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Kathmandu Airport has suspended operations after a runway lighting problem.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

KATHMANDU, November 8 (Xinhua) — Nepal's Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu has suspended operations after a short circuit caused the runway edge lights to malfunction, an airport spokesperson said on Saturday.

Several domestic and international flights were diverted to other destinations after operational disruptions at the airport. "The lighting issues were reported this morning. The cause of the malfunction has not yet been identified," Hansa Raj Pandey, general manager of the airport, told Xinhua, adding that the issues are expected to be resolved by 9:30 PM local time on November 8.

According to him, the incident did not affect daytime takeoffs and landings. However, he added, airport operations were suspended in the evening after dark.

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A senior Slovenian lawmaker called for closer media cooperation with China.

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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

Portorož, Slovenia, November 8 (Xinhua) — Slovenian National Assembly Deputy Speaker Meira Hot on Friday called for closer cooperation between Slovenian and Chinese media to strengthen mutual understanding and promote objective reporting.

As M. Hot stated during a meeting in Portorož with Xinhua News Agency Deputy Director Huo Xiaoguang, the media serve as a vital bridge between countries, helping to share truthful and balanced information and build mutual trust.

For his part, Huo Xiaoguang noted that Xinhua hopes to deepen exchanges with its Slovenian partners and work together to uphold honesty, objectivity, and accuracy in reporting.

M. Khot emphasized that, amid the growth of social and digital platforms, professional journalism remains essential for public trust. "Thanks to closer cooperation between our media outlets, we will be able to tell our stories more accurately, foster dialogue, and contribute to friendship between our peoples," she said.

The two sides also exchanged views on the Belt and Road Initiative. –0–

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The UN Climate Conference in Belém kicks off with a call to deliver on pledges and increase funding.

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Source: United Nations – United Nations –

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November 8, 2025 Climate and environment

Thousands of diplomats, experts, and activists are heading to Belém, in the Brazilian Amazon, for COP30, the latest round of UN-led climate talks. Their primary goal is to turn pledges into action by agreeing on more ambitious plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

After decades of negotiations and annual, not always successful, summits – from Kyoto to Sharm el-Sheikh – the planet continues to warm. Public pressure on governments and big business to act has recently reached critical levels.

The holding of the 30th UN Climate Change Conference in Belém, on the edge of the Amazon – the world's largest tropical forest – underscores the scale of the problem: the region is both a vital carbon sink and a frontline in the fight against deforestation and climate change.

This year, the forum aims to change course. Delegates will examine in detail the climate plans of various countries, advocate for $1.3 trillion in annual climate finance, adopt new climate adaptation measures, and advance the concept of a "just transition" to a green economy.

"Time to act"

Conference organizers are positioning COP30 as a turning point and a test of global solidarity. The summit opens amid alarming forecasts: scientists warn that the planet is moving toward exceeding the 1.5 degrees Celsius warming threshold set by the Paris Agreement.

Experts note that this excess could be short-lived – but only if countries immediately step up efforts to reduce emissions, adapt to the effects of climate change, and mobilize financial resources.

Speaking ahead of the summit, the UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres stated bluntly: "The time for negotiations is over. The time has come for action, action, and more action."

© UNFCCC/K. Worth

The conference, chaired by Brazil, will be built around an agenda of 30 key goals, each overseen by a group responsible for scaling up solutions. The initiative is called "Mutirón," a word from an indigenous Brazilian language meaning "collective task." It reflects Brazil's desire to highlight the leadership and active participation of indigenous peoples in the conference and in the global fight against climate change.

The Brazilian government says it wants to involve all sectors – from indigenous communities to the business community – in fulfilling the country's previous climate pledges.

Mobilization of finance

The agenda at UN climate conferences is traditionally based on voluntary commitments rather than legally binding norms. Yet the scale of the required investments is enormous: at least $1.3 trillion annually is required by 2035.

Without urgent action, scientists estimate that global temperatures could rise by 2.3 to 2.8 degrees Celsius by the end of the century, making vast regions of the planet uninhabitable due to flooding, extreme heat, and ecosystem destruction.

