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October 23, 2025 Peace and security

After two years of devastating war in Gaza, an opportunity has emerged to close a dark chapter in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and chart a path to a more just and peaceful future. This was stated by Ramiz Alakbarov, Deputy Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process, speaking at a Security Council meeting on Thursday.

He said the suffering of Palestinians and Israelis will leave a mark on generations, and the situation for civilians in the occupied Palestinian territory remains dire.

A fragile truce

"The devastation in Gaza is beyond words," the rapporteur said. "Civilians, including children, women, and men, continue to suffer the consequences of war and deprivation." The UN representative also recalled that the bodies of dead Israeli hostages remain in Gaza, where their families are waiting "in agony" for the return of their loved ones' remains.

Alakbarov emphasized that the ceasefire gives hope, but the situation remains extremely volatile. "A return to conflict must be avoided at all costs. The remaining bodies of the deceased hostages must be returned without further delay. Humanitarian aid must be delivered to the Strip in full to meet the enormous needs of the residents where they are located," he noted, calling on all parties to strictly adhere to their obligations under the agreement.

Humanitarian principles

The Deputy Special Coordinator said that following the ceasefire's entry into force, the UN and its partners promptly increased humanitarian efforts in Gaza.

He said the UN is implementing a 60-day plan aimed at simplifying customs procedures, expanding delivery routes, ensuring the safe movement of humanitarian personnel, and restoring key services.

According to UN data, the volume of aid arriving in Gaza in the first week after the ceasefire increased by 46 percent, but according to Alakbarov, “this is still not enough" He called for opening more transitions to enter the enclave, ensure safe humanitarian corridors, a constant supply of fuel, and the ability of organizations to operate in accordance with humanitarian principles.

Restoring order

The UN representative also expressed concern about the ongoing violence in Gaza, which "undermines humanitarian efforts and threatens stability." He emphasized the need to restore public order as a key step in improving the humanitarian situation.

The speaker also noted that this the restoration process in the enclave The UN, he said, is ready to facilitate the coordination of these efforts with the Palestinian Authority, international partners, civil society, and the private sector, in accordance with the ceasefire commitments, the New York Declaration, and the Arab Recovery and Reconstruction Plan.

International law

Alakbarov also recalled that International Court of Justice October 22 issued an advisory opinion, which stated that Israel is obligated to fulfill its obligations under international law, ensure humanitarian access and cooperate with the UN.

Speaking about the situation in the West Bank, he noted that tens of thousands of Palestinians have been displaced by Israeli security operations. "Palestinians must be allowed to return to their homes, and the local economy must function," Alakbarov said. He also condemned settler violence against Palestinian farmers. during the olive harvest.

In addition, the Deputy Special Coordinator drew attention to the dire financial situation of the Palestinian Authority, which, according to him, is unable to receive approximately three billion dollars in tax revenues withheld by Israel.

Peace process

Concluding his speech, he emphasized that the peace process is at a "decisive but fragile stage." According to Alakbarov, President Trump's 20-point plan and the declaration signed at the Sharm el-Sheikh Peace Summit paved the way for ending the war. Furthermore, the upcoming Cairo Reconstruction Conference, co-hosted by Egypt, the Palestinian Authority, and the UN, will be an important platform for advancing Gaza's reconstruction efforts.

"The international community has in recent weeks reaffirmed its commitment to a sustainable end to the wider Israeli-Palestinian conflict," the rapporteur noted.

The UN, he said, will continue to support all efforts aimed at ending the occupation and realizing the solution of two states – Israel and Palestine, including Gaza – living side by side in peace and security within the pre-1967 borders, with Jerusalem as the capital of both states.

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October 22, 2025 Peace and security

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in the Occupied Palestinian Territory has warned of an alarming increase in violence by Israeli settlers and security forces against Palestinian farmers as the olive harvest season begins in the West Bank.

In the first half of 2025, 757 attacks by Israeli settlers resulting in casualties or property damage were recorded. This is 13 percent more than in the same period last year.

“Just two weeks into the harvest, we have witnessed brutal attacks by armed settlers against Palestinian men, women, children and foreign activists expressing solidarity with them,” said Ajit Sungai, head of the OHCHR office in the occupied Palestinian territory, on Wednesday.

