Congratulations to Yaroslav Vasiliev on successfully defending his doctoral dissertation.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering –

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Congratulations to Yaroslav Vladimirovich Vasiliev, Associate Professor of the Department of Ground Transport and Technological Machines at SPbGASU, on successfully defending his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Engineering Sciences in specialty 2.9.5. Operation of Motor Transport. His scientific advisor was Sergey Arkadyevich Evtyukov, Doctor of Engineering Sciences and Professor of the Department of Ground Transport and Technological Machines at SPbGASU.

Dissertation topic: "Scientific foundations for ensuring the effectiveness of road transport expertise and expert prevention of accidents involving pedestrians."

The defense took place on October 28, 2025, in the dissertation council 24.2.380.05, created on the basis of our university.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Students from five universities discussed current issues in modern construction in English.

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Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering –

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Elena Selezneva, Victoria Sherstennikova, and Elena Chirkova open the meeting.

On October 28, 2025, as part of the 88th National (All-Russian) Scientific and Practical Conference of Students, Postgraduates, and Young Scientists "Current Issues in Modern Construction," which traditionally takes place at our university, a section of the Department of Intercultural Communication was held. Students from SPbGASU, St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, St. Petersburg State Forest Engineering University, and Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering presented their research findings in English.

Elena Selezneva, Head of the Department of Intercultural Communication, emphasized that the section traditionally provides a platform for young researchers from various universities to discuss scientific progress and share discoveries, ideas, and new approaches in a foreign language.

Elena Chirkova, professor at the Department of Intercultural Communication, presented a virtual cloud where any participant in a foreign-language discussion can add new elements—words, concepts, and notions related to scientific fields.

The section moderator, Victoria Sherstennikova, a first-year undergraduate student in the Faculty of Architecture at St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, said she was inspired by the students' presentations. The students' research topics covered modern achievements and technologies in construction, architecture, transportation, and economics.

Participants in the section noted that knowledge of foreign languages opens access to a large number of lectures and scientific articles and increases competitiveness in the labor market.

Fyodor Romanchuk, a first-year master's student at the Faculty of Civil Engineering at St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, presented a paper entitled "Advantages and Disadvantages of Concrete Houses Using 3D Printing."

"3D concrete printing technology has both potential applications and limitations due to the specifics of production. I discussed this in my presentation. I'm interested in participating in events like this: I think that, regardless of the topic, everyone can share something interesting or new.

"I've used foreign languages in practice many times—for example, translating documentation into Russian and writing my thesis. I believe that today, knowledge of a foreign language opens up enormous opportunities for career advancement in any industry," Fedor shared.

Kuzma Varaksin, a first-year undergraduate student at the Faculty of Architecture at St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, explored the prospects and trends for urban mobility, emphasizing the role of urban infrastructure and analyzing its current state for ensuring the rapid and safe movement of vehicles and various population groups.

Fourth-year undergraduate students from the Faculty of Architecture at the Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Dilyara Akhanova and Anastasia Zhikhareva, emphasized the role of artificial intelligence in the creation of modern projects and generative images, which help architects work more efficiently using modern technologies.

Third-year undergraduate students Anastasia Alekseenko and Olesya Alekseenko from the Institute of Forestry Business and Innovation at the St. Petersburg State Forest Engineering University presented the results of a statistical analysis of wooden housing construction in Russia and examined its development prospects.

Second- and third-year undergraduate students from the Saint Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Natalia Rudenko and Valeria Aleinikova from the Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, presented an overview of the various factors that lead to employee burnout and analyzed ways to increase motivation and productivity by creating comfortable working conditions, flexible schedules, a positive psychological climate, and organizing extracurricular activities and joint sports.

Viktor Malevany, a first-year master's student at the Faculty of Automobile and Highway Engineering at St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, prepared a report entitled "Using Automotive Service Center Capacities for Vehicle Modification."