The Belem talks will center on the Baku-Belem roadmap, prepared by the COP29 and COP30 presidencies. This document outlines five resource mobilization priorities, including strengthening the six multilateral climate funds, expanding cooperation on taxing polluting activities, and converting sovereign debt into climate investments—a move that could unlock $100 billion for developing countries.

The report also calls for removing barriers, such as investment treaty provisions that allow corporations to sue governments over climate policy. Such disputes have already cost states $83 billion in 349 cases.

© Unsplash/I. Johansson

Why are climate conferences important?

The Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, known as the COP, remains the leading global forum for addressing the climate crisis. Decisions at these summits are made by consensus, facilitating cooperation on mitigation, adaptation, and financing.

Over the years, UN climate conferences have adopted key documents. In 2015, the Paris Agreement set a goal of holding the global temperature increase "well below 2 degrees Celsius" above pre-industrial levels and aiming for 1.5 degrees Celsius. At COP28 in Dubai, countries agreed to phase out fossil fuels "in a fair, orderly, and equitable manner" and to triple renewable energy capacity by 2030. Last year, in Baku, the annual climate finance target for developing countries was raised from $100 billion to $300 billion, with a roadmap for increasing it to $1.3 trillion.

Taken together, the legal architecture built over the past three decades has helped prevent the projected four degrees of warming by the end of the century.

KS-30 will open on Monday, November 10, and run until Friday, November 21.

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Refugees in Belfast find friends, freedom and confidence through football

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Source: United Nations – United Nations –

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November 8, 2025 Refugees and migrants

Mary, a University of Manchester student, arrived in Belfast from South Sudan with her younger brother in the summer of 2021, when she was 18. Because her brother was a minor, he was immediately placed into care, and Mary was housed in a hotel. Anxiety and loneliness plagued Mary's first weeks in the new city.

"That first day I set foot in Belfast, everything seemed strange," she recalls. "The weather was cold, even though it was summer. The culture, the language—everything was new to me. I felt alone."

Everything changed when Mary learned about the refugee football programme run by Street NI through its Street Soccer initiative.

"I was so happy," she says. "I was really nervous and didn't know anyone… and then I started playing soccer, joined Street Soccer—and everyone was amazing. The people, the coaches—everyone was friendly."

Street NI was founded by Justin McMinn to support vulnerable groups in Belfast. Over time, the organization grew and began to include refugees in its programs. Today, Street NI offers not only football training but also language courses, food and clothing assistance, gym access, and volunteer opportunities.

Justin says one of the best parts of his job is seeing how football brings people together and helps them overcome the challenges of living in a new country.

© UNHCR/E. Testa

Justin McMinn, founder of Street NI.

"The most remarkable thing about Street Soccer and the power of football is its ability to unite communities," he says. "At first, we worked with Protestant and Catholic communities, building bridges and combating sectarian hatred. And in recent years, we've begun to include refugees—now we're breaking down barriers, fighting racism, and bringing people together."

"Football is a common language," Justin adds. "Even if you don't speak English, you can still understand others on the field."

Many program participants later become volunteers. For example, Louise, who joined Street Soccer when she was homeless, now helps the initiative almost daily.

"I do a little bit of everything," she says. "It really helps my mental state. I feel useful."

Louise recalls how Mary's English rapidly improved after starting the lessons, and then she began helping the new refugees adapt. Mary became an indispensable member of the team, both on and off the field.

In 2022, Louise and Mary traveled together to Dundee, Scotland, to participate in the Homeless World Cup, a football championship for the homeless.

"For me, we're all one," says Louise. "When you come to Street Soccer, no one judges you—everyone supports each other."

© UNHCR/E. Testa

(Left to right): Justin McMinn, Louise McGonnell, Mary Edonga and Andy Hardy.

The Irish Football Association, which also supported Mary, invited her to speak at its conference. The association implements projects that combine football training with long-term integration support: employment programs, coaching qualification courses, and internships.

"It really helps refugees integrate into the local community and find work," explains Andy Hardy, Community Engagement Officer for the Irish Football Association. "They learn, they develop, and it shows on their CVs."

