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Top Stories | Wednesday: Famine, Ukraine, Afghanistan, African Union

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November 12, 2025 UN

The top news of the day at the UN and around the world: the UN has identified "hot spots" threatened by full-scale famine, new data on Ukraine, a report on the situation in Afghanistan, and a UN-African Union Conference.

Hunger Situation Report

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Food Programme (WFP) are warning of a rapidly deteriorating food situation in 16 global hotspots. In most of these hotspots, famine is being driven by armed conflict, economic upheaval, extreme weather conditions, and funding shortages. The authors emphasize that time is running out to prevent mass starvation. Six countries and territories are of particular concern: Haiti, Mali, Palestine, South Sudan, Sudan, and Yemen.

Monthly report on Ukraine

Attacks on Ukraine's energy infrastructure increased in October, resulting in a high number of civilian deaths and injuries, according to the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine (UNHRM). Last month, three large-scale attacks on energy infrastructure occurred, leading to power outages in most regions of the country. At least 148 civilians were killed and 929 injured in October, matching the high figures from the previous two months.

The humanitarian situation in Afghanistan

The already dire humanitarian situation in Afghanistan is being exacerbated by the mass return of refugees, according to a report published today by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The country is forced to absorb millions of people. UNDP also emphasizes the urgent need to lift all existing restrictions against women, including restoring their ability to work and leave the home, and allowing girls to attend school. Nine out of ten Afghan households report resorting to negative coping strategies, including reducing food intake, selling assets, and using credit.

UN-African Union Conference

The 9th annual African Union-United Nations Conference took place at UN Headquarters in New York on Wednesday. Participants focused on joint action on issues related to peace, security, and human rights. Financing for development and combating climate change were discussed, as well as the implementation of the African Strategy on Women, Peace, and Security.

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Global progress against tuberculosis threatened by funding shortfalls

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November 12, 2025 Healthcare

The World Health Organization (WHO) released its annual Global Tuberculosis Report on Wednesday, warning that despite significant advances in diagnosis, treatment, and innovation, funding shortfalls and unequal access to care could reverse the progress made.

According to the WHO, tuberculosis claimed more than 1.2 million lives and affected about 10.7 million people last year, remaining one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world.

Reducing the global burden of tuberculosis

WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus noted that the decline in the global burden of tuberculosis and progress in testing, treatment, and social protection are encouraging news after years of setbacks. However, he said, "progress is not victory," and the fact that the disease continues to claim lives annually, despite its preventability and curability, is "inexcusable." WHO calls on countries to accelerate efforts to end tuberculosis by 2030.

According to the report, between 2023 and 2024, the number of tuberculosis cases decreased by almost two percent, and deaths by three percent. This indicates the restoration of key health services after the pandemic. COVID-19.

Progress is particularly noticeable in the WHO African and European Regions: from 2015 to 2024, incidence rates in Africa decreased by 28 percent and mortality by 46 percent; in Europe, by 39 percent and 49 percent, respectively. More than 100 countries have achieved a 20 percent reduction in incidence rates, and 65 countries have achieved a 35 percent or more reduction in mortality, achieving the first targets of the WHO End TB Strategy.

However, global elimination of the disease is impossible without accelerated progress in countries with the highest burden. In 2024, 87 percent of all new TB cases were reported in 30 countries, with eight of them—India, Indonesia, the Philippines, China, Pakistan, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Bangladesh—accounting for 67 percent of the total.

Timely treatment saves lives

Since 2000, timely treatment has saved approximately 83 million lives. In 2024, 8.3 million people received treatment, accounting for 78 percent of all cases. Rapid diagnostic testing was used to detect 54 percent of cases, and the treatment success rate for susceptible forms of tuberculosis reached 88 percent.

Among 30 countries with a high TB burden, social protection coverage ranges from 3.1 percent in Uganda to 94 percent in Mongolia, and in 19 countries it is less than 50 percent. The report also highlights the role of risk factors—malnutrition, HIV, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol—and the need for a multisectoral approach to combating the epidemic.

Funding shortfall

However, progress remains far from the goals set out in the WHO strategy. Tuberculosis funding has stalled: only $5.9 billion has been accumulated by 2024 – just over a quarter of the $22 billion target.

Cutting international aid from 2025 could lead to two million additional deaths and ten million new cases by 2035. Research funding is also lagging: in 2023, it was $1.2 billion—only 24 percent of the target. Nevertheless, by August 2025, 63 new diagnostic tests, 29 drugs, and 18 vaccines were in development.

