Industrial production in Moscow increased by 3.9 percent over the first 10 months.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

From January to October 2025, Moscow's industrial output increased by 3.9 percent compared to the same period in 2024. Manufacturing growth was 4.5 percent, according to the Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Transport and Industry. Maxim Liksutov.

"Following Sergei Sobyanin's instructions, the city is actively promoting the development of the capital's industrial sector. Thus, over the first 10 months, industrial production grew by 3.9 percent compared to January–October 2024, while manufacturing output grew by 4.5 percent over the same period. This sustained positive trend reflects the effectiveness of comprehensive support and the attractiveness of the investment climate created for business," said Maxim Liksutov.

Moscow boasts over 20 manufacturing industries, ranging from food processing and construction materials to pharmaceuticals and electronics, including microelectronics and photonics.

"The positive trend is due to increased production in a number of individual segments. For example, over the first 10 months of this year, cable production in the capital increased by more than 1.5 times. Similar trends were also observed in the mass-market goods sector—for example, the sporting goods industry grew by almost 1.6 times compared to January–October 2024," noted the Moscow Government Minister and Head of the Moscow Department of Investment and Industrial Policy.

Anatoly Garbuzov.

Moscow is Russia's largest industrial and scientific-engineering center. Around 150 high-tech enterprises open in the city annually. Currently, the capital is home to nearly 4,600 industrial companies, employing approximately 755,000 people.

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Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Chinese Express: How to Win a Scholarship to Study in China

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Official website of the State –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

We invite you to participate in the competitive selection for the scholarship program of the Government of the People's Republic of China "Chinese Government Scholarship" (Type "A") for study, internship, advanced training and research work at Chinese universities in the 2026-2027 academic year.

The program includes a monthly stipend for the entire course, covering tuition fees, dormitory accommodation, and health insurance.

Citizens of the Russian Federation are eligible to participate in the competitive selection if they are studying full-time in higher education programs that have state accreditation, programs for training scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel in postgraduate studies, as well as scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff or employees from among the administrative and managerial personnel of Russian universities and scientific organizations.

All interested parties should contact the International Cooperation Department of the State University of Management (A-127) before December 22, 2025.

Applicants submit two sets of documents: to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia and the China Scholarship Council (a subordinate agency of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China).

Chinese applicants' documents are uploaded to the Chinese government scholarship system. Russian applicants' packages are compiled by the Interobrazovanie Center for Education Development and International Activities (mobility@ined.ru). Personal data processing consent forms, letters with a list of recommended candidates, and biographical information are available on the Interobrazovanie website under "Academic Mobility" – "Programs" (China).

Documents will be accepted by the parties until 15:00 Moscow time on January 9, 2026.

It should be noted that the legal basis for the program was the agreement between the Russian Ministry of Education and Science and the Chinese Ministry of Education in the field of education dated November 9, 2006: according to this agreement, Russian citizens recommended after reviewing all applications may receive a Chinese government scholarship.

Subscribe to the "Our GUU" Telegram channel. Publication date: December 2, 2025.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Sergei Sobyanin: Applications are now being accepted for the Architecture Prize.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The Moscow City Prize in Architecture and Urban Development is now accepting applications. Sergei Sobyanin announced this on his channel. messenger MAX.

"We've been awarding it since 2018 for the development of the most expressive and original architectural solutions. We'll select 12 winners in various categories, from the best residential complexes under the renovation program to unique infrastructure solutions," the Moscow Mayor announced.

Source: Sergei Sobyanin's channel inMAX messenger

Any project that received a certificate of approval for its architectural and urban planning solution in 2025 is eligible to become a laureate. The jury will evaluate the originality of the concept, the quality and sophistication of the solutions, as well as their integration into the urban context and their contribution to improving the comfort of the urban environment.

Applications for participation will be accepted until February 15, 2026.official website The awards ceremony will coincide with Architect's Day, celebrated on the first Monday in July.

To the finals competition 2024 50 projects out of 130 were selected. The best included new campus Bauman Moscow State Technical University, a school on Dmitrovskoe Shosse, a building built under the renovation program on Govorov Street, as well as the Aviamotornaya station of the Big Circle Line andGeneral Tyulenev Troitskaya metro line.

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Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Hungarikum Scholarship: A Chance to Study in Hungary

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Official website of the State –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

We invite you to participate in the competitive selection for the Hungarian Government scholarship program "Stipendium Hungarikum" for study and advanced training at Hungarian universities in the 2026-2027 academic year.

The program includes a monthly stipend for the entire course, covering tuition fees, dormitory accommodation, and health insurance.