In May 2021, UEFA and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) signed a cooperation agreement to promote the social inclusion of refugees through football. Initiatives include financial support for national football associations across Europe, the participation of refugees in UEFA Fan Fests, and the Unity EURO Cup, an international tournament featuring mixed amateur teams composed of refugees and local players.

In October 2024, Mary took part in the Unity EURO Cup panel discussion at UEFA headquarters in Switzerland, along with UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi and UEFA Vice-President Laura McAllister.

During the discussion, Mary spoke about how football and the people who supported her through various community programs changed her life. She later admitted that participating in this event was one of her greatest achievements.

© UNHCR/E. Testa

“At first I was scared, but when I saw the video of the event, I felt proud and happy,” she says.

The Northern Ireland team took a respectable third place in the 2024 Unity EURO Cup tournament, while the Latvian team emerged victorious.

Mary met participants from all over Europe and other parts of the world. She came to the tournament with her friend Vinta, whom she met through football. Now they communicate every day.

"We support each other, inspire each other, share secrets. Football gives me friends who become family," explains Mary.

Reflecting on her journey—from a lonely girl unsure of where to start to a confident student with a close circle of friends—Mary speaks of hope and unity: “It was really, really hard. I was scared. But thanks to football, I overcame it all.”

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Israel has returned the bodies of 15 dead Palestinians to the Gaza Strip after receiving the remains of one of the hostages.

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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

Gaza/Jerusalem, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) — Israel handed over the remains of 15 more dead Palestinians to the Gaza Strip through the International Committee of the Red Cross on Saturday, a day after Palestinian armed groups returned the remains of an Israeli hostage as part of the ongoing ceasefire agreement.

The handover took place after the Israeli side confirmed that the remains handed over to it by Hamas the previous evening belonged to a reservist killed during a Hamas attack on southern Israel on October 7, 2023.

Thus, as a result of the current exchange, the total number of returned bodies of dead Palestinians has reached 300, while 23 hostage bodies have been returned to Israel. –0–

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Because gladiolus: today GUU celebrates KVN Day

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Source: Official website of the State –

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November 8th marks the International Day of the Club of the Funny and Inventive (KVN) in Russia – a holiday dedicated to one of the most popular and iconic comedy TV shows that has united many generations of students.

From the Czech idea to Soviet humor

The roots of KVN go back to 1957, when the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students was held in Moscow. It became clear then that Soviet television lacked programs for young people. The "Festival Editorial Board," formed under the leadership of Sergei Muratov, proposed its own version: "Evening of Merry Questions" (VVV), a Soviet version of the Czech program "Gadai, Gadai, Gadalschik."

A distinctive feature of the format was the inclusion of the audience in the game—no one simply sat in front of the screen. The tasks were absurdly difficult and hilarious at the same time: live on air, participants had to bring to the studio the seventh volume of Jack London, a potted ficus, and a kerosene stove, and in the summer, they had to show up wearing a fur coat, a hat, and felt boots. It was precisely this curious incident that led to the closure of VVV: a crowd of students flooded the studio, overwhelmed the police, tore up the curtains, and caused utter chaos. The broadcast was interrupted, and the recording, alas, was lost.

The Birth of the Club of the Merry and Resourceful

Four years later, on November 8, 1961, a team of former VVV writers launched a new project—the Club of the Merry and Inventive. The name alluded to the popular television brand KVN-49, and the abbreviation emphasized the spirit of the game. The first host was Albert Axelrod, and in 1964 he was replaced by railway student Alexander Maslyakov, who remained the host until 2022. Incidentally, Maslyakov's popularity was so strong that asteroid 5245 Maslyakov, discovered by the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, was even named after him.

The first games were held without any strict rules: competitions emerged spontaneously, tasks were created on the spot, and students joked about both everyday life and ideology. By 1964, classic competitions had emerged—warm-up, STEM, BREEZE, captains' competition, and homework. KVN also has its own music festival, "The Voice of KiViN," and the cheerful bird of the same name became the symbol of the entire competition.

