to $26 trillion by 2050.

Key measures include the use of passive cooling, the rapid introduction of energy-efficient equipment, the elimination of freons, and the development of green urban spaces.

Let's beat the heat

These recommendations form the basis of the "Beat the Heat" initiative (Mutirão Contra o Calor Extremo / Beat the Heat), led by Brazil, the COP30 presidency, and the UNEP Cooling Coalition. It has already been joined by 185 cities and 83 partners, including 72 signatory countries. Global Cooling Commitment.

By mid-2025, 29 countries have adopted specific targets to reduce emissions in the refrigeration sector, with five more in the process of being developed. A total of 134 countries have included refrigeration measures in their national climate strategies, but only 54 cover all key areas—from energy efficiency standards to the transition to environmentally friendly refrigerants.

The largest gaps remain in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region, where cooling demand is growing fastest.

UNEP calls on countries to move from emergency response to systemic heat risk management, to consider cooling as a public good, and to develop nature-based solutions – from green architecture to sustainable urban planning.

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November 11, 2025 Women

In war-torn Sudan, women are the first to suffer from hunger and violence, UN Women warns, citing its sources in the country.

“Women we spoke to in El Fasher, the epicenter of Sudan’s current catastrophe, described surviving hunger, displacement, rape, and bombing,” said Anna Mutawati, UN Women’s regional director for Eastern and Southern Africa, at a briefing in Geneva. “Pregnant women gave birth in the streets as the last functioning maternity hospitals were looted and destroyed.”

Militants from the so-called Rapid Intervention Forces captured El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur state, after more than 500 days of siege, in late October. Immediately after, reports of mass atrocities began to emerge, including extrajudicial killings and sexual violence.

A brief history of the conflict

Fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces and a group calling itself the Rapid Intervention Forces (RIF) began in April 2023 after the collapse of the transition to civilian rule that was expected to follow the ouster of longtime ruler Omar al-Bashir in 2019. Fierce fighting has forced millions of people to flee their homes and worsened an already dire humanitarian crisis.

Let us also recall that in 2008, the UN Security Council recognized that conflict-related rape and other forms of sexual violence may qualify as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and elements of genocide.

According to Anna Mutawati, the situation is rapidly deteriorating as the fighting around El Fasher expands, causing mass displacement. Thousands of women and girls have fled to other areas of North Darfur, where humanitarian presence is extremely limited.

On Monday, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported that nearly 89,000 people had fled the region. Many of them are now at the border with Chad.

"Women report that throughout this horrific journey, every step toward a water source, to collect firewood, or to queue for food carries a high risk of sexual violence," said a UN Women representative. "Evidence is mounting that rape is being used deliberately and systematically as a weapon of war."

In search of safety

Anna Mutawati says there are no safe spaces left in Sudan where women can find protection or basic psychological support. In North Darfur, a pack of sanitary pads costs about $27, while the average monthly humanitarian aid for a family of six is less than $150. Families are forced to make difficult choices "between food, medicine, and maintaining their dignity."

"Women and girls' basic needs are at the bottom of the list," Mutawati said. In Sudan, she said, women and girls eat "the least and the last."

“The majority of women and girls in Sudan are starving… Women often give up food to feed their children, and adolescents receive the smallest portions, which undermines their long-term health,” she noted.

“In besieged and remote areas like Darfur or Kordofan, it is women and girls who are forced to forage for food to survive,” Mutawati added, citing reports of women “picking leaves and berries to make soup,” while facing additional risks of violence.

Hunger is getting worse

The latest UN food security assessment, conducted in early November, confirmed famine in El Fasher and the capital of South Kordofan, Kadugli. Medical professionals are recording an increase in cases of acute malnutrition among infants, often associated with starving mothers losing their ability to breastfeed.

"The hunger women experience is causing a chain reaction," warned Anna Mutawati. "Every day the world delays action on Sudan, another woman gives birth under fire, buries a child who died of starvation, or disappears without a trace."

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November 10, 2025 Climate and environment

The 30th UN Climate Change Conference (COP30) opened in Belém, Brazil, on Monday. Delegates arrived at the forum with a clear message: the era of half-measures is over. The climate crisis is already here, causing widespread destruction and increasing economic costs. But there is a solution: clean energy is developing, and international cooperation can still reverse this negative trajectory.

Opening the conference, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva called for decisive action: "The moment has come when our capabilities must match the urgency of the challenges we face. We must finally overcome climate crisis denial and maintain the 1.5 degrees Celsius goal."

Simon Still, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), emphasized that the task of participants is not to argue with each other, but to unite against the climate crisis.

Cautious optimism and new commitments

The first day of the conference was marked by cautious optimism: the number of countries that submitted new climate plans reached 113. Together, they account for almost 70 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. According to a preliminary assessment by the UNFCCC, by 2035, these countries' commitments will help reduce emissions by 12 percent, although this is not enough to guarantee the achievement of the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

Simon Still noted that the commitments made at previous conferences are beginning to yield results—the global emissions curve has begun to decline. He cited Belén as an inspiring example: "The Amazon is not a single river, but a system of thousands of tributaries. Similarly, the implementation of the conference's decisions must be based on multiple streams of international cooperation."