"We have entered a critical phase in the fight against tuberculosis," said Tereza Kasaeva, Director of the WHO Department of HIV, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, and Sexually Transmitted Infections. She emphasized that funding cuts and persistent risk factors threaten the progress made, but with political will, investment, and global solidarity, humanity can overcome this ancient disease.

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The UN's top human rights defender called on the global community to "mobilize everyone to defend human rights."

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November 12, 2025 Human rights

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk addressed the French Senate. He stated that the current human rights situation is challenging. He stated that the world is experiencing a moment when the fundamental freedoms for which the UN was founded are under threat.

Turk noted that millions of people around the world continue to defend the principles of equality and justice, but these values are simultaneously under attack.

Human rights in wartime

Turning to issues of war and violence, the High Commissioner stressed that the need to respect international humanitarian law is particularly evident in conflict situations.

Speaking about Sudan, he called the situation in El Fasher "absolutely devastating."

"We are receiving disturbing reports that the Rapid Action Force is committing atrocities, including summary executions, sexual violence and other abuses," he said.

Türk called on all states to respect the arms embargo in Darfur and stressed that the protection of civilians, humanitarian access, and a return to civilian rule remain priorities.

"All countries must comply with the Security Council arms embargo on Darfur, which should be extended to the entire country."

Turk drew attention to the situation in Gaza, as well as in the West Bank, where, according to him, violence by Israeli security forces and settlers continues.

"Over the past two years, more than 1,000 Palestinians have been killed [in the West Bank], the vast majority of whom died at the hands of Israeli security forces," Turk said.

He called for the ceasefire in Gaza to be observed: “All parties to the conflict in Gaza must faithfully implement the ceasefire… Israel must ensure a large-scale flow of humanitarian aid in accordance with its obligations.”

Speaking about Ukraine, Türk noted that the war is leading to an increasing number of civilian casualties, and attacks on energy infrastructure are especially dangerous as winter approaches.

"Peace is urgently needed – in accordance with the UN Charter, international law and General Assembly resolutions," the UN's top human rights official said.

Violations of rights are an alarm signal

The High Commissioner stressed that human rights violations often serve as "alarm signals" that foreshadow the outbreak of violence, and called on States to pay greater attention to conflict prevention.

He also expressed concern about the growing funding of anti-human rights groups and movements. According to him, in Europe alone, such groups received nearly $1.2 billion from 2019 to 2023.

"We're seeing similar trends in other regions. Some states are allocating significant resources to groups that oppose gender equality and human rights and operate abroad," Türk said.

“The consequences of this are already being felt by many, including women who have experienced gender-based violence, members of the LGBTIQ community, migrants and refugees,” he added.

Türk noted that the UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR), which he heads, remains a reliable partner of states and civil society, monitoring and documenting violations and collecting evidence.

Last year, the Office conducted 11,000 human rights monitoring missions in 92 countries, and in 2024, it facilitated the release of more than 3,000 unlawfully detained individuals.

He also emphasized the need to regulate artificial intelligence in accordance with human rights. According to the Commissioner, the UN is collaborating with states and IT companies to develop common principles in this area.

"We are working with governments, social media, and civil society to align laws and policies on new technologies, including artificial intelligence, with human rights," Türk said.

The desire for freedom will not disappear

Despite all the difficulties, the High Commissioner expressed confidence that people's aspirations for freedom and dignity will not disappear.

He called on members of the Senate to take action to encourage everyone to defend human rights, and noted the activism of youth movements around the world – from Ecuador and Peru to Kenya and Nepal.

In closing, Türk noted that this year marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of the UN and expressed hope that international cooperation can overcome current challenges.

He also noted that the OHCHR "is in an extremely difficult financial situation" and expressed hope that the United States would resume funding.

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New UN report: Millions of people worldwide are on the brink of starvation

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November 12, 2025 Humanitarian aid

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Food Programme (WFP) released a joint report on Wednesday warning of a rapidly deteriorating food situation in 16 global hotspots. In most of these hotspots, famine is being driven by armed conflict, economic shocks, extreme weather conditions, and funding shortages.

The report covers the period from November 2025 to May 2026, and its authors emphasize that time is running out to prevent mass famine.

The report states that six countries and territories are of the greatest concern – Haiti, Mali, Palestine, South Sudan, Sudan, and Yemen – where populations are on the brink of catastrophic famine. Six more countries, including Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Myanmar, Nigeria, Somalia, and Syria, are classified as "very high risk." Burkina Faso, Chad, Kenya, and the situation of the Rohingya people in Bangladesh are also on the list of hotspots.