"The topic of this report overlaps with my final thesis, 'Reconstruction of a Service Station with the Implementation of a Vehicle Customization Section.' I raise the question of the possibility of combining the operation of a service station with the parallel improvement of vehicles, both cosmetic and technical.

"I decided to speak out of curiosity; previously, I'd only participated as a photographer and an audience member. "A foreign language in Russia can be used to research work experience and the organization of work among foreign colleagues, to study educational materials and research papers in the foreign language, and to communicate and coordinate with foreign partners. This is quite sufficient for successfully running and developing a business in my field," Viktor believes.

The section meeting was constructive, with participants raising pressing issues and presenting the results of their research aimed at finding new solutions.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

SPbGASU faculty members took part in the large-scale transport exhibition "Road-2025"

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering –

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From October 21 to 23, the 12th International Specialized Exhibition "Road-2025" was held in Mineralnye Vody. It was organized with the support of the Russian Ministry of Transport and the Federal Road Agency. Among the guests of honor were Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Marat Khusnullin, Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation Andrei Nikitin, Head of Rosavtodor Roman Novikov, Chairman of the Board of the State Company "Avtodor" Vyacheslav Petushenko, and Governor of the Stavropol Krai Vladimir Vladimirov.

Stanislav Evtyukov, Doctor of Engineering, Head of the Department of Transport Systems and Road and Bridge Construction at SPbGASU, and Egor Golov, Associate Professor of the same department and Candidate of Engineering, actively participated in the exhibition, including participating in the panel discussion "Strategic Approaches to Ensuring Road Safety" and in the conferences "The Digital Ecosystem of the Transport Complex: Aspects of Efficiency and System Interaction," "Information Modeling in the Road Sector: Synergy of Accumulated Experience and Technological Progress," "Career Track – the Development Path of a Specialist in Road Sector Organizations," and "Experience with the Application of Unmanned Technologies in the Road Sector, Best Practices, and Opportunities for Russia." The event became the largest professional platform for discussing current issues in the development of the Russian road transport industry.

The key event of the exhibition was a demonstration of the laying of the top layers of asphalt concrete pavement using exclusively Russian-made unmanned equipment.

Representatives of SPbGASU were also able to learn about the latest technologies and innovative solutions in road construction and exchange experiences with colleagues from leading specialized universities across the country.

Particular attention was paid to the digitalization of road infrastructure, the implementation of intelligent transport systems, and the development of environmentally friendly technologies for the construction and operation of highways.

Participation in the exhibition allowed us to establish new professional contacts, discuss prospects for developing educational programs, and discuss the possibility of implementing joint research projects with leading industry companies and research centers.

The exhibition organizers noted the high level of professional training of the university's representatives and expressed their readiness to further develop cooperation in the field of training specialists for the transport industry.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

At St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, economic and legal issues of transforming public relations in the context of digitalization were discussed.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering –

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On October 22, the SPbGASU hosted a regional roundtable discussion titled "Economic and Legal Issues of Transforming Public Relations in the Context of Digitalization."

Participants exchanged views on industry-specific issues of legal regulation in the context of digitalization; current trends in the digitalization of civil and arbitration proceedings; and controversial issues related to the application of artificial intelligence in the legal sphere.

Nikolai Zhilsky, Head of the Department of Legal Regulation of Urban Development and Transport at St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, spoke about the relevance of the roundtable: "Everyone is switching to digital technology now. Public attitudes toward this are mixed, and it's difficult for people to adapt. There's no legal framework, and creating one will take years. This is the topic of our roundtable.

Together with my colleague, Elizaveta Yankovskaya, a lecturer in our department, we prepared a report on the legal framework for the digitalization of insolvency (bankruptcy) procedures for legal entities. On the one hand, digital technologies improve the efficiency, transparency, openness, accessibility, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and acceleration of bankruptcy procedures. The ability to collaborate remotely is also a major advantage. On the other hand, new risks arise in the areas of cybersecurity, legal compliance, and personal data protection. We wanted to draw the attention of the scientific community to these and other issues related to digital transformation."

