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October 6, 2025 UN

The main news of the day at the UN and around the world: shelling in the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant area, $9 million for Gaza, a Security Council meeting on the resolution "Women, Peace and Security," and the election of the next Director-General of UNESCO.

Shooting near Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) experts at Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) heard multiple gunshots today. The shelling poses a threat to nuclear safety, as ZNPP has been without external power for almost two weeks, according to IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi. The incident, according to Grossi, demonstrates the ongoing danger facing Europe's largest nuclear power plant during armed conflict.

The situation in Gaza

UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Tom Fletcher allocated $9 million from the Central Emergency Response Fund to ensure sufficient fuel reserves to maintain vital services in the Gaza Strip. Meanwhile, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, shelling in the enclave continued over the weekend, but the intensity of airstrikes has been reported to have decreased in recent days. The previous day, according to Gaza health authorities, 21 people were killed and 96 injured in the Strip.

Women in conflict situations

Peace cannot be built without women's participation, but real change in the lives of women and girls caught up in conflict is still a long way off, he said. at a Security Council meeting on resolution 1325, UN Secretary-General Antonio GuterresThe resolution, adopted in 2000, affirms the role of women in conflict prevention and resolution and calls for their equal participation in all efforts to maintain peace and security. The UN chief expressed concern that women-led organizations are being deprived of resources, even though they provide vital support to millions of people.

Election of the Director of UNESCO

Following a vote, members of UNESCO's Executive Board nominated Khaled El-Anani, a representative of Egypt, for the post of Director-General of the Organization. The decision will be put to a vote by all UNESCO Member States on November 6 during the Organization's General Conference, which will be held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Khaled El-Anani is a professor of Egyptology at Helwan University and a former Minister of Tourism and Antiquities of Egypt.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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October 6, 2025 Healthcare

Europe has become the world leader in tobacco smoking rates: 24.1 percent of adults in the region used tobacco in 2024. Europe also has the highest smoking prevalence among women – 17.4 percent. This is according to a new global report from the World Health Organization (WHO).

According to the WHO, despite the decline in the number of smokers globally, the tobacco epidemic is far from over. The number of tobacco users worldwide has declined from 1.38 billion in 2000 to 1.2 billion in 2024. Since 2010, this number has decreased by 120 million people, or 27 percent. However, one in five adults worldwide remains dependent on tobacco, resulting in millions of preventable deaths annually.

Millions of people quit or never started using tobacco thanks to countries' efforts to combat tobacco addiction" , said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. "In response to this progress, the tobacco industry is fighting back, introducing new nicotine products and aggressively targeting young people. Governments need to act faster and more decisively to implement proven tobacco control measures."

New products of the tobacco industry

For the first time, the WHO has assessed the global spread of e-cigarettes, and the figures are alarming: more than 100 million people worldwide already vape.

There are at least 86 million adult users, most of whom live in high-income countries. Among adolescents (13-15 years old), there are at least 15 million, and in countries where data is available, children are, on average, nine times more likely to use e-cigarettes than adults.

According to WHO, the tobacco industry continues to introduce new products and technologies – electronic cigarettes, nicotine pouches, heated tobacco and other products that are harmful to people’s health, especially young people and teenagers.

"E-cigarettes are fueling a new wave of nicotine addiction," noted Etienne Krug, Director of the WHO Department of Health Determinants, Promotion, and Prevention. "They are promoted as a means of harm reduction, but in reality, they are introducing children to nicotine even earlier and threatening to undo decades of progress."

Women quit smoking faster than men

Although tobacco consumption has steadily declined among both men and women of all ages from 2000 to 2024, women are leading the way in quitting. This population group achieved the global target of reducing consumption by 30 percent by 2025 five years earlier, in 2020. Smoking prevalence among women fell from 11 percent in 2010 to 6.6 percent in 2024, and the number of female tobacco users decreased from 277 million to 206 million.

Men, on the other hand, won't reach the target until 2031. Today, more than 80 percent of the world's tobacco users are men, and there are still nearly 1 billion of them. Although prevalence among men has declined from 41.4 percent in 2010 to 32.5 percent in 2024, the rate of decline remains too slow.

