Winners of the Obraztsov Government Prize in Transport Science and Technology have been determined

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Order of July 18, 2025 No. 1953-r

Document

Order of July 18, 2025 No. 1953-r

Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed an order to award prizes in the field of transport science and technology named after V.N. Obraztsov in 2025.

The award, established in 2023, is presented in three nominations: for merits in the field of transport science and transport education, for contribution to the development of transport and transport construction, for the implementation of innovative technological solutions in transport and in the field of transport construction. The award is named after Vladimir Nikolaevich Obraztsov, a Russian and Soviet scientist, theorist and practitioner of transport systems development.

The laureate of the award for achievements in the field of transport science was the scientific director of the Russian University of Transport, Igor Rosenberg.

The General Director of Simferopol International Airport LLC, Evgeny Plaksin, was awarded for his contribution to the development of transport and transport construction, including for his services in the field of public administration in the transport complex.

The prize for the implementation of innovative technological solutions in transport and transport construction was awarded to the Director of Medicine at Russian Railways, Elena Zhidkova.

The awards, worth 1 million rubles each, will be presented on November 20, when the country celebrates Transport Workers Day.

Mikhail Mishustin announced his decision to establish the Obraztsov Prize atplenary session of the forum "Russia 2035: Towards a New Transport Economy", which took place in November 2023.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

.

Tourism exchange between Russia and Vietnam increased by 74%

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Ministry of Economic Development (Russia) – Ministry of Economic Development (Russia) –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The second meeting of the Russian-Vietnamese working group on tourism was held via videoconference on July 10. The Russian side was headed by Deputy Director of the Department of Multilateral Economic Cooperation and Special Projects of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia Igor Maksimov, the Vietnamese side was headed by Deputy Chairman of the National Administration of Tourism of Vietnam Ha Van Sieu. The event was also attended by representatives of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Russian and Vietnamese tourism industries and airlines.

The chairmen noted the growth of mutual tourist flows between the countries. According to the results of 2024, the tourist exchange exceeded 250 thousand people – this is 74% more than in 2023.

"The positive dynamics of growth in tourist flows is primarily due to the resumption of direct flights and the gradual easing of the visa regime. A visa-free entry regime for up to 45 days has been introduced for Russian tourists. Citizens of Vietnam, in turn, can apply for an electronic visa to Russia," said Igor Maksimov.

The Russian side separately thanked the Vietnamese partners for the initiative to sign an interdepartmental memorandum on cooperation in the field of tourism in May this year. The document is aimed at exchanging best practices in the field of tourism and hospitality, mutual promotion and further strengthening of business cooperation.

Business cooperation between the two countries is developing: Russian and Vietnamese partners hold joint events, participate in international exhibitions and forums. The interaction of tourist aggregators is strengthening – the Ostrovok website offers about 26 thousand accommodation options available for booking in Vietnam.

Following the meeting, the parties agreed to continue working together to create comfortable and safe conditions for tourists to stay in both countries.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

.

Marat Khusnullin: The urban development potential of integrated territorial development projects has reached 277 million square meters of real estate

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Ryazan region

The mechanism of integrated territorial development (ITD), launched in 2021, allows for the renewal of residential buildings and infrastructure, creating comfortable living conditions for people. This tool is planned to be used more actively in the implementation of the new national project "Infrastructure for Life", aimed at the integrated development of populated areas. This was announced by Deputy Prime Minister Marat Khusnullin.

"The KRT mechanism was provided to the regions for the high-quality renewal of settlements and the creation of a comfortable urban environment. This tool allows for the construction of modern housing, infrastructure, and the use of inefficiently used land. Since 2021, more and more regions have been joining this work and making decisions on the implementation of such projects. Currently, 1,616 territories with a total area of 38.65 thousand hectares are being developed. The total urban development potential of KRT projects is 277.3 million square meters of real estate, including 204.3 million square meters of housing," said Marat Khusnullin.

The Deputy Prime Minister also noted that to date, almost 2.3 million square meters of real estate have been put into operation under integrated territorial development projects, of which 1.9 million square meters are housing.

"1,051 construction permits have been issued for KRT projects, 572 territory planning documents have been approved, and 962 bidding procedures have been organized. This means that KRT as a tool for developing the urban environment is in demand among residents, regional authorities, and construction companies," said First Deputy Minister of Construction and Housing and Utilities Alexander Lomakin.

