Category: Университетская жизнь /

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The first training course in Russia for "qualified customers and contractors" was held at the Polytechnic University.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University –

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Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU) has completed a unique continuing education program, "Qualified Customer – Qualified Contractor: Digital Modeling in Industry." The program was developed by experts from SPbPU and the Institute of Problems of Regional Economy (IPRE RAS) with the support of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science and the Priority 2030 program. The program was led by Yuri Fomin, SPbPU Vice-Rector for Research.

The program's primary objective is to improve skills in developing technical specifications for digital modeling projects in industry and to train qualified university specialists. Particular attention was paid to the application of artificial intelligence in digital modeling processes.

The opening ceremony was attended by Deputy Minister of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation Denis Sekirinsky, Vice President of the Russian Academy of Sciences Stepan Kalmykov, First Vice-Rector of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Vitaly Sergeev, Director of the Institute of Regional Economic Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences Alexey Shmatko, and others.

At the President's direction, we are implementing a major program to develop a talent pool for management in science, technology, and higher education. The fourth cohort has already launched. The program proposed by Polytechnic University should be a key operational and substantive element of the extensive personnel work we are undertaking at the President's direction as part of the Decade of Science and Technology, Denis Sekirinsky, Deputy Minister of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, told the program participants.

The speaker hoped that the audience would not only gain relevant knowledge and make useful connections, but also hoped that the training would provide impetus for the development of new projects for the benefit of Russian industry. The program is aimed at training key specialists—"qualified customers"—who are able to competently formulate technical specifications for the most complex research and development projects. Without these skills, Russia will not achieve technological leadership.

The very concept of a "qualified customer" was enshrined in the federal law "On Technology Policy in the Russian Federation" in 2024. However, St. Petersburg Polytechnic University has been building its interactions with high-tech companies through the format of qualified partnerships for a long time. Moreover, we not only adapted to the new norm, but also developed and successfully defended our own proven model of such partnerships at a strategic session before the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the development of our course is, on the one hand, timely, as it ultimately allows both customers and contractors to operate under the same concepts and speak the same language. On the other hand, it is a significant step in formalizing the very concept of a "qualified customer" and a direct consequence of our previous work, commented Yuri Fomin, Vice-Rector for Research at SPbPU, on the relevance of the course.

A total of 68 applications were submitted for participation in the program, of which 30 were selected—representatives of academia (including representatives of the Ministry of Education and Science's personnel reserve), high-tech and knowledge-intensive businesses (for example, Gazprom Neft, Power Machines, and JSC UEC-Klimov), and the Ministry of Education and Science's personnel reserve.

A qualified client isn't just about science and development. We believe that any technology implementation should be accompanied by qualified training. Formulating a comprehensive request that integrates all aspects is the goal of developing technical specifications for students, added Dmitry Tikhonov, Vice Rector for Continuing and Pre-University Education at SPbPU.

Over the course of four days, participants attended lectures on computer modeling of materials and industrial AI. In particular, Alexander Sitov, Chairman of the St. Petersburg Committee for Industrial Policy, Innovation, and Trade, delivered a lecture on the role of the state in forming strategic partnerships between qualified customers and scientific organizations. Alexey Borovkov, Director of the SPbPU Advanced Engineering School and Chief Designer of the key scientific and technological area of "System Digital Engineering," spoke about the role of qualified customers and contractors in implementing advanced digital technologies at enterprises, presenting the experience of the SPbPU Advanced Engineering School.

The course's students also participated in discussions on the role of the state and grant funding mechanisms. They engaged in practical work in teams supervised by leading scientists, including experts from Skoltech and the Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia.

Additionally, program participants visited Geoscan's high-tech UAS production facility. As a result, program graduates acquired key competencies in developing technical specifications for complex research and development projects, deepened their knowledge of computer modeling and industrial artificial intelligence, and explored grant funding mechanisms. Through practical teamwork under the guidance of leading scientists and visits to high-tech production facilities, they learned how to build effective industrial and educational partnerships to achieve technological sovereignty in accordance with the requirements of the "qualified partnership" concept.