Crop loss, land destruction

According to OHCHR, during the 2023 harvest season, approximately 9,600 hectares of olive groves remained uncultivated, resulting in losses of over $10 million for Palestinian farmers. This trend continued into 2024.

"Direct land destruction is intensifying," Sungai emphasized. "Settlers are burning plantations, cutting down olive trees with chainsaws, and destroying homes and agricultural infrastructure."

According to the UN, more than 1,000 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli forces or settlers in the West Bank since October 2023. Thousands of families have been forced to flee their homes due to attacks, restrictions on movement, and house demolitions.

The economic foundation of rural communities

"The olive tree here is more than just a tree," Sungai noted. "It represents the livelihood and traditions of our ancestors, resilience and economics, and a historical thread connecting Palestinians to the land."

According to him, approximately 100,000 Palestinian families depend on the olive harvest for their livelihoods. Thus, these plantations represent "the economic foundation of rural communities."

Ajit Sungai warned that the surge in settler violence comes "against the backdrop of Israel's accelerated territorial acquisition," with officials openly declaring their intention to annex the entire West Bank.

He recalled that Israel is "legally obligated to end the occupation and reverse the annexation" and called on UN member states to exert maximum pressure to protect civilians and bring to justice those responsible for "decades of violations."

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October 22, 2025 UN

The main news of the day at the UN and around the world: the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on Israel's obligations as an occupying power, a powerful wave of attacks across Ukraine, a Security Council meeting on Syria, and the Seville forum on debt issues.

The International Court of Justice on Israel's obligations

International Court of Justice The Court issued an advisory opinion on Israel's obligations as an occupying power with respect to the presence and activities of the UN and other international organizations in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. It affirmed that Israel is obligated to comply with international humanitarian law, including providing the population with food, water, shelter, fuel, medical care, and other essential means of survival. The Court also ruled that Israel must "accept and facilitate by all possible means humanitarian operations," including the activities of UN agencies.

A powerful wave of attacks across Ukraine

On Wednesday, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported a new wave of powerful overnight attacks across the country, killing and wounding civilians, including children. The strikes primarily targeted the capital, Kyiv. In Kharkiv, residential buildings, a school, and a kindergarten were damaged. Civilian infrastructure, including energy and port facilities, was damaged in several other regions. The Ukrainian Ministry of Energy confirmed that the attacks affected energy infrastructure nationwide, causing power outages. Water supply disruptions were also reported.

Security Council meeting on Syria

Speaking at a Security Council meeting on Wednesday, Najat Roshdi, Deputy Special Envoy to Syria, emphasized the need for urgent steps to ensure an inclusive transformation in the country, particularly with regard to the political participation of women and members of ethnic and religious minorities. Despite President Ahmed al-Shara's promises to form an "inclusive transitional government," women are underrepresented in government: of the 119 elected members of the Transitional People's Assembly, only six are women. Their representation in other government bodies also remains minimal.

Seville Debt Forum

In Geneva, where the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD-16) is currently taking place, the Seville Debt Forum has launched. It aims, with UN support, to help developing countries overcome the burden of their sovereign debt. Currently, more than three billion people worldwide live in countries that spend more on debt than on healthcare or education. The forum, led by Spain, will become a new hub for dialogue, bringing together all stakeholders—creditors, borrowers, international financial institutions, and academia—to find innovative solutions. The UN, represented by UNCTAD and the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, will provide expert support.

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October 22, 2025 Peace and security

The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported on Wednesday a new wave of deadly night attacks across the country, killing and wounding civilians, including children.

The strikes primarily hit the capital, Kyiv. In Kharkiv, residential buildings, a school, and a kindergarten were damaged. Civilian infrastructure, including energy and port facilities, was damaged in several other regions.

The Ukrainian Ministry of Energy confirmed that the attacks affected energy infrastructure across the country, causing power outages. Water supply disruptions were also reported. Train traffic on the railway network was hampered due to damage to tracks.

Since early Wednesday morning, UN and partner humanitarian aid workers have been providing assistance to victims, complementing the work of government emergency services.

In the Kherson region, an interagency humanitarian convoy reached the village of Urozhayne, a frontline settlement regularly subject to shelling and drone attacks. Together with its partners, the UN delivered 11 tons of humanitarian aid for 1,000 residents: food, hygiene and sanitary kits, warm blankets, solar lamps, and medicine. This is the 24th humanitarian convoy sent to the affected areas of the Kherson region this year.