Picture by region

Southeast Asia: Once the global smoking hotspot, male tobacco prevalence has fallen by almost half here, from 70 percent in 2000 to 37 percent in 2024; the region accounts for more than half of the global decline in smoking rates. Africa: has the lowest prevalence of any region, 9.5 percent in 2024; the region is on track to meet the global target, but the absolute number of tobacco users continues to rise due to population growth. Americas: The region has achieved a relative reduction of 36 percent, with smoking prevalence falling to 14 percent in 2024, although insufficient data are still available for an estimate in several countries. Eastern Mediterranean: Prevalence is 18 percent, with further increases in some countries. Western Pacific: 22.9 percent of adults use tobacco in 2024, down from 25.8 percent in 2010; progress is the slowest. While prevalence among women is low (2.5 percent), men remain the world's leading smokers, at 43.3 percent.

Call to action

WHO calls on governments to strengthen tobacco control by fully implementing and enforcing the MPOWER package of measures and WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, eliminate loopholes that allow the industry to influence children, and regulate new nicotine products, including e-cigarettes. The organization recommends raising tobacco taxes, banning advertising, and expanding smoking cessation programs.

"Nearly 20 percent of adults still use tobacco and nicotine products. We can't let up on our efforts now," emphasized Jeremy Farrar, Assistant Director-General for Public Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Control. "The world has made some progress, but only more decisive and accelerated action will help defeat the tobacco epidemic."

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October 6, 2025 Peace and security

Intensive attacks continued in several regions of Ukraine over the weekend, resulting in further civilian casualties and damage to civilian infrastructure. According to local authorities, more than ten civilians were killed and over 100 injured between October 4 and 6, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

According to the OCHA, Lviv, Zaporizhzhia, and parts of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv regions came under fire on Sunday. The attacks reportedly killed and wounded civilians. Residential buildings were damaged, and basic services were disrupted. Humanitarian organizations and emergency services are working on the ground, providing emergency aid to those affected.

The UN Office also reports that fierce fighting continues in the Donetsk region, resulting in civilian deaths and injuries. Furthermore, thousands of people have been left without power in recent days due to freezing temperatures.

On Saturday, a train station in the Sumy region came under attack. Numerous civilians were reportedly injured in the attack. The UN Humanitarian Coordinator in the country, Matthias Schmale, strongly condemned the incident.

"Civilians and civilian infrastructure are protected by international humanitarian law. There is no justification for harming civilian lives. These attacks must stop," he said.

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October 6, 2025 Peace and security

Peace cannot be built without the participation of women, but real change in the lives of women and girls caught up in conflict is still a long way off, UN Secretary-General António Guterres said at a Security Council meeting dedicated to Resolution 1325.

The Women, Peace and Security resolution was adopted 25 years ago, in October 2000. It is a landmark document that affirms the role of women in conflict prevention and resolution and calls for their equal participation in all efforts to maintain peace and security.

"We need real results"

“Too often we gather in rooms like these, full of conviction and determination, but ultimately fail to achieve real change in the lives of women and girls caught up in conflict,” the Secretary-General said.

The UN chief emphasized that over the past 25 years, women have played a key role in mediation, legislative reform, and protecting the rights of survivors of gender-based violence. More than 100 countries have adopted national plans to implement the Women, Peace, and Security agenda, and the number of women serving in UN peacekeeping missions has doubled.

He also noted that recent years have seen an increase in military spending, armed conflicts, and violence against women and girls. According to the UN, 676 million women live within 50 kilometers of war zones—a record high in decades.

The surge in sexual violence is particularly concerning: the number of reported attacks on girls increased by 35 percent last year. The Secretary-General also noted the increase in maternal mortality in conflict zones.

He specifically addressed the situation in Afghanistan, where “the systematic exclusion of women and girls from public life is in full swing,” and also mentioned the critical situations in the occupied Palestinian territories, Sudan, Haiti and Myanmar.

The Secretary-General is concerned that women-led organizations are being deprived of resources, even though they provide vital support to millions of people. According to the UN, 90 percent of such groups in conflict zones are experiencing financial difficulties, and almost half are at risk of closing within six months.

The Secretary-General called for women's participation in peace negotiations and emphasized that women's role in peacebuilding is irreplaceable.

“The world doesn’t need more reminders of this truth – it needs real results that reflect it.”

Sima Bacchus: "Opponents of equality are against the future"

UN Women Executive Director Sima Bacchus stated at a Security Council meeting that support for the principles of equality and women's participation in peacebuilding remains strong globally, despite pressure. She emphasized that even in Afghanistan, the majority of citizens—women and men—support girls' right to education.

"Even in Afghanistan, our monitoring data shows that 92 percent of Afghans – both women and men – believe that girls should have the opportunity to receive secondary education," Bacchus said.