Participating in the program was a truly meaningful and practical experience for me. It provided a clear understanding of how clients can effectively work with contractors, and how contractors can accurately interpret the client's needs and offer well-founded solutions. The combination of analytical sessions and practical case studies was complemented by teamwork on preparing technical specifications for research and development, which allowed me to go through the entire process—from problem formulation to structuring requirements and coordinating the parties' positions. Understanding the university's role as a platform for experts, project teams, and industrial partners to meet was particularly important. I am grateful to the organizers for the high-quality content and practical focus of the training," said Leyla Gamidullaeva, Head of the Management and Public Administration Department at the Institute of Economics and Management at PSU.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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NSU scientists are creating a system for modeling the search for and determining the properties of new materials.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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Specialists at the National Technology Initiative (NTI) Competence Center for "Modeling and Development of New Functional Materials with Predetermined Properties" at Novosibirsk State University have received a registration certificate for a computer program—a prototype software suite capable of integrating multi-scale atomistic modeling methods into a single platform. Its use will allow scientists to more quickly and accurately predict the properties of new materials. The development was carried out as part of a project funded by the National Technology Initiative Foundation.

"Modern computing technologies are advancing rapidly, and numerical modeling methods are advancing alongside them. Atomistic modeling methods, from quantum and classical molecular dynamics to Monte Carlo simulations, occupy a special place among them," said Vladimir Andryushchenko, PhD, a research fellow at the NTI Competence Center at NSU.

The above approaches, according to the scientist, are attractive because they are based on fundamental physical laws—classical and quantum mechanics. In practice, they allow for highly accurate calculations of processes occurring in matter at the atomic level, as well as predictions of certain macroscopic properties of the material. However, to date, each of these modeling approaches is implemented in separate, specialized programs, which require highly skilled and time-consuming work.

"A researcher has to work with a whole 'zoo' of programs, each with its own syntax and data format. As a result, a significant portion of time is spent on routine calculations and transferring information between programs. We set ourselves the goal of combining various approaches in a single system that would minimize errors and facilitate the work of a materials scientist or chemist," explained Vladimir Andryushchenko.

The software package being developed should not only integrate existing methods but also include elements of intelligent support. A recommendation module is being developed to help the user select optimal algorithms and calculation parameters.

"The user specifies the material properties to be determined and the required calculation accuracy, and the program, based on the embedded algorithms, suggests which methods to use. For example, whether molecular dynamics calculations with a classical potential are sufficient or whether the potential should be generated using machine learning methods. This approach significantly simplifies the modeling process and improves the quality of the results," the scientist noted.

The NSU NTI Competence Center team is currently finalizing the technical specifications and expanding its functionality. The prototype software package already enables calculations of gas and liquid interactions with various surfaces, as well as the study of the properties of carbon nanotubes and certain high-entropy alloys.

"We expect to release a full-fledged version of the program, which will enable us to solve a wide range of problems in materials science, within the next two years. Engineers, chemists, and researchers will be able to use it as early as 2026," added Vladimir Andryushchenko.

According to the developers, the project arose from the practical needs of the researchers themselves. The NSU team initially focused on modeling the properties of alloys and carbon materials, and during the process, they realized the need to create a tool that would automate some of the computational procedures and simplify data analysis.

The new software suite has the potential to become a universal tool for a wide range of industries—from energy and microelectronics to medicine and aerospace. The ability to predict the properties of materials before they are synthesized significantly reduces development time and costs, and also mitigates the risk of experimental failure. Such approaches are already being widely used in the creation of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloys and carbon composites.

"We're focusing on the practical challenges researchers face. This software suite is being developed to make their lives truly easier," Vladimir Andryushchenko emphasized. "The more types of materials and calculation scenarios it can cover, the greater its value for science and industry."

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Sergey Golovin, Director of the NSU Advanced Engineering School: "We have a whole range of formats for successful collaboration with large businesses."

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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A strategic session, "Tools for Creating Technology Development Plans in the Oil and Gas Industry," was held as part of the "Golden Valley 2025" scientific and industrial forum organized by Novosibirsk State University and supported by Gazprom Neft. Sergey Golovin, Director of the NSU Advanced Engineering School, moderated the session and commented on the event's results.

"The session was dedicated to discussing tools that allow you to understand the challenges facing large oil and gas companies, delve into these challenges, find applications for your ideas within this framework, or identify challenges you'd like to solve yourself. Then, test your solutions in collaboration with company specialists, create your own startup, secure grant or venture funding, and, ultimately, bring your product or solution to market," said Sergey Golovin.

He estimates that NSU currently has a full range of tools to complete each of these stages. These include the "Challenge Showcase" platform, launched by Gazprom Neft, which allows external developers to closely and productively collaborate with the company to assess its challenges and develop their own solutions.

Next, the opportunities offered by Industrix—a technology accelerator program launched by Gazprom Neft to identify, develop, and implement new solutions in the oil and gas industry—come into play. It allows for initial ideas to be tested and refined, including through pilot testing at the company's facilities, and, crucially, to confirm market demand for the proposed developments and potential investment.