Closure and revival

KVN's popularity grew, but television strictly controlled its humor. For example, shortly before the show's temporary demise in 1971, participants were banned from wearing beards on stage—censors saw this as a mockery of the founder of communist ideas, Karl Marx. Despite this, KVN remained a favorite show for students and schoolchildren until its demise became a symbol of stagnation in the USSR.

In 1986, KVN was revived thanks to the initiative of former players, and Alexander Maslyakov returned as host. The show received a new structure: league levels, a rating system, and new competition formats. The game's anthem changed: first, "On the appointed day, at the appointed hour," and after the break, "We are starting KVN."

Over time, KVN became a veritable breeding ground for Russian show business talent. The club produced Mikhail Zadornov, Yuli Gusman, Mikhail Galustyan, Sergey Svetlakov, Timur Batrutdinov, Garik Kharlamov and Martirosyan, Valdis Pelsh, Leonid Yakubovich, the Uralskie Pelmeni and Once Upon a Time in Russia teams—the list goes on and on, as KVN served as a launching pad for countless talented artists, directors, and producers. The game gave them not only popularity but also invaluable experience in engaging with audiences, creating high-quality humor, and connecting with a wide variety of audiences.

The structure of modern KVN

The current structure of the International Union of KVN is a multi-tiered league system, comprising over 7,000 teams. The central platform is the Major League, while the Premier League serves as a preparatory stage for entry into it. Since 1993, the First League has been in operation, providing preferential access to the Major League.

Since 2013, the union has operated an International League, comprising approximately twenty teams. The teams for the television leagues are formed based on the results of the International Festival in Sochi: teams that advance to the second round receive final approval from the union president.

KVN League of the State University of Management

The KVN League has existed at our university since April 1999. It was founded by members of the "GUU National Team," who developed a system for training new players and representing the university at regional and national levels.

Every year the following events take place at the State University of Management:

KVN School – training sessions for beginners with lectures and practical exercises from the editors of the Moscow Student League; the All-Russian KVN School – master classes, writing materials, and teamwork; and the Moscow and Moscow Region League Structures Festival, where teams are assigned to leagues and have the opportunity to advance to the Central or Major Leagues.

Our teams regularly participate in Moscow and national tournaments, learning from the best KVN players in the country. Many graduates of the KVN League at the State University of Management have found success not only in their professional careers but also in their creative fields, proving that leadership and a sense of humor are a wonderful combination.

In 2012, the KVN League of the State University of Management won the Youth Council Prize under the Prefect of the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow in the category "Best Organization in the Sphere of Youth Leisure."

It's worth noting that our League is more than just a creative association, but a true school of life for future managers. Participation in the games teaches students teamwork, creative thinking, communicating their ideas to an audience, and confident public speaking—qualities essential to a modern leader.

Congratulations to everyone involved—the organizers, directors, players, fans, and especially the KVN League of the State University of Management—on International Club of the Funny and Inventive Day! May every warm-up in life, as in the game, bring thunderous applause, and every homework assignment receive an A+!

Subscribe to the "Our GUU" Telegram channel. Publication date: November 8, 2025.

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Kyrgyzstan's national pavilion was presented for the first time at the China International Import Expo.

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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

SHANGHAI, November 8 (Xinhua) — Kyrgyzstan, with 15 enterprises, is represented for the first time in the national pavilion area at the China International Import Expo (CIIE), which is being held for the eighth time in the city of Shanghai (east China).

In the national pavilion area of EXPO, where a total of 67 countries and international organizations are represented this year, Kyrgyzstan's national pavilion is distinguished by its red roof, shaped like the iconic yurt dome, reflecting its unique character. The stands showcase such distinctive Kyrgyz products as natural honey, jam, exquisite wool and sheepskin products, handmade herbal soap, as well as vodka, cognac, and traditional, richly flavored beer, widely known in Central Asia.

Among the exhibits on display, the most popular is Kyrgyz honey, which attracts many buyers thanks to its natural, unadulterated flavor.