Citizens of the Russian Federation are eligible to participate in the competitive selection if they are full-time students in state-accredited higher education programs, postgraduate programs for training scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel, as well as scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff or employees from among the administrative and managerial personnel of Russian universities and scientific organizations.

All interested parties should contact the International Cooperation Department of the State University of Management (A-127) before December 22, 2025.

Candidates submit two sets of documents: to the Russian Ministry of Education and Science and to the Hungarian Tempus Public Foundation.

Documents for the Hungarian side must be uploaded to the DreamApply online application system. The Russian side's application package is compiled by the Interobrazovanie Center for Education Development and International Activities (mobility@ined.ru). Personal data processing consent forms, letters with a list of recommended candidates, and curriculum vitae are available on the Interobrazovanie website in the "Academic Mobility" section, then "Programs" (Hungary).

Documents will be accepted by the parties until 16:00 on January 15, 2026.

Subscribe to the "Our GUU" Telegram channel. Publication date: December 2, 2025.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

RUDN University was included in the first RAEX university ranking in the field of sustainable development!

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Peoples'Friendship University of Russia

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The first RAEX university ranking in sustainable development has been published. Seven Russian universities are included. RUDN University is among the top seven, and our university was awarded the AA rating, demonstrating a very high level of sustainability performance.

In compiling the ranking, the RAEX agency assessed the quality of education, scientific research, the compliance of university practices with ESG standards, and their work in popularizing knowledge.

The results of the first ranking were presented at a press conference at TASS. According to Elena Apasova, Vice Rector for Strategic Communications, in terms of environmental performance and care, RUDN University has reduced its dormitory electricity consumption by 18.3% over six years. 250 waste collection points have been installed on campus, and over the past few years, students and staff have collected 160 tons of waste paper for recycling.

The university also cares about the living conditions and health of its students and staff. This year, a family floor was opened in the first dormitory block. The student family rooms are equipped with all necessary furniture, including washing machines in the bathrooms.

"RUDN University also has a program called 'Healthy Student, Healthy Employee,' which offers free health screenings with specialists in men's and women's health. Starting this year, they can also take a free course of 10 consultations with a psychologist. Furthermore, university employees have the opportunity to receive an interest-free loan of 350,000 to 750,000 rubles for one to two years," says Elena Apasova.

And, of course, RUDN University has a high rate of scientific publications. Over the past year, the university has produced approximately 2,000 scientific papers on all 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The largest number of papers are devoted to the SDGs "Good Health and Well-Being," "Zero Hunger," and "Clean Water and Sanitation."

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Learning from the best: GUU attended an industry internship in the Chinese auto industry.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Official website of the State –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

From November 24 to 29, 2025, an international industry internship, organized by the Dynamics of Mobility Educational and Methodological Center, took place in Beijing. The event was attended by a Russian delegation, including representatives of the Russian State Research Center NAMI, as well as students, faculty, and researchers from more than ten leading Russian universities training personnel for the domestic automotive industry. Vladimir Filatov, Director of the Engineering Project Management Center, represented the State University of Management at the internship.

From the office to the climate chamber

The program included visits to key players in the Chinese automotive industry. Delegates learned about the operations of the engineering company IAT, visiting its headquarters and innovation labs, including VR zones and climate chambers, and discussing vehicle design processes. Participants also visited the Beifang Group's education center, where they learned about modern engineering training methods and equipment, and the BAIC plant, which specializes in SUV production.

The internship provided Russian specialists and students with the opportunity to gain first-hand experience with advanced technologies, production, and educational practices in the Chinese automotive industry, as well as establish professional contacts for future collaboration. The event made a significant contribution to the development of scientific, technical, and educational partnerships between Russia and China in the automotive sector.

From license to leadership

Over the past ten years, the Chinese automotive industry has made a leap from licensed production to world-class, in-house development. This reflects a global trend: technological leadership is gradually shifting toward China. The largest Chinese automakers long ago stopped copying Western designs. Today, they are developing their own architectures, platforms, and designs, demonstrating particularly strong leadership in the electric and hybrid vehicle segments, which account for nearly 60% of global sales.

The success of the Chinese auto industry is built on four powerful pillars: government and corporate support, the development of domestic battery production (CATL, CALB), flexible and locally integrated supply chains, and a rapid pace of model lineup innovation—new generations of cars appear every two to three years. Recently, our president, in an interview with Nomad TV, praised the Chinese auto industry: "Products have begun to appear in the People's Republic of China that are more competitive than European ones. The latest example is electric cars. Well, the Chinese make them better and cheaper than the Europeans. The European auto industry is simply crumbling," Vladimir Putin said. And we at the State University of Management are always ready to adopt and improve on the best global practices.

