Dmitry Chernyshenko: Domestic spending on research and development in Russia has increased and reached 1.88 trillion rubles.

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Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

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In 2024, domestic spending on research and development increased, as did employment in this sector. These results were demonstrated by an analysis by the HSE Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge based on Rosstat data on financial and human resources in science.

"Achieving technological leadership—a national goal set by our President Vladimir Putin—directly depends on improving a number of indicators. Data for 2024 show positive changes across several of them. For example, domestic spending on research and development in Russia has increased, reaching 1.88 trillion rubles. Business is actively investing in science: almost 608 billion rubles in 2024. This is 10% more in constant prices than the previous year," noted Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko.

In Russia, business accounts for about a third of total expenditure on science.

The Deputy Prime Minister also noted the importance of the positive dynamics in the number of scientific personnel.

"The number of people working in science has also grown: there are now more than 675,000. More than half of them are researchers, and a significant portion of them are young scientists. This is a particularly important indicator, as the future of our science depends on them," he said.

The increase in personnel numbers is occurring across all categories: researchers, technicians, support staff and other personnel.

The Deputy Prime Minister added that the national project "Youth and Children" and the Decade of Science and Technology initiatives are helping young people find applications for their research and development skills.

In terms of absolute research expenditure, Russia holds 9th place globally. In 2024, domestic research and development expenditure in Russia increased by 235.1 billion rubles in current prices, or 4.5% in constant prices, compared to the previous year.

Furthermore, in 2024, the range of large and medium-sized organizations conducting research and development expanded, exceeding 4,100.

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Madagascar's president has appointed a new prime minister.

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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

ANTANANARIVO, October 6 (Xinhua) — Madagascar President Andry Rajoelina on Monday appointed Rufen Zafisamba as the country's new prime minister. This comes a week after the government was dissolved amid mass protests.

The new prime minister must be "capable of restoring order and regaining the people's trust," stated A. Rajoelina, adding that R. Zafisambu's main task will be improving the population's living conditions and advancing the country's key priorities.

Prior to his appointment, R. Zafisambu served as Director of the Military Directorate in the Office of the Prime Minister since 2021. –0–

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Egypt's Khaled El-Anani is the sole candidate for UNESCO Director-General.

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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

PARIS, Oct. 6 (Xinhua) — Former Egyptian Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khaled El-Anani was nominated as the sole candidate for the post of Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) during the 222nd session of the organization's executive board held in Paris on Monday.

In the vote, which took place on Monday evening, H. al-Anani received 55 votes, while the candidate from the Republic of the Congo, Firmin Edouard Matoko, received two. Since H. al-Anani received more than half of the valid votes, he won.

According to a statement from UNESCO, his candidacy will be submitted for approval to the UNESCO General Conference, which will take place on November 6 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

H. Al-Anani, born in 1971, currently holds the position of Professor of Egyptology at Helwan University in Egypt, where he has taught for over 30 years. If elected, H. Al-Anani will become the first Director-General of UNESCO from the Arab world and the second African to hold this position in the organization's 80-year history.

“If elected by the General Conference in November, I pledge that in my first 100 days I will work hand in hand with all Member States to jointly build a roadmap for UNESCO’s modernization and steer the Organization into the future – a UNESCO for all, without discrimination, a UNESCO for peace, and a united UNESCO,” said H. Al-Anani after the vote.

The mandate of UNESCO's current Director-General, Audrey Azoulay, who held the post for eight years, expires in November. –0–

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Top Stories of the Day | Monday: Ukraine, Gaza, Women and Peace, UNESCO

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Source: United Nations – United Nations –

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October 6, 2025 UN

The main news of the day at the UN and around the world: shelling in the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant area, $9 million for Gaza, a Security Council meeting on the resolution "Women, Peace and Security," and the election of the next Director-General of UNESCO.

Shooting near Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) experts at Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) heard multiple gunshots today. The shelling poses a threat to nuclear safety, as ZNPP has been without external power for almost two weeks, according to IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi. The incident, according to Grossi, demonstrates the ongoing danger facing Europe's largest nuclear power plant during armed conflict.

The situation in Gaza

UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Tom Fletcher allocated $9 million from the Central Emergency Response Fund to ensure sufficient fuel reserves to maintain vital services in the Gaza Strip. Meanwhile, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, shelling in the enclave continued over the weekend, but the intensity of airstrikes has been reported to have decreased in recent days. The previous day, according to Gaza health authorities, 21 people were killed and 96 injured in the Strip.