Despite the growing need for assistance, funding for humanitarian programs has been sharply reduced. Of the $29 billion needed, only $10.5 billion had been received by the end of October. This has led to ration cuts, the suspension of school feeding programs, and a reduction in assistance to refugees and displaced persons. The FAO also warns that underfunding is jeopardizing agricultural initiatives, including seed supplies, veterinary services, and preventative measures before planting seasons.

FAO and WFP emphasize that famine is predictable and preventable. They call on the international community to urgently focus on preventing famine, invest in resilience and food security, and ensure unimpeded humanitarian access in conflict zones.

According to WFP Director General Cindy McCain, the world is on the brink of a preventable catastrophe, and delay will lead to increased instability, increased migration, and new conflicts.

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Another deadly shipwreck in the Mediterranean highlights the need for safe migration.

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November 12, 2025 Refugees and migrants

A shipwreck off the coast of Libya left 42 migrants missing and likely drowned. This is the latest tragic episode on the central Mediterranean route, where more than a thousand people have already died since the beginning of the year.

According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), 49 refugees and migrants were on board a rubber dinghy that departed from the city of Zuwara in northwestern Libya on November 3. Six hours later, the boat capsized: high waves disabled the engine, and all occupants—47 men and two women—were thrown overboard.

The boat drifted at sea for six days before Libyan authorities rescued seven men on November 8: four from Sudan, two from Nigeria, and one from Cameroon. Among those missing were 29 from Sudan, eight from Somalia, three from Cameroon, and two from Nigeria.

IOM said the survivors were provided emergency medical care in coordination with local authorities.

This tragedy occurred just weeks after several other deadly incidents off the coast of Surman, Libya, and the island of Lampedusa, Italy. According to the IOM's Missing Migrants project, the death toll along the Central Mediterranean route has already exceeded 1,000.

"This new shipwreck brings the overall death toll even higher, highlighting the urgent need for stronger regional cooperation, expanded safe and legal migration routes, and more effective search and rescue operations," the IOM said in a statement.

The Central Mediterranean route remains the world's deadliest, with more than 25,600 people dead or missing since the migrant tracking project was launched in 2014.

The main causes of deaths are the length of the journey, dangerous smuggling schemes, a lack of rescue resources, and limitations on the work of NGOs saving lives at sea. Furthermore, migrants often cross the sea in overloaded and unseaworthy inflatable boats, complicating rescue operations, especially when several such vessels are launched at once.

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Construction of the Trump Route in Armenia is planned to begin in the second half of 2026, according to the Prime Minister.

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

Yerevan, November 12 (Xinhua) — Work on the Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity project in southern Armenia is scheduled to begin in the second half of 2026. Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan announced this during government hour in the National Assembly (parliament) on Wednesday.

N. Pashinyan noted that all project details will be finalized by the end of this year, after which they should be approved in the first half of 2026, and construction work will begin in the second half of that year. However, the prime minister emphasized that such projects often experience delays.

According to him, the railway will be built along the route that existed during the Soviet era, since its construction on a different section is unrealistic, and the gas pipeline and power lines will run further north.

N. Pashinyan added that the "Trump Route" will operate on the basis of the agreements enshrined in the Washington Declaration, adhering to the principles of territorial integrity, sovereignty, jurisdiction, reciprocity, and the inviolability of borders.

In August 2025, N. Pashinyan, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, and US President Donald Trump signed a joint declaration in Washington on a complete cessation of hostilities between Armenia and Azerbaijan and the launch of the Trump Route project.

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Russia and Kazakhstan signed a Declaration on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and Alliance

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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News

Moscow, November 12 (Xinhua) — Following talks held in Moscow on Wednesday, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev signed a Declaration on the transition of interstate relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan to the level of a comprehensive strategic partnership and alliance.

According to Vladimir Putin, the signed declaration was an important outcome of the Russian-Kazakhstani talks in the Kremlin. "An important outcome of the visit was the declaration on the transition of Russian-Kazakh relations to a qualitatively new, even more advanced level of comprehensive strategic partnership and alliance," the Russian leader said in his final statement to the media.

In turn, K.-Zh. Tokayev noted that the declaration is of historic significance. "The document is of historic significance, reflecting the unshakable mutual trust and the broad prospects for cooperation between our peoples," he emphasized.