© UNFCCC/K. Worth

COP30 President André Corrêa do Lago greets Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva during the opening of the conference in Belém.

No country can cope alone

Still warned that no national plan can solve the problem on its own. Economic losses from climate disasters could reach double digits. "Inaction is neither economically nor politically justifiable," he emphasized. "It is inexcusable that extreme weather continues to claim lives when effective solutions already exist."

Among the priorities for COP30, he named the transition away from fossil fuels, tripling renewable energy capacity, doubling energy efficiency, mobilizing $1.3 trillion annually for developing countries, approving global adaptation indicators, and advancing programs for a just transition to clean energy.

Conference of Truth

President Lula declared that "climate change is not a threat of the future, but a tragedy of the present." He called COP30 a "truth conference" and emphasized that denial and procrastination are no longer acceptable. "We are moving in the right direction, but at the wrong speed," he said. "Exceeding the 1.5-degree threshold is a risk we cannot take."

He sharply condemned climate change denial, noting that those behind it "reject not only science but also the progress of multilateral diplomacy." He stated that without the Paris Agreement, the world would be heading toward catastrophic warming of nearly five degrees by the end of the century.

The path to fossil fuel phasing out

Lula called on world leaders to make ambitious commitments and integrate climate change adaptation into national strategies. He proposed a "roadmap for humanity" to overcome dependence on fossil fuels, restore forests, and mobilize the necessary resources. He also announced the creation of a new fund to support the energy transition in developing countries, financed by oil revenues.

At the leaders' summit on November 6-7 in Belem, managed to mobilize $5.5 billion for an initiative aimed at supporting countries protecting their forestsOther collective commitments include recognizing indigenous land rights, quadrupling clean fuel production, and linking climate action to the fight against hunger, poverty, and "environmental racism."

Lula said holding COP30 in the heart of the Amazon is a "challenging but necessary task" that will give the world a chance to see the reality of the most biodiverse region on the planet, home to more than 50 million people and 400 indigenous peoples.

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November 10, 2025 UN

The main news of the day in the UN and around the world: open debate in the Security Council on small arms, power, heating, and water outages in Ukrainian cities, a worsening crisis in Sudan, the opening of the UN Climate Conference in Brazil.

Illegal arms flows

More than a billion firearms are circulating globally, UN Deputy High Representative for Disarmament Affairs Adedeji Eboh stated during an open debate in the Security Council on Monday. According to Eboh, the growth of illicit arms production, including the proliferation of 3D-printed weapons, is particularly alarming, particularly in Western Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean. In Haiti, criminal groups are expanding their control over territory, using smuggled weapons to undermine state authority. Illicit arms flows in the Sahel, the Horn of Africa, and the Great Lakes region are turning local conflicts into cross-border conflicts.

Power outages in major Ukrainian cities

Last weekend, large-scale attacks and fighting resulted in civilian casualties and disrupted essential services across Ukraine, Deputy Spokesperson Farhan Haq reported, citing the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Major cities, including Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Odesa, are experiencing severe power outages, with electricity available for only a few hours a day. Kharkiv continues to experience heating and water outages, and public transportation has been partially suspended.

Escalating violence in Sudan

The crisis in North Darfur State, Sudan, is worsening. Following the capture of the state capital, El Fasher, by the Rapid Intervention Forces, clashes continue to be reported on key access roads to the city, trapping civilians and disrupting humanitarian aid deliveries. Meanwhile, violence in the Kordofan region is escalating, leading to rising civilian casualties and new waves of displacement. The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed an attack on a hospital in South Kordofan State, resulting in deaths and injuries. Since April 2023, nearly 200 attacks on health facilities have occurred in Sudan.

Opening of the UN Climate Conference

On Monday, the UN Climate Change Conference (COP30) began in Belém, Brazil. At the opening of the summit, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva called for more aggressive measures to reduce emissions. Simon Still, Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), called for united action to combat the climate crisis. Dozens of countries announced new climate pledges, bringing the total number of countries with emission reduction commitments to 113. Together, they account for nearly 70 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.

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November 10, 2025 Peace and security

Last weekend, large-scale attacks and fighting resulted in civilian casualties and disrupted essential services across Ukraine, UN Deputy Spokesperson Farhan Haq reported, citing the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

Over the past three days, at least 15 civilians have been killed and more than 70 injured. On the night of November 8, missile and drone strikes were recorded in the Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Kirovohrad, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Poltava, and Sumy regions, according to local authorities and humanitarian aid workers.

"These attacks also damaged energy and residential infrastructure in several regions, including the Chernihiv, Odesa, and Poltava regions. They led to power, heating, and water outages, further exacerbating the situation for vulnerable populations in the freezing temperatures," said Hak.

Major cities, including Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Odesa, are experiencing severe power outages, with electricity available for only a few hours a day. Kharkiv continues to experience heating and water outages, and public transportation has been partially suspended.

OCHA reports that UN agencies and their humanitarian partners quickly mobilized, providing shelter materials, blankets, hygiene supplies, hot drinks, and psychosocial support in several areas, including the Dnipro, Kherson, and Odesa regions.

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