Women in conflict situations

Peace cannot be built without women's participation, but real change in the lives of women and girls caught up in conflict is still a long way off, he said. at a Security Council meeting on resolution 1325, UN Secretary-General Antonio GuterresThe resolution, adopted in 2000, affirms the role of women in conflict prevention and resolution and calls for their equal participation in all efforts to maintain peace and security. The UN chief expressed concern that women-led organizations are being deprived of resources, even though they provide vital support to millions of people.

Election of the Director of UNESCO

Following a vote, members of UNESCO's Executive Board nominated Khaled El-Anani, a representative of Egypt, for the post of Director-General of the Organization. The decision will be put to a vote by all UNESCO Member States on November 6 during the Organization's General Conference, which will be held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Khaled El-Anani is a professor of Egyptology at Helwan University and a former Minister of Tourism and Antiquities of Egypt.

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WHO: Europe leads in smoking prevalence among adults

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Source: United Nations – United Nations –

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October 6, 2025 Healthcare

Europe has become the world leader in tobacco smoking rates: 24.1 percent of adults in the region used tobacco in 2024. Europe also has the highest smoking prevalence among women – 17.4 percent. This is according to a new global report from the World Health Organization (WHO).

According to the WHO, despite the decline in the number of smokers globally, the tobacco epidemic is far from over. The number of tobacco users worldwide has declined from 1.38 billion in 2000 to 1.2 billion in 2024. Since 2010, this number has decreased by 120 million people, or 27 percent. However, one in five adults worldwide remains dependent on tobacco, resulting in millions of preventable deaths annually.

Millions of people quit or never started using tobacco thanks to countries' efforts to combat tobacco addiction" , said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. "In response to this progress, the tobacco industry is fighting back, introducing new nicotine products and aggressively targeting young people. Governments need to act faster and more decisively to implement proven tobacco control measures."

New products of the tobacco industry

For the first time, the WHO has assessed the global spread of e-cigarettes, and the figures are alarming: more than 100 million people worldwide already vape.

There are at least 86 million adult users, most of whom live in high-income countries. Among adolescents (13-15 years old), there are at least 15 million, and in countries where data is available, children are, on average, nine times more likely to use e-cigarettes than adults.

According to WHO, the tobacco industry continues to introduce new products and technologies – electronic cigarettes, nicotine pouches, heated tobacco and other products that are harmful to people’s health, especially young people and teenagers.

"E-cigarettes are fueling a new wave of nicotine addiction," noted Etienne Krug, Director of the WHO Department of Health Determinants, Promotion, and Prevention. "They are promoted as a means of harm reduction, but in reality, they are introducing children to nicotine even earlier and threatening to undo decades of progress."

Women quit smoking faster than men

Although tobacco consumption has steadily declined among both men and women of all ages from 2000 to 2024, women are leading the way in quitting. This population group achieved the global target of reducing consumption by 30 percent by 2025 five years earlier, in 2020. Smoking prevalence among women fell from 11 percent in 2010 to 6.6 percent in 2024, and the number of female tobacco users decreased from 277 million to 206 million.

Men, on the other hand, won't reach the target until 2031. Today, more than 80 percent of the world's tobacco users are men, and there are still nearly 1 billion of them. Although prevalence among men has declined from 41.4 percent in 2010 to 32.5 percent in 2024, the rate of decline remains too slow.

Picture by region

Southeast Asia: Once the global smoking hotspot, male tobacco prevalence has fallen by almost half here, from 70 percent in 2000 to 37 percent in 2024; the region accounts for more than half of the global decline in smoking rates. Africa: has the lowest prevalence of any region, 9.5 percent in 2024; the region is on track to meet the global target, but the absolute number of tobacco users continues to rise due to population growth. Americas: The region has achieved a relative reduction of 36 percent, with smoking prevalence falling to 14 percent in 2024, although insufficient data are still available for an estimate in several countries. Eastern Mediterranean: Prevalence is 18 percent, with further increases in some countries. Western Pacific: 22.9 percent of adults use tobacco in 2024, down from 25.8 percent in 2010; progress is the slowest. While prevalence among women is low (2.5 percent), men remain the world's leading smokers, at 43.3 percent.

Call to action

WHO calls on governments to strengthen tobacco control by fully implementing and enforcing the MPOWER package of measures and WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, eliminate loopholes that allow the industry to influence children, and regulate new nicotine products, including e-cigarettes. The organization recommends raising tobacco taxes, banning advertising, and expanding smoking cessation programs.

