Top Stories of the Day | Tuesday: Sudan, South Sudan, Fish Fraud, Pulses

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February 10, 2026 UN

The top news of the day at the UN and around the world: humanitarian catastrophe and aid shortages in Sudan, escalating violence and political deadlock in South Sudan, fraud in the fish and seafood trade, pulses as part of the solution to malnutrition.

The situation in Sudan

Children in Sudan today live in conditions the world's largest humanitarian disaster, UN representatives warned on Tuesday. Amid intensifying fighting, they are receiving less and less aid. In some areas of Northern Darfur, more than half of children suffer from acute malnutrition. Across the country, nearly 34 million people—roughly two-thirds of the population—need humanitarian assistance. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) supports 25 therapeutic feeding programs and delivers supplies from Chad, but funding shortages are seriously hampering their work.

Escalating violence in South Sudan

Escalating violence, political deadlock and shrinking humanitarian aid capacity are driving South Sudan closer to a new full-scale conflictUN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix warned Security Council members of this on Tuesday. He reported that clashes between government forces and the opposition have intensified in recent weeks, particularly in Jonglei State. Lacroix called on South Sudanese leaders to return to dialogue.

Fraud in the fishing sector

About 20 percent of global fisheries trade is result of fraudThis is a significantly higher figure than in the meat, fruit, and vegetable trade. Today, a huge variety of fish and seafood—over 12,000—can be found on store and market shelves, and scammers often exploit this to make easy money. For example, minced fish is sold as crab meat, dyes are added to tuna and salmon to make them look fresh, and cheaper fish is passed off as more expensive.

World Pulses Day

Around 700 million people worldwide face food shortages, and climate change threatens crops. Pulses could be part of the solution, according to the UN. Every year on February 10, the day is celebrated. World Pulses DayThese crops are drought-resistant, grow well in any soil, and are highly nutritious and healthy. They are available to millions of people around the world, and the protein they contain is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to livestock products.

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AI has stopped waiting for instructions – are we ready for a new era?

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February 10, 2026 Economic development

Artificial intelligence today means different things to different people: for some, it's a powerful tool for solving global problems, while for others, it's a source of threats to jobs and privacy, as well as a lack of trust in online information. In practice, AI's impact is far more complex and significant.

The second edition of a report prepared by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and Deloitte shows that AI technologies are rapidly moving from the realm of experimental projects to widespread and diverse real-world applications.

While public attention is focused on generative models that create text, images, or code, more profound changes are occurring in the field of autonomous AI agents capable of planning tasks, making decisions, and coordinating actions with minimal human intervention. Such systems are already being used in healthcare, logistics, finance, and public administration, integrating into workflows and interacting with each other. But the more autonomy AI gains, the more important human oversight becomes—and this oversight must be carefully considered, the report's authors argue.

Applications of AI

The report states that AI is already delivering tangible results in key sectors. In education, adaptive systems tailor learning materials to individual students, and in regions with teacher shortages, digital tools are expanding access to quality education.

In medicine, AI helps detect diseases at an early stage, improves diagnostic accuracy, and accelerates drug development, while virtual assistants improve access to services in remote areas.

In the field of climate and ecology, artificial intelligence monitors environmental changes, optimizes energy systems, and warns of extreme weather events, helping countries adapt to climate risks.

In urban management, AI facilitates the optimization of transportation systems, timely emergency response, and effective modeling of infrastructure solutions. In agriculture, precision technologies enable more efficient use of resources and help farmers cope with climate instability and market uncertainty.

Growing risks

However, along with the opportunities come growing risks. According to the World Economic Forum, by 2030, the transformation could affect approximately 91 million existing jobs, while 170 million new ones could be created—a global net gain of 79 million. Meanwhile, employers expect nearly 40 percent of key skills to change, creating unprecedented pressure on education systems and the labor market.

The environmental impact is also becoming more pronounced: in 2024, data centers consumed approximately 1.5 percent of global electricity generation—a figure that could double by 2030. A single large data center can use as much energy as 100,000 households, making infrastructure resilience critical.

