Translation. Region: Russian Federal
Source: United Nations – United Nations –
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September 24, 2025 Economic development
Global shipping, which carries more than 80 percent of the world's merchandise trade, is entering a period of slowing growth, rising costs, and increasing uncertainty, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)'s annual report, "Maritime Transport Review 2025: Navigating Turbulent Waters," published on September 24.
Slower pace and new routes
In 2025, after robust growth the previous year, seaborne trade volumes remained virtually flat, with only a symbolic 0.5 percent increase projected. However, geopolitical tensions have led to a record increase in ton-miles—almost six percent—due to the increase in long-haul routes and detours.
UNCTAD Secretary-General Rebeca Grynspan emphasized that the upcoming transformations in the industry require a comprehensive approach: "The transitions we face—to zero carbon emissions, to digital systems, to new trade routes—must be fair. They must empower, not exclude. They must build resilience, not deepen vulnerability."
Geopolitics and trade barriers
The report notes that political disagreements, the introduction of new tariffs, and shifting trade patterns and routes are shaping a new geography of maritime trade. The United States and several trading partners have already announced additional measures, including new tariffs, port charges, and restrictions on entry into U.S. ports for foreign vessels.
"The result is more detours, missed port calls, longer journeys and, ultimately, higher costs," the document says.
Energy and Critical Minerals
The review pays special attention to energy transport. Coal and oil transport volumes are under pressure due to decarbonization efforts, while gas trade continues to expand.
At the same time, critical minerals needed for battery production, renewable energy, and the digital economy are becoming increasingly important. "Critical minerals are becoming a new source of tension in global trade as competition for access and value addition at the national level rages," the report's authors note.
This opens up new prospects for developing countries, but they need modern maritime logistics.
Digitalization and the human factor
In addition to geopolitical and economic challenges, shipping is experiencing internal transformations driven by digitalisation and changes in the workforce.
"Digital solutions such as single windows for maritime shipping and port community systems are becoming indispensable for improving port efficiency and facilitating trade. However, the industry's growing reliance on digital technologies has increased cyber risks and vulnerabilities that must be addressed," said Regina Asariotis, Chief of UNCTAD's Trade Logistics Branch.
She added that positive changes in gender equality are being observed in the industry. "Nearly 40 percent of port management positions are now held by women. However, there remains a shortage of women in operational positions, and this is where automation can open up new opportunities," the expert emphasized.
Asariotis also highlighted key priorities for the industry's successful development: training maritime specialists and protecting seafarers' rights. This, she said, will help address the growing labor shortage in shipping.
Development prospects
As UNCTAD experts emphasize, maritime shipping is at a crossroads: decarbonization and digitalization efforts, as well as route changes, are taking place against a backdrop of political tensions and economic uncertainty. The industry faces challenges that will require a fair approach, coordination, and global cooperation.
Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.
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