"Nearly 20 percent of adults still use tobacco and nicotine products. We can't let up on our efforts now," emphasized Jeremy Farrar, Assistant Director-General for Public Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Control. "The world has made some progress, but only more decisive and accelerated action will help defeat the tobacco epidemic."

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Ukraine: Attacks again hit civilians and infrastructure

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Source: United Nations – United Nations –

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October 6, 2025 Peace and security

Intensive attacks continued in several regions of Ukraine over the weekend, resulting in further civilian casualties and damage to civilian infrastructure. According to local authorities, more than ten civilians were killed and over 100 injured between October 4 and 6, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

According to the OCHA, Lviv, Zaporizhzhia, and parts of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv regions came under fire on Sunday. The attacks reportedly killed and wounded civilians. Residential buildings were damaged, and basic services were disrupted. Humanitarian organizations and emergency services are working on the ground, providing emergency aid to those affected.

The UN Office also reports that fierce fighting continues in the Donetsk region, resulting in civilian deaths and injuries. Furthermore, thousands of people have been left without power in recent days due to freezing temperatures.

On Saturday, a train station in the Sumy region came under attack. Numerous civilians were reportedly injured in the attack. The UN Humanitarian Coordinator in the country, Matthias Schmale, strongly condemned the incident.

"Civilians and civilian infrastructure are protected by international humanitarian law. There is no justification for harming civilian lives. These attacks must stop," he said.

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UN chief calls for women's participation in peace talks

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Source: United Nations – United Nations –

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October 6, 2025 Peace and security

Peace cannot be built without the participation of women, but real change in the lives of women and girls caught up in conflict is still a long way off, UN Secretary-General António Guterres said at a Security Council meeting dedicated to Resolution 1325.

The Women, Peace and Security resolution was adopted 25 years ago, in October 2000. It is a landmark document that affirms the role of women in conflict prevention and resolution and calls for their equal participation in all efforts to maintain peace and security.

"We need real results"

“Too often we gather in rooms like these, full of conviction and determination, but ultimately fail to achieve real change in the lives of women and girls caught up in conflict,” the Secretary-General said.

The UN chief emphasized that over the past 25 years, women have played a key role in mediation, legislative reform, and protecting the rights of survivors of gender-based violence. More than 100 countries have adopted national plans to implement the Women, Peace, and Security agenda, and the number of women serving in UN peacekeeping missions has doubled.

He also noted that recent years have seen an increase in military spending, armed conflicts, and violence against women and girls. According to the UN, 676 million women live within 50 kilometers of war zones—a record high in decades.

The surge in sexual violence is particularly concerning: the number of reported attacks on girls increased by 35 percent last year. The Secretary-General also noted the increase in maternal mortality in conflict zones.

He specifically addressed the situation in Afghanistan, where “the systematic exclusion of women and girls from public life is in full swing,” and also mentioned the critical situations in the occupied Palestinian territories, Sudan, Haiti and Myanmar.

The Secretary-General is concerned that women-led organizations are being deprived of resources, even though they provide vital support to millions of people. According to the UN, 90 percent of such groups in conflict zones are experiencing financial difficulties, and almost half are at risk of closing within six months.

The Secretary-General called for women's participation in peace negotiations and emphasized that women's role in peacebuilding is irreplaceable.

“The world doesn’t need more reminders of this truth – it needs real results that reflect it.”

Sima Bacchus: "Opponents of equality are against the future"

UN Women Executive Director Sima Bacchus stated at a Security Council meeting that support for the principles of equality and women's participation in peacebuilding remains strong globally, despite pressure. She emphasized that even in Afghanistan, the majority of citizens—women and men—support girls' right to education.

"Even in Afghanistan, our monitoring data shows that 92 percent of Afghans – both women and men – believe that girls should have the opportunity to receive secondary education," Bacchus said.

She noted that despite the severe restrictions, Afghan women retain hope for the future.

The head of UN Women stated that the normalization of misogyny in politics and conflict is not an inevitable trend: "Some believe the growth and normalization of misogyny in politics and conflict is unstoppable. This is not the case. Those who oppose equality do not own the future—it is ours."

Photo by UN

Bacchus stressed that the situation for women and girls could get worse before it gets better, primarily due to conflict and reduced humanitarian funding.