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October 22, 2025 Climate and environment

No country is immune to the devastating impacts of extreme weather events, UN Secretary-General António Guterres said on Wednesday, calling for early warning systems to be made accessible to all.

"Early warning systems work," he emphasized, speaking at a World Meteorological Organization (WMO) forum in Geneva. "They enable farmers to protect crops and livestock, allow families to evacuate safely, and protect entire communities from destruction."

According to the UN Secretary-General, the mortality rate from natural disasters is at least six times lower in countries with effective early warning systems. He added that a 24-hour warning of impending disaster can reduce damage by 30 percent.

In 2022, the UN Secretary-General launched the Early Warning for All initiative, which aims to ensure that every person on the planet is protected through warning systems by 2027.

According to the WMO, more than half of the world's countries are already equipped with multipurpose early warning systems. Least developed countries have nearly doubled their capacity in this area since official reporting began, but, as Guterres noted, "there's still a long way to go."

At a special session of the World Meteorological Congress earlier this week, countries endorsed the Secretary-General's urgent call to action to address remaining gaps in the monitoring system.

Increased impacts of extreme weather

WMO chief Celeste Saulo, who advocates for the widespread implementation of early warning systems, warned that the impacts of climate change are intensifying: "Extreme weather events are devastating lives and livelihoods, undermining development gains."

She noted that today there is a real opportunity to use climate analytics and technological advances “to build a more sustainable future for all.”

According to the WMO, weather, water and climate hazards have claimed the lives of more than two million people over the past five decades, with 90 percent of deaths occurring in developing countries.

Financing and climate commitments

Antonio Guterres stressed that a significant increase in funding is needed for countries to act "at the speed and scale required."

"To reach every community, a dramatic increase in financing is needed," he said. "Too many developing countries face limited fiscal space, slowing investment growth, unsustainable debt burdens, and systemic risks."

The UN chief called for action to address the root causes of the climate crisis to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels – even though he said that threshold would inevitably be exceeded in the coming years.

"It's already clear: we won't be able to keep warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius in the coming years," Guterres warned. "Overshooting is inevitable. This means we're headed for a period—more or less prolonged and intense—with temperatures above 1.5 degrees Celsius."

However, the Secretary-General continued, humanity is “not doomed to live with warming at 1.5 degrees” if there is a global shift in attitudes towards this problem and countries take the necessary measures.

Ahead of the UN Climate Conference

At the next UN Climate Change Conference, which will take place from November 10 to 21 in Brazil, where countries must commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions over the next decade, "we need to be much more ambitious," Guterres said.

"In Brazil, leaders must agree on a realistic plan to mobilize $1.3 trillion annually by 2035 to finance climate action in developing countries," the UN chief stressed.

Guterres called on developed countries to deliver on their pledge to double climate adaptation funding to $40 billion this year and to provide substantial contributions to the Loss and Damage Fund.

In closing his speech, the Secretary-General expressed solidarity with the scientific community and stressed that the “ideas, knowledge and influence” of WMO, which is celebrating its 75th anniversary this year, “are needed today more than ever.”

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October 22, 2025 Climate and environment

Countries must accelerate action to minimize global temperature rise and reduce methane emissions. Otherwise, the Global Methane Agreement's target of reducing methane emissions by 30 percent by 2030 will not be achieved, according to a new report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

Methane remains the second most significant contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide, accounting for 30 percent of global warming.

Observational data is a vital tool

A critical tool for tracking methane emissions is real-world data, which has historically been underreported. UNEP reports that oil and gas companies—participants in the Oil and Gas Methane Partnership 2.0 (OGMP 2.0), created under the organization's auspices—plan to track a third of global methane emissions using real-world measurements.

“Reducing methane emissions can quickly change the trajectory of global warming, buying time for long-term decarbonisation efforts, so it is encouraging that data-driven tools are helping the oil and gas industry report its emissions and set ambitious reduction targets,” said Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP.

Reaction to warnings

UNEP notes that while in 2024 only one percent of recipients (governments and companies) responded to methane emission warnings recorded by UNEP, this figure has risen to 12 percent this year. However, nearly 90 percent of such warnings remain unanswered.