Subscribe to the "Our GUU" Telegram channel. Publication date: December 2, 2025.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

A building will be built on Samarkand Boulevard under the renovation program.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

A building will be built in the Vykhino-Zhulebino district under the renovation program. The Moscow State Construction Supervision Committee (Mosgosstroynadzor) has issued the corresponding permit. The new building will be located at Samarkandsky Boulevard, plot No. 15/4. This was announced by the agency's chairman. Anton Slobodchikov.

"The committee has issued the permits, and now the developer can begin work on the site. The building will consist of two sections with varying heights. The apartments in the new building will have a floor area of almost 20,900 square meters. The ground floor will be non-residential, with potential for public and commercial spaces. Parking will be provided underground," said Anton Slobodchikov.

In accordance with the renovation program standards, the apartments will be fully finished and equipped with all necessary fixtures, including plumbing and lighting fixtures.

Each section will feature walk-through entrances with stained-glass windows. These will house concierge rooms and stroller storage areas. A total of eight elevators with a lifting capacity of 400 kilograms and 1,000 kilograms will be installed. The building's facades will be installed using a suspended system and clad in concrete tiles and fiberglass panels.

Two playgrounds and a sports field will be built near the building, along with rest areas with benches. The courtyards will feature sidewalks, concrete paving in front of the entrances, and surface parking.

"The facades of the two sections are finished in a warm palette of shades—copper brown, light ochre, golden beige, and other colors—that create a gradient pattern on the walls. This approach to the design of the new residential complex will create a memorable, unique look," explained the Chief Architect of Moscow and First Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Architecture and Urban Development (Moskomarkhitektura).

Sergey Kuznetsov.

At the direction of Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, the capital is paying special attention to residential properties under the renovation program.

Inspectors from the capital's city government will oversee the construction of the building on Samarkand Boulevard throughout all stages. State Construction Supervision CommitteeAnton Slobodchikov emphasized. The inspection schedule will be drawn up after the developer submits a notice to commence work. Specialists from the subordinate Center for Expertise, Research, and Testing in Construction will be involved in the on-site inspections to conduct a comprehensive set of laboratory and instrumental tests of building materials and structures to ensure compliance with design documentation.

The renovation program was approved in August 2017. It affects approximately one million Muscovites and provides for the resettlement of 5,176 buildings. Sergei Sobyanin ordered the pace of implementation of the renovation program to be accelerated.twice.

Moscow is one of the region's leaders in terms of construction volume. Its high rate of housing construction is in line with the goals and initiatives of the national project. Infrastructure for LifeMore information about Russia's national projects and the capital's contribution can be found atspecial page.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX AndTelegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

An ice rink, a tubing slide, and the "House of Father Frost" will open at the Moskino Cinema Park.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

On December 6th and 7th, two new activities for children and their parents—a tubing slide and "Santa Claus's House"—will open at the Moskino Cinema Park. And on December 14th, a skating rink covering over three thousand square meters will be officially opened at Sobornaya Square. Guests will see performances by two-time world champion Irina Slutskaya and other professional figure skaters, and will also have the opportunity to get autographs.

"Visitors to the cinema park will be able to skate surrounded by film sets depicting the cathedrals and chambers of the Moscow Kremlin. And in the very center of the rink, two New Year's trees, 9.5 and 12 meters tall, will be installed. They will be decorated with video screens, decorations, and strings of lights," said the Moscow Government Minister and Head of the Moscow Department of Culture.

Alexey Fursin.

The skating rink is open from 11:30 AM to 9:30 PM until March 1st. Skates are available for rent (for a fee). After skating, guests can enjoy warming winter drinks and treats at the outdoor food court. Additionally, from December 31st, 2025 to January 12th, 2026, the skating rink will host screenings of Soviet New Year's films and figure skating workshops. A permit is required to attend. entrance ticket to the cinema park.

Additionally, a tubing slide with four runs will be open throughout the winter in the film park's central square: two 115-meter long and two 75-meter long. Access is via a travelator with a 75-meter ramp. The slide is open until March 1st, and admission is free.

A special event for guests will be the opening of the "House of Father Frost" venue, where the films "Home Alone 3" and "Wanted Father Frost" were filmed. Children and their parents will be able to take part in the immersive theatrical performance "Visiting Father Frost," meet the winter wizard, and wrap presents with his helpers—the elves.