Despite this, she emphasized that women continue to be a driving force for peace. For example, in Haiti, women achieved near-equal representation in the new electoral council, and in Chad, they doubled their presence in parliament. Syria adopted an interim constitution guaranteeing the protection of women's rights, and Ukraine implemented gender-responsive budgeting.

Sima Bacchus called on states to increase investment in women's organizations, especially at the grassroots level. She emphasized that for 25 years, the global community has focused too much on international institutions, neglecting movements within countries. The head of UN Women proposed measuring progress not by declarations, but by concrete results – the number of women at the negotiating table and access to justice.

"When women lead, peace comes," Bacchus said.

Robotic tractors and combines will help protect agricultural workers.

Olga Uskova, President of the Russian company Cognitive Pilot, a leading developer of AI-powered autonomous ground transportation systems and AI-powered service robots, also spoke at the Security Council. The company produces "artificial brains" for tractors, combine harvesters, and sprayers, enabling modern machines to perform a full range of agricultural tasks without human intervention.

According to Uskova, women in Russia have historically been actively involved in the most complex and cutting-edge scientific and technological fields. Of the 73 patents registered by Cognitive Pilot in robotics and AI, 28 belong to teams led by women.

She recounted her trip to Kigali, Rwanda, seven years ago, as well as a recent trip to Belgorod: "Some Belgorod children and their mothers are experiencing panic attacks, bedwetting, and forced to switch to distance learning," Uskova said.

"We're deploying robotic tractors and combines all over the world so that no one's parents will ever be blown up in fields by mines and war drones while growing grain. And so that the little ones of Belgorod will always smile when they greet their living parents coming home from work. So that the children of Africa will eat bread grown in Russia and no longer die of hunger or bombs," she added.

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Typhoon Matmo has weakened to a tropical storm, and relief efforts are ongoing.

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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

Nanning, Oct. 6 (Xinhua) — Typhoon Matmo, the 21st named storm of the 2025 Pacific typhoon season, weakened after making landfall for the second time in southern China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the early hours of Monday. Relief efforts are underway in the affected areas.

Matmo was downgraded to a severe tropical storm. Around 1:10 a.m. on Monday, it made landfall in coastal Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, bringing strong winds and heavy rainfall, particularly affecting the cities of Beihai, Qinzhou, and Fangchenggang.

According to the city's emergency management bureau, as of 11:00 a.m. Monday, the typhoon had affected 10,561 people in Beihai, of whom 10,003 had been relocated for safety. The storm damaged approximately 3,400 hectares of agricultural land.

Strong winds also knocked down over 4,000 trees in Beihai, blocking roads. Local authorities mobilized workers to clear debris and restore traffic.

Qinzhou and Fangchenggang also reported fallen trees and billboards. Emergency services were dispatched to remove debris, clear main roads and narrow streets, and address flooding.

According to regional meteorological agencies, Typhoon Matmo moved toward northeastern Vietnam around midday on Monday. However, strong winds and rain are still forecast for the western and southern parts of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

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China's public security agencies are stepping up efforts to combat agricultural crime.

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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

BEIJING, Oct. 6 (Xinhua) — China's public security organs at all levels have achieved notable results in a nationwide campaign to crack down on agricultural crime, solving more than 4,600 criminal cases involving illegal farmland seizures and other illegal activities by the end of September.

According to the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, more than 200 criminal cases related to the production and sale of counterfeit or low-quality seeds and other agricultural inputs have also been solved across the country.

The ministry stated that law enforcement agencies will continue to aggressively suppress crimes that threaten the country's food security and urged citizens to report any suspicious activity through the agency's online platform.

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Iran has ruled out talks with European powers after UN sanctions are reinstated.

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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

Tehran, October 6 (Xinhua) — Iran has no plans to hold talks with France, Britain, and Germany, known as the E3, following their decision to trigger the UN sanctions snapback mechanism, Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Esmail Baghaei said on Monday.

At a weekly briefing for journalists in Tehran, E. Baghaei said that Iran is “studying the impact and consequences” of recent anti-Iranian measures by three European powers and the United States.

He said Iran would decide on diplomatic steps "whenever the government deems it productive." He emphasized that any negotiations must serve the country's national interests.

“Iran will never beg for negotiations,” Baghaei said, adding that negotiations are a two-way process that must protect national interests, security and dignity.

The UN Security Council did not extend Iran's sanctions waiver in September after the E3 countries, in coordination with Washington, activated the snapback mechanism in August.

Since September last year, Iran has held several rounds of talks with the EU-3, which have focused primarily on the Iranian nuclear program and the lifting of sanctions.

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