Having entered the Chinese market 14 years ago, Dary Tien-Shanya LLC, a honey and beekeeping company, has been participating in the CIIE for three years in a row. Company Director Emma Savitskaya, with a translator by her side, interacts with potential clients from both China and abroad, distributing various types of honey for tasting.

E. Savitskaya recalled that when she first attended the CIIE, she was left without a translator and had difficulty promoting her company's products. Afterward, the company took into account and refined every detail, meticulously preparing for the subsequent two similar exhibitions, where it was able to demonstrate the quality and naturalness of its products to Chinese consumers, the entrepreneur said.

"We want to introduce our natural products to exhibition visitors, and we want them to enjoy them. Being represented in the national pavilion for the first time this year will help us find many new partners. We expect very good results from this exhibition," noted E. Savitskaya.

E. Savitskaya stated that on the second day of the exhibition, she met with a significant number of distributors with the intention of collaborating. Furthermore, the company is expected to sign a significant contract during the event, she added.

"Today, our products are not only available for purchase in many cities across China, but they can also be ordered online and delivered to any city," said E. Savitskaya, adding that live streaming platforms have also contributed to the sale of their honey in China.

In addition, the Kyrgyz national pavilion at the exhibition houses a Chinese company engaged in trade between the two countries. Based in Chongqing, southwest China, this company operates the Kyrgyz Republic Trade Pavilion in the city.

The company's staff members explain the special features of the honey and handmade soap on display at the stand, while also interacting with the shopping stream audience.

According to the company's CEO, Hu Qingpeng, this Chongqing pavilion, which was officially authorized by the Trade Mission of the Ministry of Economy and Commerce of the Kyrgyz Republic in China, sells Kyrgyz-made products such as honey, confectionery, handicrafts, and other items year-round.

In addition to the offline format, some of the pavilion's products can also be purchased on marketplaces such as Douyin, he added.

Hu Qingpeng said, "The sales potential of Kyrgyz products in China remains to be unlocked, so we're trying to create new consumption scenarios." "For example, given the popularity of tea drinks in China, especially among young people, our trade pavilion offers Chinese teas with Kyrgyz honey, which are particularly popular today."

Speaking about future prospects, he added: “We plan, firstly, to further increase the volume of trade, and secondly, to present Kyrgyz goods in other regions of China to stimulate sales, while simultaneously assisting Kyrgyz enterprises in exporting products to China.”

Hu Qingpeng's company is currently assisting Abdysh-Ata LLC, which is participating in the CIIE for the first time, with the necessary registration procedures for foreign companies exporting products to China. Ramazan Mashanlo, the export manager for this Kyrgyz beverage manufacturer, said: "Entering the Chinese market is strategically important for our company. We would like to find major Chinese partners and distributors at this exhibition, and we hope that together we will be able to achieve great heights and expand into all cities of China."

Tilek Zhumaliev, Deputy Director of the Kyrgyz Export Center for Export Development and Promotion, expressed gratitude to the Chinese side for its support in creating the national pavilion. He noted that this is the first time Kyrgyzstan has a national pavilion at EXPO, which allows it to expand its opportunities to offer a wider range of products, conclude contracts with partners and investors, and increase exports to China.

Let us recall that in 2024, trade turnover between Kyrgyzstan and China, according to customs authorities, reached USD 22.71 billion.

As trade and economic cooperation between the two countries expands, it is crucial for Kyrgyzstan to participate in exhibitions like CIIE, where all Chinese importers and distributors are represented. This provides an excellent opportunity not only to establish exports from Kyrgyzstan to China and vice versa, but also to introduce advanced Chinese technologies, concluded T. Zhumaliev. -0-

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China calls on the Netherlands to restore stability to the global semiconductor supply chain

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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

BEIJING, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) — China's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) urges the Netherlands to submit constructive proposals and take concrete actions as soon as possible to restore stability to the global semiconductor supply chain, a ministry spokesperson said Saturday, commenting at reporters' request on a recent statement by Dutch Economy Minister Vincent Karremans regarding Nexperia, a semiconductor maker and overseas subsidiary of China's Wingtech.