Guests will be able to explore several rooms decorated in New Year's style: a living room with velvet sofas, shelves filled with gifts, mail, and a crystal chandelier, as well as a study and more. Events will be held every weekend from 12:00 PM to 5:20 PM, every hour. Performances last 20 minutes. Admission is with a ticket to the cinema park.

Cinema park "Moskino"— part of Sergei Sobyanin’s “Moscow — City of Cinema” project and an object of the Moscow film cluster, which is being developed by the capital Department of CultureThe second stage of development has already been completed: 34 naturalistic sites, six pavilions, and six infrastructure facilities have been built, including the sets "Brest Fortress," "Provincial Towns of Europe," "Yuzovka," "Shakhty," "European City," "Modern Moscow," "Reichstag," "Russian Medieval City," "Cities of Eastern Europe," and others.

The Moscow Film Cluster comprises infrastructure facilities, services, and facilities for filmmakers, developed by the Moscow Government as part of the "Moscow – City of Cinema" project. Its structure includes the Moskino Cinema Park, the Gorky Film Studio (with locations on Sergei Eisenstein Street and Valdaisky Proyezd), the Moskino Film Factory, the Moskino cinema chain, the Moskino Film Commission, and the Moskino Film Platform.

Winter in Moscow— the main event of the season. The project aims to strengthen social and family ties, foster mutual support, and create an atmosphere of unity, comfort, and festive spirit. Through a variety of programs, including cultural, educational, and sporting events, it brings together Muscovites and visitors of all ages and interests, creating conditions for creative development, active recreation, and warm social interaction during the cold season.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX And Telegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

More than 30 master classes will be held at the art pavilion on Bolotnaya Square.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

More than 30 practical workshops will be held at the Gift Factory art pavilion on Bolotnaya Square.

The "Made in Moscow" project's themed spaces opened on December 1st. Among them are the "Train," "Skates," "Red Ball," "Air Ball," "Mandarin," "Samovar," "Refrigerator," "Candy Box," and two "Gift Factories."

Cocoa, sweets and jewelry

On Wednesday, December 3, guests can expect culinary and artistic experiments. From 6:00 PM to 7:00 PM, the Smakuy brand will teach how to make a warming winter drink at a master class. New Year's Cocoa: Preparation OptionsParticipants will learn about drink recipes using cocoa powder and chocolate and will also taste them. From 7:00 PM to 8:00 PM, the Ostorozhno Fragile gallery will hold a master class on painting a tote bag.linocut technique.

On Thursday, December 4, visitors will be invited to learn more about technology and sweets. From 6:00 PM to 7:00 PM, attend the master class. EDC gadgets Representatives of the Magssory brand will tell you how to unlock the potential of your smartphone and turn it into an effective gadget. From 7:00 PM to 8:00 PM, the Tsar's Gingerbread company will hold a workshop ongingerbread painting.

Friday evening, December 5th, will be dedicated to fashion and creativity. From 6:00 PM to 7:00 PM, children aged six and up are invited to a workshop ondecorating gingerbreadFrom 7:30 PM to 8:30 PM, specialists from the Crystal Twig jewelry brand will reveal the secrets of their professional craftsmanship. Guests will be able to experience create a brooch.

Pine wreaths and teddy bears

A rich program awaits visitors to the art pavilion this weekend.

On Saturday, December 6th, at 10:00 a.m. a master class will begin ondecorating a New Year's hatThen you can immerse yourself in the world of nature during the lesson. "Pine Cone Decor", learn the basics fabric painting, and also paint a wooden figurine to decorate the Christmas tree and complement itNew Year's card.

A charity master class will take place at 4:00 PM. Toys and beds for animalsAll items created by the guests will be donated to shelters. The program will conclude with a Christmas tree weaving class. wreaths of pine needles, creation fashionable body kit on the bag andmaking aroma sachets.

On Sunday, December 7, anyone can decorate a hat. festive decor or take up painting Christmas tree decoration.

During the day, visitors will also be treated to a master class. "Pine Cone Decor" and a charity lesson on creating toys for petsFrom 13:00, those interested will be taught how to make helium candles with decor of berries and twigs.

At 3:00 pm it will be time for sewing teddy bearsIn the evening, visitors will be offered to make eco-friendly Christmas tree decorations from dried flowers and citrus fruits. The program will conclude with a lesson onmaking a brooch.

Additionally, the Gift Factory market, featuring products from participants in the Made in Moscow project, is open to visitors at any time. There, you can find everything for the perfect holiday—from stylish clothing and designer Christmas tree decorations to high-quality cosmetics.