She noted that despite the severe restrictions, Afghan women retain hope for the future.

The head of UN Women stated that the normalization of misogyny in politics and conflict is not an inevitable trend: "Some believe the growth and normalization of misogyny in politics and conflict is unstoppable. This is not the case. Those who oppose equality do not own the future—it is ours."

Photo by UN

Bacchus stressed that the situation for women and girls could get worse before it gets better, primarily due to conflict and reduced humanitarian funding.

Despite this, she emphasized that women continue to be a driving force for peace. For example, in Haiti, women achieved near-equal representation in the new electoral council, and in Chad, they doubled their presence in parliament. Syria adopted an interim constitution guaranteeing the protection of women's rights, and Ukraine implemented gender-responsive budgeting.

Sima Bacchus called on states to increase investment in women's organizations, especially at the grassroots level. She emphasized that for 25 years, the global community has focused too much on international institutions, neglecting movements within countries. The head of UN Women proposed measuring progress not by declarations, but by concrete results – the number of women at the negotiating table and access to justice.

"When women lead, peace comes," Bacchus said.

Robotic tractors and combines will help protect agricultural workers.

Olga Uskova, President of the Russian company Cognitive Pilot, a leading developer of AI-powered autonomous ground transportation systems and AI-powered service robots, also spoke at the Security Council. The company produces "artificial brains" for tractors, combine harvesters, and sprayers, enabling modern machines to perform a full range of agricultural tasks without human intervention.

According to Uskova, women in Russia have historically been actively involved in the most complex and cutting-edge scientific and technological fields. Of the 73 patents registered by Cognitive Pilot in robotics and AI, 28 belong to teams led by women.

She recounted her trip to Kigali, Rwanda, seven years ago, as well as a recent trip to Belgorod: "Some Belgorod children and their mothers are experiencing panic attacks, bedwetting, and forced to switch to distance learning," Uskova said.

"We're deploying robotic tractors and combines all over the world so that no one's parents will ever be blown up in fields by mines and war drones while growing grain. And so that the little ones of Belgorod will always smile when they greet their living parents coming home from work. So that the children of Africa will eat bread grown in Russia and no longer die of hunger or bombs," she added.

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October 6, 2025 Refugees and migrants

Filippo Grandi addressed the Executive Committee of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva for the last time as its head. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees summed up a decade marked by rising numbers of internally displaced people, declining humanitarian funding, and a crisis of confidence in international cooperation.

He recalled that since his appointment in 2015, the number of people forced to flee their homes due to conflict and persecution has almost doubled, reaching 122 million.

Crisis of confidence and the rise of isolationism

Anti-immigrant sentiment has grown stronger over the decade, fueled by "manipulation and politicization" and "people's general disillusionment with the institutions that are supposed to represent them," Grandi said.

Read also:

World Refugee Day: One in 67 people on the planet is forced to flee

"We see how the pendulum of state behavior has swung from cooperation to transactional politics," he noted.

The High Commissioner stressed that “the atrocities committed in Gaza, the West Bank, Ukraine, Sudan and Myanmar demonstrate the abandonment of norms in the name of violence.”

Protection of international law

Grandi warned against trying to revise Convention relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951, calling it a "catastrophic mistake."

"The right to seek asylum wasn't invented 75 years ago. The moral obligation to provide shelter to those fleeing danger is enshrined in sacred texts around the world," he said.

The High Commissioner stressed that the principles of sovereignty and the right to asylum do not contradict but complement each other.

He also recalled that three-quarters of all refugees are not in Europe or North America, but in low- and middle-income countries.

The UN representative noted that the Global Compact on Refugees, adopted in 2018, has become a tool for practical solutions.

The financial crisis and its consequences

Grandi called financial situation humanitarian agencies "as a result of political decisions with disastrous consequences." The High Commissioner noted that the amount of funds available to UNHCR has been estimated to have fallen to $3.9 billion in 2025, a decrease of $1.3 billion from the previous year.

The High Commissioner reported that due to resource shortages, more than 5,000 staff had to be laid off and programs to prevent gender-based violence, provide psychosocial support, support schools, and resettle refugees had to be suspended. He warned that such drastic cuts in foreign aid would create a domino effect, destabilizing countries and institutions.

"We must not put up with war."