The KRT projects are in the active implementation stage for 1013 territories with a total area of 22.6 thousand hectares.

"Another area of the KRT is the resettlement of citizens from emergency and dilapidated housing. More than 15 thousand people have moved from uninhabitable houses with a total area of 270 thousand square meters under such projects. The regions have been tasked with increasing the pace of this work within the KRT. The Fund, as the operator of the program for resettling citizens from emergency houses, partially reimburses the developers' costs for these purposes," said Vasily Kupyzin, General Director of the Territorial Development Fund.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

.

Mikhail Mishustin gave instructions on the development of the creative economy

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The strategy for the development of the creative economy until 2036 must be prepared and submitted to the Government by mid-February 2026. This order was given by the head of the Cabinet of Ministers Mikhail Mishustin following the results of a strategic session dedicated to the development of this area.

The Ministry of Economic Development has been appointed responsible for developing the document. An interdepartmental coordinating body on creative industries development will be created at the Ministry's site, which will include interested federal executive bodies, public organizations and experts.

An action plan will be prepared to implement the creative economy development strategy. It should, among other things, provide for the formation of a national rating of regions for the development of creative industries, as well as an expansion of the list of activities related to this area – for this purpose, it is planned to amend the All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities (OKVED). One of the activities of the plan should also be the regular collection and analysis of feedback from creative industry entities.

In addition, Mikhail Mishustin instructed to conduct an analysis of the current general and sectoral support measures at the federal and regional levels that creative industries can receive by December 1. Based on the results of this work, proposals for the formation of a single register of such measures should be submitted to the Government.

The strategic session dedicated to the creative economy took place on June 24As Mikhail Mishustin noted in his speech, by the end of 2024, the contribution of the creative economy to GDP exceeded 4% – this is 7.5 trillion rubles.

"Creative industries give a very good boost to the economies of Russian regions and contribute to increasing their competitiveness," the Prime Minister emphasized. "Our task is to form a comprehensive system of support for creative industries, taking into account the specifics of each of them, to build effective interaction between business circles, federal and regional authorities, so that talented citizens throughout the country have ample opportunities to turn a creative idea into a successful business."

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

.

Russian schoolchildren won 5 gold and 1 silver medal at the 66th International Mathematical Olympiad

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The Russian team showed an impeccable result at the 66th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), which ended in the Sunshine Coast (Australia). Six participants representing our country won 5 gold and 1 silver medal. Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko and Minister of Education Sergey Kravtsov congratulated the schoolchildren and their mentors on their success at the prestigious intellectual tournament.

"Our country is the birthplace of a whole galaxy of outstanding mathematicians. We are sincerely glad that modern schoolchildren continue these glorious traditions and show high results. Our President Vladimir Putin emphasizes the importance of high-quality teaching and the enthusiasm of schoolchildren for mathematics. We thank teachers and mentors for their knowledge and support of children in developing their talents, and the schoolchildren themselves – for a reason to be proud of their success. Congratulations on your medals and I wish you the realization of your talents and a worthy application of your knowledge in the future," said the Deputy Prime Minister.

Russia is among the top ten countries in terms of quality of education and among the top three in international Olympiads. The number of medals, including gold, is growing.

Taking into account the awards at the International Mathematical Olympiad, Russian students won 16 medals at the main international Olympiads and 52 at intermediate (training) ones in 2025.

This year, more students chose to take exams in the natural sciences. Thus, there is an increase in the number of participants in the 2025 Unified State Exam in natural sciences: specialized mathematics, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology.

The head of the Ministry of Education noted that the medals are a fair reward for their talent, hard work and perseverance.

"I congratulate you on your successful participation in the 66th International Mathematical Olympiad. I am sincerely glad that in a fair fight with peers from different countries you demonstrated excellent preparation, team unity and the will to win. Your results are a true sign of the quality of the Russian education system and the national mathematical school. Special words of gratitude go to the teachers, coaches, mentors and relatives who share with you the joy of this well-deserved victory," emphasized Sergey Kravtsov.

Gold medals were awarded to:

— Ivan Chasovskikh (Secondary comprehensive school with in-depth study of individual subjects No. 14, Khimki, Moscow region), who scored 42 points;

— Dmitry Grishko (Moscow State Budgetary General Educational Institution “Fifty-Seventh School”), who scored 36 points;

— Ilya Zamotorin (Presidential Physics and Mathematics Lyceum No. 239, St. Petersburg), who scored 35 points;

— Vasily Patrushev (Secondary comprehensive school No. 9 with in-depth study of the Chinese language, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai), who scored 35 points;

— Artem Sadykov (Physics and Mathematics Lyceum No. 31, Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk Region), who scored 35 points.