Gift Factory: What products can you find at the Made in Moscow winter art pavilions?Winter in Moscow: How a city project helped businesses attract thousands of customers last year

"Made in Moscow" is a project promoting local brands. Today, it has over 7,500 members, and the website features over 36,000 products made in the capital. Entrepreneurs have access to a variety of free promotional tools provided by the city: product placement on the portal and in branded stores, mentions in the media and social media, outdoor advertising, participation in the city's largest markets, fairs, and exhibitions, online advertising, and much more. You can become part of the entrepreneurial community, take advantage of support programs, and showcase your products in unique art pavilions on the capital's main streets on the website. business.madeinmoscow.rfMore news about the capital's business can be found on the project's official pages.social networks.

Winter in Moscow— the main event of the season and one of the key drivers of the city's economy. The project unites the efforts of the city and businesses, creating new opportunities for the development of tourism, trade, services, and creative industries. The project was created specifically for the convenience of businesses and effective integration with seasonal events. "Time of Business Opportunities", where you can choose the appropriate format for participation throughout the year. "Winter in Moscow" is an example of successful collaboration between the city and entrepreneurs, making the winter season not only vibrant and festive, but also economically significant for the capital.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX And Telegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Four commuter routes to Khimki will begin operating on December 6.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Government – Moscow Government –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Moscow public transportation will begin operating on four routes in the Khimki urban district on December 6. A total of 12 routes from Moscow to the surrounding suburbs are planned to open this month.

"Following Sergei Sobyanin's instructions, we are developing the Moscow suburban transport network. On December 6, we will launch the first four routes to Khimki this month. Modern Russian-made buses will depart from the Planernaya and Belomorskaya metro stations. These buses are equipped with everything necessary for comfortable and safe travel. By the end of 2025, we will launch 25 routes between the capital and the Moscow region," noted the Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Transport and Industry.

Maxim Liksutov.

New routes

Buses #1154, 1532, and 1981 will begin operating on these new routes. Fares will be fixed, and you'll only need to swipe your card when boarding.

For example, a Troika card ride on buses #1532 and #1981 will cost 72 rubles, while a ride on bus #1154 will cost 75 rubles. When paying by credit card, the fare will be 73 and 76 rubles, respectively.

Moscow bus #1480 will replace the Moscow Region bus #484s. You'll need to swipe your card twice—on entry and exit—and the fare depends on the distance. Travel with the Troika card will cost between 63 and 81 rubles, while a bank card will cost between 64 and 82 rubles.

In addition, the following will be available on all routes:

— travel using unlimited “Unified” passes for the “Suburban” zone for 30, 90 or 365 days;

— unlimited “Unified” season tickets for the “Suburban” zone for 30 and 90 days using the Muscovite card for students;

— free travel with the Muscovite card and the Moscow region resident card for privileged categories of citizens, similar to Moscow city routes;

— free travel on all connecting routes of the capital (between Moscow and the Moscow region) for privileged categories of citizens of the Moscow region, persons under 60 years of age with the right to free travel on regional routes.

Discounts for transfers to the metro and other routes are not available. The Strelka card will not work.

You can purchase and top up your Troika card at Moscow Metro ticket offices and ticket vending machines. This can also be done online via the Moscow Metro or Moscow Transport mobile app. Remote top-ups must be activated at any validator on board the bus.

By the capital's standards

By 2025, 25 existing commuter routes operating in the northwest and west are planned to be integrated into the Moscow transport system. This was made possible thanks to an agreement between the governments of Moscow and the Moscow region.

The schedule will be convenient and the intervals predictable. The buses will feature climate control, USB ports for charging devices, and media panels. Low-floor vehicles are suitable for transporting passengers in wheelchairs, bicycles, and strollers. Professional drivers will operate the vehicles.

Overall, at least 30 percent of existing suburban routes are planned to be integrated into the Moscow transport system by 2028. In addition to improving travel comfort, the new interconnected interregional routes will provide an additional impetus for the development of transport infrastructure in the Moscow region, including the installation of modern bus shelters, dedicated lanes, the creation of new and the reconstruction of existing transport hubs, and the combination of various modes of public transport for daily travel from the Moscow region to Moscow and back.

In accordance with the objectives of the national project Infrastructure for Life Moscow is focusing on modernizing its social and public infrastructure, including increasing the number of convenient public transportation routes and upgrading its rolling stock. More information about Russia's national projects and the capital's contribution can be found atspecial page.

Get the latest news quickly on official Moscow messaging channels. MAX And Telegram.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.