Digital sovereignty

To address these challenges, the institutions responsible for regulating AI must evolve to keep pace with the technologies themselves, the report's authors note. Governments around the world are striving for digital sovereignty by investing in their own computing power and technological components. New initiatives in this area view AI as a strategic resource comparable in importance to energy systems, and decisions about its development are becoming a matter of public policy.

The report's authors emphasize that AI does not automatically bring benefits. Its impact on society depends on how equitably access to the technology is distributed and how responsibly it is used. To avoid fragmentation and inequality, closer coordination is needed between governments, businesses, academia, and civil society organizations.

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Crab meat or minced fish: A new UN report reveals the scale of fraud in the fisheries sector.

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February 10, 2026 Economic development

Around 20 percent of global fisheries trade is the result of fraud. This figure is significantly higher than in the meat, fruit, and vegetable trade, primarily due to the diversity of species.

Today, a huge variety of fish and seafood—more than 12,000—can be found on store and market shelves, and scammers often exploit this to make easy money.

A new report from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) defines fisheries fraud as "deliberate practices aimed at misleading others" and includes several categories. Here are just a few:

Adulteration – for example, adding colorings to make tuna or salmon appear fresher; counterfeiting – for example, “shrimp production” from starch-based compounds; imitation – for example, selling minced fish as “crab sticks”; diversion – distributing legitimate products outside of their intended markets; false product positioning and labeling: fraudsters claim that products are “green” or mislead consumers about their origin and expiration dates; species substitution – for example, selling tilapia as red snapper.

Health hazard

As the FAO notes, fraud in the fish and seafood trade can harm human health, the environment, and economies.

The risks to humans are clear, as some types of fish are dangerous when eaten raw, and refreezing seafood increases the risk of bacterial growth.

Global problem

According to the organization, no continent or country—from Latin America to Asia—is immune to fish fraud. In the US alone, up to a third of all fish products are sold in packaging containing false or inaccurate information. However, only about one percent of such products are inspected.

Restaurants, the FAO emphasizes, are no exception – and they often receive goods with incorrect labeling (up to 30 percent).

Fish scams are easy money

Fraud in the fish trade is fueled by powerful economic incentives.

For example, selling farmed Atlantic salmon as Pacific salmon generates nearly $10 in additional profit per kilogram. Sea bass sold in Italy as a local product costs two to three times more than the same fish farmed in Greece or Turkey, and even more if sold as wild-caught.

Adding water to fish products to increase their weight and price is another easy way to sell them at a significantly higher price.

Tools for combating crime in the fishing industry

The FAO report recommends strengthening labelling requirements for fish and seafood, mandating the use of scientific names where possible, and improving monitoring systems.

FAO experts continuously develop international standards to combat food fraud and provide technical support to countries.

The organization reminds that modern technologies, including nuclear technology in some cases, can be used to check fish products, including for freezing, authenticity, and origin.

Efforts of countries

The report cites a number of coordinated anti-fraud efforts in Italy, Argentina and the United States.

For example, a study using so-called "DNA barcoding" conducted in Los Angeles found that mislabeling was rare among retail seafood products, while it was common in sushi restaurants. Mislabeling was rare among tuna and salmon products at the retail level, but widespread among red snapper and halibut.

Over 10 years, a local initiative bringing together industry, academic, and government officials has reduced the number of mislabeled products in some Los Angeles neighborhoods by two-thirds.

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Sudan: Children caught in the middle of the world's largest humanitarian crisis

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February 10, 2026 Peace and security

Children in Sudan are facing the world's worst humanitarian disaster, United Nations officials warned on Tuesday. As fighting intensifies, access to life-saving aid continues to decline.

"Catastrophic" hunger figures

"No child on the planet is currently experiencing what the children of Sudan are experiencing," said Ricardo Pires of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). He noted that the situation in Northern Darfur is rapidly deteriorating: in some areas, more than half of all children suffer from acute malnutrition.