The NSU Startup Studio, which recently emerged within the university's infrastructure, offers effective formats for launching new projects, helping to attract venture capital investment. And, of course, traditional mechanisms such as various types of grant funding remain.

"As a result, we're getting a comprehensive package of project support at all stages. And now the only thing needed is simply our active involvement in generating ideas, creating businesses, teams, and so on. We discussed this in more detail during the session, in dialogue with representatives of our industrial partners. Students were also present, and it was clear they were interested in this work and saw how these opportunities could be exploited. It's a shame there weren't as many students, but I think we need to more actively promote such events among them, because this is a huge window of opportunity for young professionals, launching their careers, and we must definitely take full advantage of it," concluded Sergey Golovin.

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Marat Khusnullin: The Volgograd Circus building was put into operation after reconstruction.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

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Reconstruction of the state circus building in Volgograd has been completed.

The reconstruction of the Volgograd State Circus building has been completed and opened for use. The work included renovating the auditorium, creating comfortable conditions for the animals, furnishing public areas, and installing modern equipment. Deputy Prime Minister Marat Khusnullin announced this.

"The renovation of circuses is part of an important effort to create comfortable recreational conditions in Russian cities. The Volgograd Circus, built in 1967, was in need of renovation. The renovation work was carried out by the company "Unified Customer in Construction." Thus, the circus premises received a new interior design, the auditorium was equipped with modern lighting and technological equipment, and the building's floor area increased to 10,000 square meters after the modernization. The renovated facility has now received permission to reopen," said Marat Khusnullin.

Following the modernization, the circus was transformed from a simple recreational venue into a modern cultural center. It is now a multifunctional public space offering circus performances and various events for residents and visitors of the hero city of Volgograd of all ages, including those with disabilities.

"The opening of the renovated Volgograd Circus is not only a new chapter in the history of a significant cultural institution in the region, but also a significant event for all fans of the Russian circus and members of the professional community. It is an investment in the development of the creative potential of our children and young people and in preserving the rich cultural heritage of the Russian circus as a whole. I am confident that the renovated Volgograd Circus will become a magnet for fans of this amazing art form and a platform for the realization of the most daring creative ideas and projects," noted Minister of Culture Olga Lyubimova.

The animal housing space has also been expanded, creating modern, safe, and comfortable conditions for them. To this end, a 3,000-square-meter extension was added to the central part of the building. The stable space has been expanded, and a new elephant house has been built.

"Before the renovation, the circus building had wooden seats, but the new seating areas are equipped with eco-leather seats. All utility systems, flooring, and wall coverings in the auditorium were also completely replaced, and the aisles were widened to meet regulations. Furthermore, new sound and lighting equipment was installed, which will allow for even more vibrant performances and expand the creative possibilities for directors," said Karen Oganesyan, General Director of the Unified Customer Production Company.

The renovated building features a spacious foyer, a themed interior, a circus-themed buffet, and a new cloakroom. Security was also a key focus during the circus's renovation. The building's entrances are now equipped with security screening systems, carry-on baggage scanners, and six turnstiles with facial recognition.

"After a comprehensive renovation, the Volgograd Circus has become a modern, safe, and functional space that meets audience expectations. The scale of the renovation allowed us to preserve the building's architectural appearance and create conditions for new creative projects. This is a strategically significant step for Rosgoscirk: the renovation of our branches is proceeding according to plan, and each renovated circus contributes to the strengthening of the industry," noted Sergei Belyakov, General Director of the Federal State Enterprise Rosgoscirk.

A full-scale reconstruction of the Volgograd Circus building, designed by Honored Architect of the Russian Federation E.V. Dynkin, has not been carried out for more than 50 years, since its opening in 1967.

The Unified Customer Production Company is also currently implementing reconstruction projects at other Rosgoscirk branches in Voronezh, Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, and Tver.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Dmitry Patrushev and Dmitry Artyukhov, Governor of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, discussed agricultural and environmental issues in the region.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

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Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Patrushev held a working meeting with Dmitry Artyukhov, Governor of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The main topics of discussion were the development of the agro-industrial complex and environmental issues in the region.

Dmitry Patrushev noted that this year, beef production volumes have increased in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Dmitry Artyukhov, in turn, announced that two new meat and fish processing facilities will be launched in Yamal by the end of the year. According to him, venison harvesting volumes have doubled in five years, while processing volumes have increased 2.5-fold over the past three years. The region's enterprises produce over 220 reindeer meat products and over 180 fish products. Sales are also expanding: products are sold not only within the Okrug but also through national chains and marketplaces.