Ivan Kokarev (Physics and Mathematics Lyceum No. 31, Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk Region) won silver.

In addition, Russian team member Ivan Chasovskikh won absolute 1st place.

The Russian national team was headed by the head of the resource center for additional education at the State Budgetary Educational Institution "Presidential Physics and Mathematics Lyceum No. 239" Kirill Sukhov. Deputy heads were Pavel Kozhevnikov and Ilya Bogdanov from MIPT, as well as Alexander Kuznetsov from the Presidential Physics and Mathematics Lyceum No. 239 in St. Petersburg.

The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is the largest and most prestigious of all international intellectual tournaments among high school students. In 2024, the Russian national team won six medals: four gold and two silver.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

.

Vasily Livanov, People's Artist of Russia

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Mikhail Mishustin congratulated the actor, director, and writer on his 90th birthday.

The telegram states, in particular:

“A talented person is talented in everything – this is about you – a wonderful actor, director, screenwriter and writer.

For many years you have delighted your fans with your acting, the art of transformation, the ability to be different, but always convincing and organic. In each of your roles, scripts, stories there is a bright individuality, depth, a philosophical view. Your work is filled with a special energy of goodness. And therefore it enjoys great love of people of all generations.

I wish you good luck, health and prosperity."

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

.

The government will finance the development of energy and housing and communal services enterprises in Dagestan, Ingushetia and North Ossetia

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Order dated July 17, 2025 No. 1930-r

Document

Order dated July 17, 2025 No. 1930-r

More than 1 billion rubles will be additionally allocated for the implementation of programs for the sustainable development of energy and housing and communal services enterprises in Dagestan, Ingushetia and North Ossetia, which have become pilot regions in this project. An order to this effect has been signed.

Funds from the Government's reserve fund are needed to co-finance the expenses of three regions within the framework of the implementation of such programs.

One of the areas of work is the consolidation of the regional property complex of housing and communal services. This is done by single operators created in each entity. In addition, the program activities are aimed at attracting qualified specialists to the industry. Also, within the framework of the programs, economically justified tariffs are established. As a rule, they differ from those in effect previously, therefore, during the transition period, the federal center helps the territories compensate consumers for the difference in tariffs.

The implementation of pilot programs for the sustainable development of energy and housing and communal services enterprises in Dagestan, Ingushetia and North Ossetia began in 2022. The need to continue such work is reflected in the instructions of Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin, which he gave following the results meetings of the government commission for the development of the North Caucasus Federal DistrictIt took place on May 27, 2025 in Mineralnye Vody.

The question was approved onGovernment meeting on July 17.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

.

Dmitry Chernyshenko: the federal project "Five Seas and Lake Baikal" was supplemented by the project "Balaklava Bay" in Sevastopol

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Ministry of Economic Development (Russia) – Ministry of Economic Development (Russia) –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

A meeting of the subcommittee on the implementation of tourism investment projects of federal significance of the Government Commission for the Development of Tourism in the Russian Federation was held under the chairmanship of Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko.

The event was also attended by Deputy Minister of Economic Development of Russia Dmitry Vakhrukov, as well as representatives of the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Energy, Rosreestr, JSC Corporation Tourism. RF and others.

The meeting discussed the organization of work on the implementation of the project of federal year-round resorts "Five Seas and Lake Baikal".

Dmitry Chernyshenko emphasized that thanks to the implementation of the project, by 2030 an additional 10 million tourists will be able to vacation per year.

"On the instructions of President Vladimir Putin, within the framework of the national project "Tourism and Hospitality", we are working on the federal project "Five Seas and Lake Baikal" with a total funding volume for all projects until 2030 of 103 billion rubles. I would like to note that today we need to prioritize the objects, we will establish the order of projects, especially since there are instructions from the President and a number of initiatives to create resorts in other regions. Thus, the federal project "Five Seas and Lake Baikal" was supplemented by the project "Balaklava Bay" in Sevastopol," the Deputy Prime Minister noted.

Deputy Minister of Economic Development of Russia Dmitry Vakhrukov added that the implementation of the project of federal year-round resorts "Five Seas and Lake Baikal" will further increase the number of tourist trips around Russia, as well as expand the number of rooms.