According to the text of the declaration, published on the Kremlin website, Russia and Kazakhstan proclaim the establishment of a comprehensive strategic partnership within the framework of allied relations in such areas as politics and security, economic cooperation and integration, advanced science-intensive industries, and humanitarian relations. –0–

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The Ukrainian Prime Minister submitted a motion to parliament to dismiss the Ministers of Justice and Energy.

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Kyiv, November 12 (Xinhua) — Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko submitted a motion to parliament on Wednesday to dismiss Energy Minister Svitlana Grinchuk and Justice Minister Herman Galushchenko.

Yulia Sviridenko reported on her Telegram channel that both ministers had submitted their resignations.

Earlier that day, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy called on parliament to support the resignations of S. Grinchuk and G. Galushchenko.

"I believe the Minister of Justice and the Minister of Energy cannot remain in their positions. This is, among other things, a question of trust. If there are accusations, they must be answered," Zelenskyy said on Telegram.

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The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China met with the King of Spain.

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Beijing, November 12 (Xinhua) — China and Spain can strengthen the alignment of their development strategies, fully exploit the complementarity of their economies, and develop new growth drivers, promoting shared development and prosperity, Chinese Premier Li Qiang said on Wednesday.

During a meeting in Beijing with King Felipe VI of Spain, who arrived in China on a state visit, Li Qiang stated that, amid a sluggish global economic recovery and declining trade and investment activity, China is prepared to work with Spain to consistently unlock the potential of bilateral trade, gradually expanding its volume and optimizing its structure.

"The Chinese side supports the participation of more competitive Chinese enterprises in investment in Spain, in expanding cooperation within the industrial and supply chains in sectors such as solar energy, green hydrogen and traction batteries, and in exploring cooperation opportunities in future industries, including artificial intelligence," the Premier of the State Council stated.

Li Qiang expressed hope that Spain will create a fair and predictable market environment for Chinese enterprises. He stated that the two sides can work together to develop third-country markets, deepen cultural and humanitarian exchanges and cooperation, and stimulate the development of the tourism industry.

Noting that China and Spain are both supporters and beneficiaries of economic globalization and free trade, the Chinese leader called on both sides to strengthen coordination and cooperation to jointly safeguard the global trade and economic order, international fairness and justice.

Li Qiang expressed hope that Spain will continue to play a constructive role in promoting cooperation between China and the European Union.

He emphasized that since the establishment of diplomatic relations, China and Spain have consistently adhered to the principles of equality and mutual respect, their relations have developed in a healthy and stable manner, and cooperation in various fields has produced fruitful results.

Noting that Chinese President Xi Jinping and King Felipe VI held an in-depth exchange of views on key strategic issues on Wednesday morning, Li Qiang expressed China's willingness to strengthen its traditional friendship with Spain, firmly support each other on issues affecting each other's core interests and major concerns, strengthen political mutual trust, and deepen mutually beneficial cooperation, so as to continuously bring new benefits to the peoples of both countries.

Felipe VI, for his part, stated that following President Xi Jinping's successful state visit to Spain in 2018, bilateral relations have maintained strong momentum. The King stated that Spain firmly adheres to the one-China policy and intends to remain a reliable partner.

Recalling that this year marks the 20th anniversary of the establishment of a comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries, the monarch expressed his willingness to maintain close, high-level exchanges, strengthen the alignment of development strategies, expand mutually beneficial cooperation in areas such as trade, investment, science, technology, and green energy, and promote humanitarian exchanges in tourism, culture, education, and language.

Felipe VI stressed that Spain highly values the four global initiatives put forward by President Xi Jinping and is ready to strengthen cooperation with China in multilateral forums, support multilateralism and the role of the UN, and play a positive role in promoting the stable development of relations between the EU and China. –0–

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China and Spain seek to strengthen ties amid changing global dynamics

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Beijing, November 12 (Xinhua) — China is ready to work with Spain to build a comprehensive strategic partnership with greater strategic decisiveness, greater development momentum, and greater international influence, Chinese President Xi Jinping said on Wednesday.

Xi Jinping made the announcement during a meeting in Beijing with King Felipe VI of Spain, who is in China on a state visit. This is King Felipe VI's first state visit to China since his accession to the throne and the first visit by a Spanish monarch to China in 18 years.

Following the meeting, the two heads of state jointly attended the signing of 10 documents on cooperation in trade, economic, scientific, technical, and educational spheres.