Grandi noted that, despite the crisis, UNHCR continues reforms aimed at simplifying coordination mechanisms and increasing operational efficiency. He emphasized that the Office is actively involved in developing a roadmap for reforming the humanitarian system and strengthening cooperation with the International Organization for Migration (IOM), including in Afghanistan, North Africa, and Latin America.

In the final part of his speech, Filippo Grandi turned to examples that inspire hope: the return of Syrian refugees, peace efforts in the Great Lakes region and growing opportunities for recovery.

“We must not put up with war, even if it seems inevitable,” he stressed.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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October 5, 2025 Sustainable Development Goals

According to the UN, approximately one in eight people on the planet lives in informal settlements, and more than 300 million people have no home at all. The United Nations is reminding us of this ahead of World Habitat Day, which will be celebrated on October 6.

This day is held annually on the first Monday in October. It aims to remind the world of every person's right to decent housing, as well as the importance of developing cities and other populated areas.

Housing problems aren't limited to developing countries. For example, in wealthy countries like the United States, many young people can't afford decent housing.

Forced migrants

In 2025, the Day will be held under the theme "Urban Solutions for Crisis." The UN is drawing attention to scalable solutions to the challenges of forced displacement.

In his message on the occasion of the Day, the UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres noted: “Conflict, political instability and the climate emergency have forced 123 million people to flee their homes, with most seeking safety in already struggling cities and towns.”

Urban solutions

The Secretary General emphasized that it is cities that are capable of offering effective solutions.

"A city isn't just brick buildings. It's the promise of home," he said, calling for "more resilient cities where everyone feels safe and in their place."

As part of World Humanitarian Day, events aimed at promoting effective urban solutions will be held at the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) headquarters in Nairobi. The focus will be on the importance of urban and territorial planning, inclusive urban governance, and the role of local authorities in improving conditions for internally displaced persons.

Additionally, the fifth meeting of the UN Mayors' Forum, under the theme "Cities Shaping the Future," will take place at the Palais des Nations in Geneva on October 6–7. Mayors from around the world will gather to share experiences and jointly develop recommendations highlighting the key role of cities and local governments in shaping a sustainable future.

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October 4, 2025 Healthcare

Leading reproductive health organizations today presented new guidelines calling for a radical rethinking of approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The document emphasizes the need for earlier detection and rapid intervention—measures that could save tens of thousands of women each year.

Excessive bleeding after childbirth is one of the leading causes maternal mortality – affects millions of women annually and causes approximately 45,000 deaths. Even if PPH is not fatal, it can cause serious and long-term health problems, ranging from organ dysfunction to hysterectomies (uterine removal) and post-traumatic stress disorder.

"Postpartum hemorrhage is the most dangerous complication of childbirth because it develops with astonishing speed. While it cannot always be predicted, deaths can be prevented with the right care," said Dr. Jeremy Farrar, Assistant Director for Public Health Promotion, Disease Prevention and Control at the World Health Organization (WHO).

Early diagnosis and rapid response

New guidelines developed by the WHO, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), and the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) introduce updated criteria for diagnosing PPH. They are based on the largest study on the topic, also published today in the medical journal The Lancet.

Traditionally, PPH was diagnosed with blood loss of 500 ml or more. Now, doctors and midwives are advised to take action at 300 ml of blood loss if abnormal vital signs are observed. To detect PPH early, specialists are advised to closely monitor women after childbirth and use special wipes to accurately measure blood loss.

Once diagnosed, it is recommended to apply immediately. MOTIVE action package, including uterine massage, the use of oxytocin to stimulate contractions and tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce bleeding, intravenous fluids, examination of the genital tract, and transition to advanced treatment if bleeding continues. In rare cases, surgical interventions or blood transfusions may be required.

Prevention and risk reduction

The guidelines emphasize the importance of high-quality antenatal and postnatal care to reduce risk factors such as anemia. Anemia, which is common in low- and middle-income countries, increases the risk of PPH and worsens its consequences. Women with anemia are recommended to take daily iron and folic acid supplements during pregnancy and, if necessary, intravenous iron transfusions.

The document also warns against unsafe practices such as routine episiotomy (perineal incision) and recommends preventative methods such as perineal massage in late pregnancy to reduce the risk of injury and severe bleeding.

During the third stage of labor, the use of a high-quality uterotonic (a drug that stimulates uterine contractions) is recommended, preferably oxytocin or heat-stable carbetocin. If intravenous medications are unavailable, misoprostol can be used as a last resort.

The recommendations, along with accompanying training materials, were presented at the FIGO 2025 World Congress in Cape Town, South Africa.

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