"Systematic work on the implementation of the federal project is carried out in strict accordance with the approved roadmaps. This indicates a high degree of involvement of the subjects and a clear understanding of the tasks. Most projects are being implemented within the planned timeframes. Work is constantly underway to balance the sources of financing the supporting infrastructure, attract and support investors. We are confident that this approach will contribute to the timely implementation of projects," he said.

Dmitry Vakhrukov reminded that the construction of resorts should become one of the priority tasks.

Governor of Saint Petersburg Alexander Beglov called the Saint Petersburg Marina project significant for the city. To implement it, a structure for financing the construction of road facilities and, to a significant extent, engineering infrastructure has been defined to date. The plans include continuing work on including measures to create road infrastructure and street and road networks in the Infrastructure for Life.

Deputy Governor of Zaporizhia Region Alexander Zinchenko presented a report on the Primorsk project, Governor of Irkutsk Region Igor Kobzev spoke about the Gates of Baikal and Baikal Sloboda, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Buryatia Vyacheslav Sukhorukov – about Magic Baikal. Acting Minister of Resorts, Tourism and Olympic Heritage of Krasnodar Region Mikhail Zaritsky reported on the implementation of the New Anapa project, and Deputy Governor of Sevastopol Maria Litovko presented the Balaklava Bay project in Sevastopol.

Information was also presented on the projects “Golden Sands” in the Republic of Crimea, “Caspian Coastal Cluster” in the Republic of Dagestan, “Primorye” in Primorsky Krai.

In conclusion, Dmitry Chernyshenko called on the regions to more actively interact with federal ministries and departments in order to more quickly resolve issues related to project implementation.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Alexander Novak held a meeting on the current economic situation.

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak held a meeting on the current economic situation. It was attended by Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office Maxim Oreshkin, Chairperson of the Central Bank Elvira Nabiullina, CEO of Gazprom Neft Alexander Dyukov, representatives of federal authorities, the Moscow city government, as well as experts from VEB.RF, Sber, the Eurasian Economic Commission, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, the Center for Macroeconomic Analysis and Short-Term Forecasting, etc.

The participants discussed the results of the economic block's work in May and the first five months of 2025, proposals for further economic development taking into account current challenges, as well as the results of monitoring systemically important organizations for January–June 2025. In particular, issues of the work of various industries in the context of the current economic cooling were touched upon.

According to the Ministry of Economic Development, GDP growth in January–May 2025 was 1.5%. Investments in the first quarter grew by 8.7%.

The growth of the manufacturing industry and a number of other sectors continued compared to the same period last year. The most active growth in January-May was demonstrated by such segments as mechanical engineering, which increased production by 13.3%, and the public catering sector, which showed growth of 8.3%. The construction industry added 5.5%, and the chemical complex demonstrated growth of 3.5%.

The current figures come amid record low unemployment, which stood at 2.3% in January-May 2025.

The ruble continued to strengthen, as well as a decrease in inflation. In May, it was 9.9%, decreasing to 9.4% in June and to 9.34% on July 14 year-on-year. The Ministry of Economic Development maintains its inflation forecast for 2025 at 7.6%, but this indicator may be adjusted to below 7% if the current dynamics are maintained.

"Our work is aimed at achieving national development goals, including the formation of a sustainable and dynamic economy. Our focus is on key indicators identified by the President as priorities. Among them are the dynamics of the gross domestic product, the position of the Russian economy in the world in terms of purchasing power parity, the level of investment, the income of the population, the position of workers in small and medium-sized businesses, labor productivity, inflation and employment of citizens, as well as other parameters reflecting the current state and prospects for economic development," said Alexander Novak.

Following the meeting, Alexander Novak instructed federal authorities to continue to actively monitor the situation in the areas under their supervision and, if necessary, take measures aimed at improving the situation and submit relevant proposals to the Government.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Tatyana Golikova visited the Kaluga region on a working trip.

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova and Kaluga Region Governor Vladislav Shapsha opened a children's and adult polyclinic in Kaluga. The new facility is designed for 650 visits per shift, its area is 17.5 thousand square meters.