As Felix Valdivieso, director of the China Observatory at Spain's IE University, noted, following three visits by Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez to China in three years, King Felipe VI's current visit brings the weight of royal diplomacy to Spanish-Chinese relations.

According to F. Valdivieso, Spain is moving towards a more long-term, stable and strategically forward-looking policy towards the world's second-largest economy, which will have a positive impact on Spanish business and, as a result, will increase the competitiveness and innovative dynamics of the Spanish economy.

A VISIT OF UTTER SIGNIFICANCE

Welcoming the arrival of King Felipe VI in China, Xi Jinping noted that both China and Spain share a profound historical and cultural heritage. He stated that, over the more than 50 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations, the two countries have consistently viewed and developed bilateral ties from a strategic perspective, respecting and supporting each other, and fostering mutual success.

This sets a model of friendly coexistence and the pursuit of common development among countries with different histories, cultures, and social systems, and plays an important role in promoting global openness and cooperation, as well as in protecting international fairness and justice, the Chinese President stated.

Noting the outstanding contributions of the Spanish royal family to the development of China-Spain relations, Xi Jinping pointed out that the state visit of King Felipe VI to China in the year of the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the China-Spain comprehensive strategic partnership is of great significance to promoting the continuous development of friendly cooperation between the two countries.

King Felipe VI, for his part, expressed his great pleasure at paying a state visit to China in the 20th anniversary of the Spanish-Chinese comprehensive strategic partnership, adding that Spain and China have long-standing friendly exchanges. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, the two countries have consistently demonstrated trust and respect for each other, working towards joint development and prosperity, he noted.

According to the monarch, China has achieved widely recognized and admirable successes in its development, and its successful experience, especially in combating poverty and promoting green, low-carbon development, is worth studying.

Felipe VI assured that the Spanish Government is firmly committed to the one-China policy, supports China in defending its territorial integrity, and is ready to work with China to promote the continuous development of the Spanish-Chinese comprehensive strategic partnership in order to bring greater benefits to the peoples of the two countries and make an even greater contribution to peace and stability throughout the world.

STRENGTHENING PRACTICAL COOPERATION

Stressing that China values its traditional friendship with Spain and its unique role in international and regional affairs, Xi Jinping said the two sides should further strengthen mutual support, maintain the momentum of high-level exchanges, strengthen strategic guidance, and ensure that bilateral relations remain on the right track.

The Chinese leader called on the two sides to further advance practical cooperation and indicated that China is ready to import more high-quality Spanish products, unlock the potential for cooperation in emerging sectors such as new energy, the digital economy, and artificial intelligence, expand mutual investment, and implement new landmark projects.

According to him, the parties could also use the complementarity of their advantages and jointly develop third-party markets, in particular the Latin American market.

Xi Jinping emphasized the need for both sides to strengthen people-to-people ties, expand cultural and educational exchanges, and provide mutual support for the operation of each other's cultural and linguistic institutions. He promised that China would continue to extend the visa-free regime for Spanish citizens to further facilitate people-to-people exchanges between the two countries and bring their peoples closer together.

Felipe VI noted that investments by Chinese companies provide a powerful impetus to Spain's economic growth and green transformation. Spain is eager to maintain close exchanges with China, take advantage of the important opportunities offered by China's 15th Five-Year Development Plan, and strengthen cooperation in areas such as economics, trade, industry, science, technology, and green energy.

The Spanish monarch praised China's visa-free policy and expressed his willingness to strengthen cultural, linguistic, and tourism exchanges to strengthen friendship between peoples.

DEFENDING MULTILATERALISM

Recalling that this year marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of the UN, Xi Jinping pointed out that at present, as the world enters a new turbulent period of fundamental changes, achieving peace and development remains a difficult task.

“I put forward the idea of building a community with a shared future for humanity in the hope that countries can overcome differences in social systems and ideological disagreements, reach consensus through dialogue and consultation, and jointly realize the aspirations of people around the world for a better life,” the Chinese president said.

He noted that China is ready to work with Spain to support the UN's key role in international affairs, protect free trade rules and the international trade and economic order, and build a more just and reasonable system of global governance, contributing to the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.

Pointing out that history can only move forward and does not allow for a return to the past, King Felipe VI stated that Spain and China have very similar views on many international issues, support multilateralism and the settlement of disputes through dialogue and consultation.

Spain highly values the four major global initiatives put forward by President Xi Jinping and intends to work with China to address the uncertainties of the international environment to safeguard the international trade order and promote sustainable development of the global economy, the King added. –0–

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