"To maintain the ability to meet the Paris Agreement's goals, progress in reporting must translate into real emissions reductions. Every company must join the Oil and Gas Methane Partnership 2.0, and governments and operators are obligated to respond to satellite warnings—and then take action to reduce emissions," Andersen emphasized.

Transparency in the industry is growing, but concrete action is needed

OGMP 2.0 is the global standard for measuring and reducing methane emissions in the oil and gas sector and serves as the basis for methane legislation in the world's largest consuming market – the European Union.

Over the past five years, the number of OGMP 2.0 participants has more than doubled. The partnership now includes 153 companies from various countries, representing 42 percent of global oil and gas production.

Today, companies report—or will soon report—one-third of global oil and gas production in accordance with the OGMP 2.0 "Gold Standard," which means emissions are tracked based on actual measurements. This allows not only for effective measurement but also for emission reduction.

Sixty-five companies, representing 17 percent of global oil and gas production, have already achieved the Gold Standard. About 50 companies, representing another 15 percent of global production, are on track to achieve full compliance. Another 22 companies provide emissions data, but their reporting does not yet meet the Gold Standard requirements.

UNEP expands support for companies

UNEP's International Methane Observatory is expanding its Steel Methane Programme, which will, among other things, improve transparency in the sector.

As part of the observatory, UNEP also supported 46 scientific studies on methane across six continents. These studies filled knowledge gaps, including by testing new technologies for measuring emissions at oil and gas facilities and quantifying emissions in coking coal mining regions. The international observatory is also developing estimates of methane emissions from rice cultivation and livestock farming.

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October 22, 2025 Peace and security

Speaking at a Security Council meeting on Wednesday, the UN Secretary-General's Deputy Special Envoy for Syria, Najat Roshdi, stressed the need for urgent steps to ensure an inclusive transformation in the country, particularly with regard to the political participation of women and members of ethnic and religious minorities.

Women are the key to Syria's future

Roshdi noted that the 25th anniversary of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 is an opportunity to reaffirm women's right to participate in peacebuilding in Syria. Despite President Ahmed al-Shara's promises to form an "inclusive transitional government," women remain underrepresented: of the 119 elected members of the Transitional People's Assembly, only six are women. Their representation in electoral bodies and among candidates also remains minimal.

"Syrian women are the country's greatest resource. They want to participate in political transformation—and they should be able to do so on equal terms with men," Roshdi said.

Critical remarks

According to Roshdi, the October 5 elections were generally peaceful, despite isolated incidents, including the murder of a candidate in Tartus. However, the election process was met with criticism regarding opaque procedures, weak civil society engagement, and limited representation of ethnic and religious communities. Among those elected were only one Christian, three Ismailis, three Alawites, four Kurds, and no Druze. Consequently, the Deputy Special Envoy called for a more inclusive approach in future elections.

Economy and sanctions

Roshdi emphasized that without large-scale international support, the transition process in Syria is doomed to failure. She called for the swift lifting of sanctions, including export restrictions, and welcomed the US Senate's decision to repeal the Caesar Act (a set of measures aimed at economically isolating the Assad regime – editor's note).

Call for respect for Syria's sovereignty

Roshdi condemned ongoing attempts at external interference, including Israeli operations in the south of the country, and called for the 1974 disengagement agreement to be respected. She stressed the importance of dialogue and international support, particularly in the context of concerns among Druze and Bedouin about their future in Syria.

In closing, Roshdi reaffirmed the UN's commitment to supporting the Syrian people and the country's new authorities in building a secure, inclusive, and prosperous future.

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October 22, 2025 International law

The International Court of Justice has issued an advisory opinion on Israel's obligations as an occupying power with respect to the presence and activities of the UN, other international organizations and third States in the Occupied Palestinian Territories.

The Court confirmed that Israel is obliged to comply with international humanitarian law, including providing the population with food, water, shelter, fuel, medical care and other necessary means for survival.

The Court ruled that Israel must "accept and facilitate by all possible means humanitarian operations," including the work of UN agencies, primarily UNRWA, and not obstruct their work. Furthermore, Israel is obligated to respect and protect medical and humanitarian personnel, prevent forced displacement and deportation, and not use starvation as a method of warfare.

The International Court also stated that Israel must cooperate with the UN in good faith, ensure the inviolability of the Organization's premises and property, and respect the privileges and immunities of UN and other international personnel.

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