According to new data, three districts have reached catastrophic levels. In Um Barru, the global acute malnutrition rate has reached 53 percent—one of the highest levels ever recorded globally. In Kernoi, the rate is 34 percent, and in At Tina, 20 percent.

After the fall of El Fasher in October 2025, more than 127,000 people fled to areas already in crisis. Fighting has now broken out there again, and children find themselves at the epicenter of what humanitarian workers are calling "a possible final battle for Darfur."

Two-thirds of the population need help

Across the country, 33.7 million people require humanitarian assistance – approximately two-thirds of the population, half of them children. This year, 825,000 children are projected to suffer from severe malnutrition. Seventy percent of healthcare facilities are non-functional.

At the end of January, UNICEF screened 85,000 children in the three hardest-hit districts and identified over 5,400 cases of severe acute malnutrition. The organization is supporting 25 therapeutic feeding programs, deploying mobile clinics, and delivering supplies across the border from Chad. However, funding shortages, access issues, and ongoing fighting are seriously complicating its work.

The healthcare system is destroyed

The country's healthcare system has been devastated by nearly three years of war, noted Dr. Shible Sahbani, the World Health Organization (WHO) representative in Sudan. More than 21 million people require medical care.

Since the beginning of the conflict, the WHO has confirmed 205 attacks on health facilities, resulting in 1,924 deaths and 529 injuries. More than a third of health facilities are completely non-functional, and another third are only partially operational.

Cholera vaccination

Despite this, WHO vaccinated over 12 million people against cholera and expanded its malaria vaccination program to protect nearly 220,000 children. With WHO support, hospitals, primary care centers, and mobile clinics provided medical care to up to six million people.

Representatives of both organizations emphasized Sudan's urgent need for peace. "Time is running out to prevent significant human losses," Pires said. "The violence must end, and the world must not turn its back on the children of Sudan."

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South Sudan on the brink of new conflict, UN warns

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February 10, 2026 Peace and security

Escalating violence, political stalemate, and diminishing humanitarian aid capacity are bringing South Sudan closer to a new, full-scale conflict, a senior UN official warned Security Council members on Tuesday, speaking at a meeting on the rapidly deteriorating situation in the country.

Increased clashes

UN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix informed Council members that clashes between government forces and the opposition have intensified in recent weeks, particularly in Jonglei State. The fighting has led to mass displacement, restricted humanitarian access, and heightened fears that the widespread violence of 2013 and 2016 could recur. According to government data, more than 280,000 people have been forced to flee their homes in Jonglei alone.

The UN expressed grave concern over reports of aerial bombardment, provocative rhetoric, and the forced displacement of civilians, including in the area of the UN Mission in South Sudan's base in Akobo. Although authorities later denied any mandatory evacuation orders, the UN emphasized that such actions and statements could further escalate the situation and called on the opposing forces to exercise restraint and protect civilians.

Political tension

Political tensions persist between the main signatories to the Revitalized Peace Agreement. The UN, along with the African Union and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, reiterated that the agreement remains the only viable foundation for peace and stability and warned against unilateral attempts to change it. Specifically, they argued that proposals to postpone the drafting of a constitution until after elections could undermine the agreement and destabilize the country.

Worsening humanitarian situation

The humanitarian situation is also deteriorating. South Sudan remains one of the most dangerous countries for humanitarian workers: 350 attacks on humanitarian personnel and facilities were recorded in 2025, a significant increase from the previous year. Access restrictions, particularly in opposition-controlled areas, are complicating the response to the country's largest cholera outbreak. Since September 2024, more than 98,000 cases have been recorded, and cases are now again rising in Jonglei.

Attack on medical facilities

Recent attacks on medical facilities, the looting of humanitarian aid, and restrictions on medical evacuation for the sick further hamper the provision of life-saving assistance. The violence has forced the closure of dozens of food centers, depriving thousands of malnourished children, as well as pregnant and breastfeeding women, of assistance. Overall, more than 10 million people in the country require humanitarian assistance.