"I sincerely congratulate you with all my heart, because this is a truly significant event: here, in the Pravoberezhny microdistrict of Kaluga, a large children's and adult clinic is opening. This is another result of the national project "Healthcare", which was announced by our President in 2018, completed in 2024, but we continue this work, because we understand perfectly well that the availability and quality of medical care is an absolute priority of our state, because there is nothing more precious than the health of citizens. And today's clinic, both adult and children's, and the clinic that provides assistance to pregnant women, is a very important contribution to the development of the Kaluga region. Because a healthy person is a capable person who creates the wealth of the Kaluga land," said Tatyana Golikova.

The Deputy Prime Minister emphasized that the national goal of preserving the population, strengthening health, improving well-being and supporting families is key. In total, 11 thousand healthcare facilities were created within the framework of the national project "Healthcare". In the Kaluga Region, 236 primary care facilities were created and renovated. Since January 1, 2025, the development of the healthcare system continues within the framework of the new national projects "Long and Active Life" and "Family".

"Today, primary healthcare is the first contact with the population, with the patient. Every year, more than 1 billion citizen requests are registered at the primary level. But the task of the polyclinic is not just to cure existing diseases. Its main goal is prevention, aimed at early detection of diseases or risks of their development, timely treatment and monitoring of patients' health," the Deputy Prime Minister emphasized.

The children's and adult polyclinic was built in the Pravoberezh'ye microdistrict in Kaluga. According to the region's governor Vladislav Shapsha, more than 70 thousand people live in this part of the city today.

The new facility houses three outpatient clinics with modern diagnostic facilities: adult and children's outpatient clinics, as well as a women's consultation center. The total cost of construction was 1.9 billion rubles. More than 8 thousand units of medical equipment and medical products were purchased. Including heavy equipment: magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, X-ray machine, fluorograph, mammograph. Subsidies from the federal and regional budgets were allocated for these purposes – 1.08 billion rubles and 0.5 billion rubles, respectively.

The Deputy Prime Minister inspected the computed tomography rooms, blood collection rooms, specialist doctors’ rooms, gastroscopy rooms, children’s physiotherapy and rehabilitation departments, women’s consultation rooms, a pharmacy – a branch of the Kalugafarmatsiya State Enterprise and a number of other premises.

The Deputy Prime Minister assessed the work of the modern electronic registry, which has been in operation at Kaluga City Hospital No. 5 since December last year as part of the pilot project "New Registry". Some of the duties of the medical staff were taken over by the employees of the multifunctional center. This allows optimizing the work of the medical institution, creating more comfortable conditions for patients, and minimizing queues.

The clinic also has conditions for students of the medical faculty of the Kaluga State University named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky – an office of the Department of Internal Medicine, where future doctors will master practical skills and work with mentors.

As part of her working visit, Tatyana Golikova also held an all-Russian conference entitled “Personnel for Modern Healthcare. Strategy for Reducing the Personnel Shortage.”

"Today, there are 558 thousand doctors and 1.2 million mid-level medical workers working in the healthcare system. For a very long time, we have been observing a steady trend towards a decrease in the number of personnel in the healthcare system, but over the last two years, the industry has nevertheless begun to grow, and we have seen positive changes over the last two years by more than 16 thousand doctors," noted Tatyana Golikova.

Thanks to the activities of the national project "Healthcare", by the end of 2024, the staffing of paramedic stations and outpatient organizations approached 95%. The Deputy Prime Minister emphasized that, on the instructions of the head of state, the federal project "Medical Personnel" was launched this year as part of the national project "Long and Active Life". Based on its results, by 2030 it is necessary to increase the provision of the population with doctors from 42.0 to 43.5 per 10 thousand people, and with mid-level medical personnel – from 83.3 to 85.1 per 10 thousand people.

The federal project includes measures to improve the qualifications and accelerate professional retraining of medical workers, increase the number of students in universities and colleges, create regional personnel centers and develop regional personnel programs. Regions need to develop social support measures in the form of providing housing for medical workers, the Deputy Prime Minister emphasized.

The conference was attended by Governor Vladislav Shapsha, Chairman of the Committee of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly on Budget and Financial Markets Anatoly Artamonov, heads of medical organizations of Kaluga and a number of other regions, and representatives of all Russian regions via videoconference.

The heads of relevant departments from the Kaluga, Irkutsk and Tyumen regions shared their successful experience in strengthening the human resources potential of healthcare. They also discussed improving the system of university training of qualified specialists using the example of the Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov.

In addition, as part of a working trip to the Kaluga Region, a meeting with Governor Vladislav Shapsha took place, as well as a visit to the K.E. Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.