The Chinese side took note of the Dutch minister's statement made on November 6, the official representative said. However, to date, there have been no practical actions from the Dutch side aimed at ending the violation of the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese companies or restoring stability to the global semiconductor supply chain, he noted.

Taking a responsible approach to the stability and security of the global semiconductor supply chain, China announced on November 1 that it would grant export exemptions to enterprises that meet the necessary conditions, the official emphasized, adding that the Dutch side is the source of the current chaos in the global semiconductor supply chain and bears responsibility for it.

China hopes that the Dutch statement is not just empty words. The Netherlands must quickly make substantive and constructive proposals and take practical actions to fundamentally and effectively restore stability to the global semiconductor supply chain, the official representative emphasized.

The Dutch side must also cease using administrative means to interfere in the internal affairs of enterprises and facilitate a speedy resolution of the situation with Nexperia, the official representative added.

According to him, China agreed to the request of the Dutch Ministry of Economy to send representatives to China for consultations. -0-

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PLA Navy: China's aircraft carrier Fujian will regularly appear on the high seas

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

BEIJING, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) — China's first aircraft carrier, the Fujian, equipped with electromagnetic catapults, will frequently sail the high seas, PLA Navy spokesman Senior Captain Leng Guowei said in a written interview on Saturday.

Although the Fujian is permanently registered in the naval port of Sanya (Hainan Province, South China), its "true home" is the vast seas and oceans, he noted.

The Fujian was commissioned on Wednesday at the Sanya Naval Port. It is the PLA Navy's largest warship. Named after Fujian Province in eastern China, the aircraft carrier was launched in June 2022. This gigantic vessel is a domestically developed vessel.

According to Leng Guowei, while the Fujian was under construction, the development and testing of supporting equipment, including carrier-based fighters such as the J-35, J-15T and J-15D, as well as KongJing-600 AWACS aircraft and Z-20 series helicopters, were steadily progressing according to plan.

According to a PLA Navy spokesman, it won't be long before the Fujian is fully equipped with carrier-based aircraft.

Noting that the practical operation of many of the Fujian's facilities and technologies will be conducted for the first time, Leng Guowei added that after the ship is commissioned, it will undergo in-depth testing.

He also stressed that China's development and improvement of weapons and equipment are not directed against any other country or specific target, and such efforts do not pose a threat to other countries or regions.

These initiatives are aimed at protecting state sovereignty, security, and development interests, explained a representative of the country's naval forces.

Fujian, which was assigned the hull number 18, became the country's third operational aircraft carrier.

According to Leng Guowei, China's plans for developing its domestic aircraft carrier industry will be shaped in accordance with the comprehensive needs of national defense.

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A seminar on Chinese diplomatic discourse was held at a Kazakh university.

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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

Almaty, November 8 /Xinhua/ — A scientific seminar on the linguacultural and translation features of Chinese diplomatic discourse was held at the Department of Chinese Studies of the Faculty of Oriental Studies of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University.

The study was presented by department professor and sinologist Fatimabibi Daulet and doctoral student Lina Zhunisbek. The aim of the work was to uncover the cultural mechanisms of diplomatic politeness in China. For the first time in Kazakhstani scholarship, the researchers have provided a comprehensive analysis of politeness strategies in Chinese diplomatic discourse, examining them not only as speech techniques but also as a manifestation of the system of cultural codes that shape China's international image.

F. Daulet noted that politeness in Chinese diplomacy is not simply an element of speech etiquette, but a reflection of the state's philosophy, which is based on the ideas of harmony, ritual order, and emotional reciprocity. These principles form a unique communication model, where diplomatic language is not merely a tool of persuasion, but an expression of respect, balance, and cultural sophistication.

The seminar discussed how the Chinese politeness strategy serves a multilayered function—ritual, interpersonal, and institutional. It regulates the balance between expressing the state's position and maintaining mutual respect. Tools such as euphemisms, modal constructions, and formulas of agreement and tact create an atmosphere of partnership and facilitate constructive dialogue.

The seminar generated great interest among students, teachers and guests of the faculty. –0–

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.