Activities of the UN Mission

The UN Mission in South Sudan continues to engage with the political leadership, conduct patrols, and facilitate humanitarian operations. However, cost-cutting measures have significantly limited its capabilities: the number of patrols and human rights monitoring missions has been reduced, despite rising instability in areas where UN bases have been closed.

Call for Consensus

Concluding the briefing, the UN representative called on South Sudanese leaders to abandon confrontation, return to inclusive dialogue, and reaffirm their commitment to the peace agreement. Without consensus and participation from all parties, he warned, any future elections will not be considered credible.

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World Pulses Day: Small Seeds That Change the World

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February 10, 2026 Climate and environment

Every year on February 10, the world celebrates World Pulses Day – a holiday that at first glance seems niche, but in fact touches on key aspects of global food security and sustainable development. Lentils, beans, chickpeas, and peas are a strategic resource with the potential to transform food systems and help the planet cope with climate change.

It's no coincidence that pulses are called "crops of the future." They're rich in protein and essential amino acids, improve soil health thanks to their ability to fix nitrogen, require significantly less water than many other crops, and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, they remain affordable for millions of families worldwide, making them a vital tool in the fight against hunger and malnutrition.

A step towards a more environmentally friendly diet

With over 700 million people worldwide facing food insecurity and climate change threatening crops, legumes are becoming part of the solution. They are drought-resistant, grow well in any soil, and allow farmers to generate a stable income even in challenging conditions. Furthermore, plant-based protein from legumes is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to livestock products, which remain one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Even a partial switch to legumes is a step toward a more environmentally friendly and responsible diet.

Culinary diplomacy

World Pulses Day is not only an element of agricultural policy but also a cultural phenomenon. Lentil dal in India, hummus in the Middle East, Brazilian feijoada, and Georgian lobio—pulses unite the cuisines of the world, demonstrating how diverse dishes can be made from simple ingredients. Through gastronomy, they become part of the cultural dialogue between countries and regions.

This day is a good opportunity to reflect on your own habits: adding chickpeas or beans to your diet means making a choice in favor of health and careful use of natural resources.

World Pulses Day reminds us that sometimes the smallest seeds have a significant global impact. Pulses are an example of how simple solutions can benefit people, the economy, and the planet.

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West Bank: New Israeli measures further undermine two-state solution prospects

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February 9, 2026 International law

UN Secretary-General António Guterres expressed grave concern on Monday over reports of the Israeli Security Cabinet's decision to authorize a series of administrative and law enforcement measures in Areas A and B of the occupied West Bank.

According to media reports, these measures will facilitate the transfer of Palestinian land to Jewish settlers, thereby expanding Israel's influence in this territory.

The UN chief warned that trends on the ground – including these measures – are undermining prospects implementation of the two-state solution.

The settlements are illegal

He reiterated that all Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, as well as the regime and infrastructure associated with them, have no legal validity and constitute a violation of international law, including UN resolutions.

“Such actions, including Israel’s continued presence in the occupied Palestinian territory, are not only destabilizing but also – as the International Court of Justice reminds us “They are illegal,” the Secretary-General’s press service said in a statement.

The Secretary-General called on Israel to reverse these measures. He also called on all parties to "preserve the only path to lasting peace—a negotiated two-State solution," in accordance with Security Council resolutions and international law.

Responding to questions during a press briefing in New York, UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric stressed that Israeli measures "move us further and further away from a two-state solution and from the ability of the Palestinian Authority and the Palestinian people to control their own destiny."

Ongoing humanitarian efforts in Gaza

Meanwhile, humanitarian agencies in the Gaza Strip continue their efforts to distribute food and other aid, despite obstacles and difficult operating conditions.

Residents of Gaza City continue to experience severe shortages of drinking and household water, despite the recent opening of a water pipeline connecting Israel to Gaza. Currently, only 6,000 cubic meters of water reach the city daily, with significant losses in hard-to-reach areas.