The meeting also discussed issues of nature management and environmental protection. As part of the national "Ecological Well-Being" project, forest management and reforestation activities are being implemented in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Dmitry Artyukhov reported that, starting this year, a comprehensive, scientifically based approach to landscaping in populated areas has been implemented. Detailed plans for tree care, additional requirements for contractors, and warranty obligations for imported trees have been developed. This has a beneficial effect on the adaptation of seedlings.

Furthermore, as part of the "Environmental Well-Being" national project, waste processing, recycling, and disposal facilities will be created in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and water bodies will be cleaned.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Marat Khusnullin: The final positive conclusion has been received for the third stage of construction of the Adler bypass.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

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The government continues its consistent efforts to comprehensively develop the country's infrastructure. To this end, large-scale projects are being implemented, including the construction of city bypasses.

A bypass road around Adler will be built in the Krasnodar Krai. The new road will reduce travel time to Sochi Airport and Krasnaya Polyana and will also divert transit traffic from the resort area, creating comfortable conditions for local residents and tourists. The final approval for the third phase of the Adler bypass, which includes the construction of a tunnel complex, has been received, according to Deputy Prime Minister Marat Khusnullin.

"The country's infrastructure development is inextricably linked to the modernization of the entire road network. Therefore, we are actively building new highways and upgrading existing ones. Specifically, in the Krasnodar Krai, we are continuing to build the Adler bypass. This is an ambitious project that requires unique engineering and technological solutions. We have now received a positive assessment from the Main State Expertise Authority of Russia for the third and final of its five construction phases. This is the most complex and labor-intensive phase, as it involves constructing a tunnel complex within rock at a depth of up to 250 meters. It will include two parallel road tunnels with a series of structures, a 916-meter-long overpass from the bridge crossings over the Kudepsta River to the western portal, and a 1,412-meter-long complex of retaining and landslide protection structures. Upon completion of all construction phases and commissioning, the Adler tunnels will be the longest road tunnels in Russia," said Marat Khusnullin.

The Deputy Prime Minister clarified that the tunnels' construction length, according to the approved design, is 5,878 meters for the forward section from the Kudepsta microdistrict toward Krasnaya Polyana and 5,894 meters for the return section. The tunnel's internal diameter will be 10.9 meters.

Particular attention has been paid to safe operation. Eleven evacuation connections are provided between the tunnels, allowing for underground movement if necessary. Furthermore, a 98-meter-deep ventilation shaft will be built as part of the tunnel complex. The total length of the Adler bypass, excluding interchanges, will be 8.1 km.

According to Vyacheslav Petushenko, Chairman of the Board of the state-owned company Avtodor, preparations are currently underway at the production site in the village of Vysokoye for the installation of tunnel boring machines.

"They will be used to bore tunnels. For this purpose, we previously reconstructed the overpass near Ivanovskaya Street, widening it to two lanes. The space underneath will be used to assemble the extended structures of the tunnel boring machines. Furthermore, in 2024 and 2025, we tested the piles used in the retaining walls of the tunnels' eastern portal and relocated utility lines. It's important to note that when designing the third phase of the Adler bypass, we considered numerous routing options. Ultimately, we utilized the best practices accumulated in the design of similar structures both in Russia, including during the Olympic construction in Sochi, and internationally. Many of the future facility's technological characteristics will be record-breaking and will be implemented for the first time," said Vyacheslav Petushenko.

When designing this stage, many aspects were taken into account – from the anthropogenic load at a specific location on the slopes in the area of the proposed tunnel exits to the complex engineering and geological conditions of the Caucasus Mountains and the execution of work in densely populated tourist areas of Sochi.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Financial news: On 2025-11-18, the Federal Treasury will hold a deposit auction of 22,025,375 rubles.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Exchange – Moscow Exchange –

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Application selection parameters;

Application selection date 11/18/2025. Unique application selection identifier 22,025,375. Deposit currency: rubles. Fund type: EKS. Maximum amount of funds placed on bank deposits, in monetary units: 448,000,000,000. Placement period, in days: 2. Funds deposit date: 11/18/2025. Funds return date: 11/20/2025. Interest rate on funds placement (fixed or floating). Single treasury account. Minimum fixed interest rate on funds placement, % per annum: 15.76. Base floating interest rate on funds placement – Minimum spread, % per annum – Terms and conditions of the bank deposit agreement (term, replenishable or special) Term. The minimum amount of funds placed for one application, in monetary units, is 1,000,000,000. The maximum number of applications from one credit institution, pcs. 2. Application selection form (Open with random completion, Closed, Open with extension) Open with random completion. Application selection schedule (Moscow time). Venue for application selection: Moscow Exchange PJSC. Application acceptance: from 09:30 to 09:40. Applications in preliminary mode: from 09:30 to 09:35. Applications in competition mode: from 09:35 to 09:40. Random trading end period (sec.): 120Bid step:

Time step (sec.):

Extension period end time:

Formation of a consolidated register of applications: from 10:20 to 10:50. Establishing the cutoff interest rate and (or) recognizing the selection of applications as unsuccessful: from 10:20 to 11:00. Sending an offer to credit institutions to conclude a bank deposit agreement: from 11:00 to 12:20. Receipt of acceptance of the offer to conclude a bank deposit agreement from credit institutions: from 11:00 to 12:20. Deposit transfer time In accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 63 and 64 of the Order of the Federal Treasury dated April 27, 2023 No. 10n

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Conversation between Mikhail Mishustin and Mongolian Prime Minister Gombojavyn Zandanshatar.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – Government of the Russian Federation –

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M. Mishustin:

Dear Mr. Zandanshatar!

First of all, I would like to ask you to convey greetings and best wishes to the President of Mongolia, the esteemed Mr. Khurelsukh, from the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, and from me personally.

Mongolia is our strategic partner in the Asia-Pacific region. Our relations are based on long-standing traditional friendship and mutual support between the peoples of Russia and Mongolia.

The talks between President Vladimir Putin and Mr. Khurelsukh on May 7 in Moscow and September 2 in Beijing confirmed our mutual interest in further deepening Russian-Mongolian multifaceted cooperation. Through our governments, we are creating favorable conditions for advancing strategic projects, particularly in energy, industry, transportation, and humanitarian affairs.

Our intergovernmental commission on trade, economic, scientific, and technical cooperation is actively working. It is chaired by our Minister of Natural Resources, Alexander Kozlov. We anticipate the appointment of a new co-chair from the Mongolian side. We propose holding the next meeting of the intergovernmental commission before the end of the year in Ulaanbaatar, subject to agreement with you on a date.

We are strengthening humanitarian cooperation and assisting Mongolia in training its national personnel. More than 70,000 Mongolian citizens have graduated from Russian higher and secondary educational institutions. It is gratifying that you, Mr. Prime Minister, are one of these Mongolian representatives. We believe it is important to expand the teaching of Russian in Mongolia.

We regularly hold Culture Days and Russian-Mongolian Friendship Days, joint scientific research expeditions, and are also expanding our contacts in the sports sector.

This year marks the 80th anniversary of our Great Victory over German Nazism and Japanese militarism. The joint participation of President Vladimir Putin and Mr. Khurelsukh in the commemorative events in Moscow in May and Beijing in September became a new symbol of friendship and a reminder of the shared historical memory of the peoples of Russia and Mongolia.

Dear Mr. Zandanshatar, I give you the floor.

To be continued…

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Financial news: On November 19, 2025, JSC “SME Corporation” will hold a deposit auction.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Exchange – Moscow Exchange –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Parameters;

The deposit auction date is November 19, 2025. Placement currency is RUB. The maximum amount of funds placed (in the placement currency) is 840,000,000. Placement term, days – 32. Date of depositing funds is November 21, 2025. Date of return of funds is December 23, 2025. Minimum placement interest rate, % per annum is 15.5. Terms of the conclusion, urgent or special (Urgent). The minimum amount of funds placed for one application (in the placement currency) is 840,000,000. The maximum number of applications from one Participant, pcs. 1. Auction form, open or closed (Open).

The basis of the Agreement is the General Agreement. Schedule (Moscow time). Preliminary bids from 10:30 to 10:40. Competitive bids from 10:40 to 10:50. The cutoff percentage may be set or the auction may be declared void by 11:30. Additional terms and conditions.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Financial news: On November 18, 2025, JSC “SME Corporation” will hold a deposit auction.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Moscow Exchange – Moscow Exchange –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Parameters;

The deposit auction date is November 18, 2025. The placement currency is RUB. The maximum amount of funds placed (in the placement currency) is 605,000,000. Placement term, days – 32. The date of depositing funds is November 20, 2025. The date of return of funds is December 22, 2025. The minimum placement interest rate, % per annum is 15.5. Terms of the conclusion, urgent or special (urgent). The minimum amount of funds placed for one application (in the placement currency) is 605,000,000. The maximum number of applications from one Participant, pcs. 1. Auction form, open or closed (Open).

The basis of the Agreement is the General Agreement. Schedule (Moscow time). Preliminary bids from 10:30 to 10:40. Competitive bids from 10:40 to 10:50. The cutoff percentage may be set or the auction may be declared void by 11:30. Additional terms and conditions.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.