To mitigate this shortage, the UN and partners have increased water production and trucked water from underground wells and private desalination plants. Since the end of January, humanitarian agencies have distributed over 100,000 jerrycans of water throughout the Gaza Strip, Dujarric reported. They have also distributed over 700,000 bars of soap and over 25,000 hygiene kits to local residents.

Mine threat

Since Wednesday, humanitarian workers have conducted over 200 explosive hazard assessments as part of rubble clearing efforts. Last week, over 10,000 children and adults received information about the risks of mines and unexploded ordnance.

Since the ceasefire came into effect last October, 33 explosive device incidents have been reported in the enclave, killing nine people and injuring 65.

Restrictions on humanitarian access

The UN notes that humanitarian workers continue to face restrictions, including on the import of so-called "dual-use items" and goods classified as non-humanitarian. These include spare parts and some shelter materials.

In addition, humanitarian operations are undermined by Israel's deregistration of some international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and restrictions on the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).

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South Africa withdraws its peacekeepers from the UN mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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February 9, 2026 Peace and security

South Africa has decided to withdraw its contingent from the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). President Cyril Ramaphosa announced that he has notified UN Secretary-General António Guterres of this decision.

The decision, the South African leader emphasized, stems from the need to "consolidate and redistribute armed forces resources" after 27 years of the country's participation in peacekeeping operations in the DRC. South Africa is one of the ten largest contributors to the mission, with over 700 troops.

The Mission expressed deep gratitude to the Government and people of South Africa for their long-standing support and stressed that it would work towards a “safe, orderly and responsible” withdrawal of peacekeepers. Antonio Guterres, in turn, also thanked the country for its contribution to the mission's activities, said UN chief spokesman Stephane Dujarric.

The mission has been operating in the DRC since 2010. Its mandate includes protecting civilians and contributing to the country's stabilization. As of October 2025, more than 12,400 personnel served in MONUSCO. Since the mission's inception, 304 UN peacekeepers, including South African troops, have been killed.

UN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix is currently in the DRC. He is discussing the implementation of the Mission's mandate and supporting a permanent ceasefire. Lacroix will visit North Kivu province and then head to the African Union summit in Addis Ababa.

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The new UN High Commissioner for Refugees has promised reform, effectiveness and accountability.

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February 9, 2026 Refugees and migrants

The new head of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has called on states to move from "endless management" of the consequences of forced displacement to a genuine reduction in long-term dependence on humanitarian aid.

In his first briefing since taking office earlier this year, Barham Saleh outlined an ambitious course of reform and stressed the need for a renewed international consensus on protection, solutions and fair sharing of responsibilities.

"Humanitarian aid saves lives and must continue to be provided wherever there is need," Saleh said. "But when emergency response tools become long-term measures and entire generations become dependent, we don't create sustainability. Success should be measured by whether people are ultimately able to rebuild their lives."

According to the High Commissioner, refugee protection remains one of the fundamental principles of the existing international system. He recalled that 2026 will mark the 75th anniversary of the 1951 Refugee Convention and emphasized that States' obligations to respect it are "more important than ever."

Strategic goals

Today, there are nearly 117 million forcibly displaced people worldwide, including 42.5 million refugees. Most of them have lived in limbo for years or decades, without any real prospects. In some cases, they are safe, yet excluded from national social systems and forced to rely on humanitarian aid. According to Saleh, this state of affairs should not be considered inevitable.

The High Commissioner outlined a strategic goal: to significantly reduce the number of refugees in protracted displacement and dependent on humanitarian assistance over the next decade. To achieve this, he noted, it is necessary to promote voluntary return, local integration, and resettlement; more closely link humanitarian action with development and peacebuilding programs; expand opportunities for self-sufficiency; and strengthen the inclusion of refugees in national systems.

Problems of host countries

Saleh spoke about his first visits to displacement zones. In Kenya, he saw the benefits of policies that allow refugees to work, study, and integrate into society. In Chad, he saw the scale of the needs of people continuing to flee the conflict in Sudan and the limited resources. In Turkey and Jordan, the primary goal is to create conditions for the safe and voluntary return of Syrians to their homeland. These examples, he emphasized, demonstrate UNHCR's dual responsibility: saving lives today and preventing displacement from becoming an "endless dead end" tomorrow.

Independent verification

Saleh also announced an independent management review aimed at improving UNHCR's efficiency, accountability, and financial transparency amid shrinking resources. He promised clearer priorities, results-based indicators, and improved real-time budget monitoring.

"This isn't about lowering our ambitions," he emphasized. "We need to align our ambitions with our resources so that the people we serve don't pay a high price for our ineffectiveness."

In closing, Saleh emphasized his commitment to practical partnership with Member States: “If we stabilize the organization, consolidate protection reforms, and focus international efforts on sustainable solutions, we will be able to work more effectively – for refugees, host communities, and States.”

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UN High Commissioner: El Fasher tragedy could have been prevented

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February 9, 2026 Human rights

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk stated that the events that unfolded in the Sudanese city of El Fasher last October were a avoidable disaster. Speaking to the Human Rights Council in Geneva, he emphasized the need to hold those responsible accountable and prevent a recurrence of such crimes.

"After 18 months of siege, starvation and bombing, the Rapid Reaction Force unleashed a wave of brutal violence that killed thousands of people in a matter of days and sent tens of thousands fleeing in fear," Türk recalled.

Sexual violence and abductions

According to the High Commissioner, during a recent trip to Sudan He personally met with the victims. His staff interviewed over 140 victims and witnesses of the violence. People spoke of mass killings, extrajudicial executions, sexual violence, torture, abductions, and enforced disappearances. The UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR) received evidence of attacks targeting non-Arabs, in particular members of the Zaghawa ethnic group.

Turk said sexual violence was systematically used as a weapon of war.

“During my visit, I met with survivors who gave consistent and heartbreaking accounts of gang rapes and other forms of sexual violence against women and girls,” he stressed.

According to him, militants also kidnapped fleeing people and demanded huge ransoms. Thousands remain missing. Many were likely killed, while others are believed to be held in inhumane conditions.

Probable war crimes

Last month, the International Criminal Court (ICC) informed the UN Security Council that attacks may have been committed in El Fasher. war crimes and crimes against humanityThe OHCHR's findings, as Türk noted, coincide with this assessment.

The High Commissioner recalled that for over a year, the UN Office had been warning of the risk of mass atrocities in besieged El Fasher. He said the threat was clear, but these warnings were ignored.

Türk emphasized that responsibility for the crimes committed "lies entirely with the Rapid Reaction Force and its allies and sponsors." At the same time, the OHCHR chief added, the international community must also act more decisively.

The High Commissioner expressed deep concern about the situation in Kordofan, where drone strikes continue and civilians are being killed. In just two weeks, according to the UN Office, approximately 90 civilians have been killed and more than 140 injured. Strikes have targeted a World Food Programme convoy, as well as markets, medical facilities, and residential areas in Southern and Northern Kordofan. According to Türk, civilians are at risk of extrajudicial executions, sexual violence, arbitrary detention, and loss of loved ones.

Call to action

Hate speech is becoming a catalyst for ethnic violence, the UN's top human rights defender warned. Local leaders are using dehumanizing rhetoric against entire communities to justify atrocities, mobilize fighters, and deepen divisions.

Türk called on states to exert pressure on parties to the conflict to comply with international law, cease attacks on civilians and infrastructure, and ensure the unimpeded delivery of humanitarian aid. He also reiterated his call for the expansion of the arms embargo to all of Sudan.

The High Commissioner stressed that despite the scale of the tragedy, hope remains.

"One thing became crystal clear to me during my visit to Sudan: the spirit of the struggle for peace, justice, and freedom is still alive," he said. "The Sudanese people hold the key to sustainable peace in their country, and they will prevail."

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