Irina Borodushko, Head of the Department of Law at St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, presented a report titled "A Seamless Digital Sky for Russia: State Policy, Regulatory Framework, and Technologies." She highlighted the challenging aspects of developing unified legal regulation of ground, air, and low-orbit space in the Russian Federation.

Elena Silina, professor of the Department of Civil Procedural Law at the North-West Branch of the V. M. Lebedev Russian State University of Justice, presented a paper entitled "Current Issues and Priority Areas for the Development of Digitalization in Civil and Arbitration Proceedings."

Of particular interest was the report by Valentina Maksimova, a lawyer with the Baltic Interregional Bar Association of St. Petersburg, entitled "The Economic Consequences of Uncontrolled Access to Lawyers' Personal Data in the State Automated Systems "Pravosudie" and "My Arbitrator": Risk Assessment and Development of a Defense Strategy."

Professors from St. Petersburg universities, practicing lawyers, and representatives of organizations in the real sector of the economy participated in the discussion of the regional roundtable discussion "Economic and Legal Issues of Transforming Public Relations in the Context of Digitalization."

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

The next Master's degree hearings were held at the Automobile and Highway Faculty of St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering –

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Text: Igor Chernyaev, Head of the Department of Technical Operation of Vehicles

Photo: courtesy of the Faculty of Automobile and Road Engineering

October 27

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On October 23 and 24, the 10th National (All-Russian) Interuniversity Scientific and Practical Conference "Master's Hearings" was held at the Automobile and Highway Faculty of St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

The conference is traditionally held at the end of October, in the lead-up to Automobile and Urban Passenger Transport Workers' Day, and serves as a platform for master's students to present preliminary results of their work, followed by discussion with colleagues and relevant specialists, exchange experiences in preparing master's dissertations, and discuss issues related to the implementation of master's educational programs.

In 2025, the conference topics included four specialized sections:

Highways, bridges and tunnels; road and construction machinery; technical operation of motor vehicles; technology of transport processes.

Listeners and out-of-town participants were able to join section meetings remotely.

In total, more than 60 presentations were presented, covering all relevant areas of research and development in the road transport sector. Among the most interesting presentations were those related to improving the quality of road construction, developing intelligent transport systems, predictive vehicle diagnostics, and automating road construction equipment.

Based on the conference results, a collection of materials will be published with indexing in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI).

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

A delegation from the Consulate General of the Republic of Uzbekistan visited SPbGASU

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Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering –

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On October 22, a delegation from the Consulate General of the Republic of Uzbekistan in St. Petersburg visited the Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

The delegation included the Consul of the Republic of Uzbekistan in St. Petersburg, Kabul Alimov, and an employee of the Representative Office of the Agency for External Labor Migration at the Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the Russian Federation, Temurbek Niyazmetov.

The delegation was hosted by Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs Sergey Mikhailov, Head of the International Affairs Department Shuaynat Akhmadulaeva, and SPbGASU students who are citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The meeting discussed opportunities for expanding cooperation with Uzbek universities and interaction between SPbGASU students from the Republic of Uzbekistan and the consulate in St. Petersburg.

Sergey Mikhailov noted that the university is consistently developing cooperation with universities and organizations in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Currently, 47 Uzbek citizens are studying at SPbGASU. The university maintains partnerships with the Tashkent University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, the Samarkand State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, and the Tashkent State Transport University.

Kabul Alimov emphasized that Russia and Uzbekistan are actively developing cooperation at the leadership level, which contributes to strengthening ties between educational institutions and expanding opportunities for academic exchange.

The meeting concluded with a discussion between consulate representatives and the students. They discussed issues of adaptation, studies, and the graduates' future professional development prospects.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

The final stage of the All-Russian TIM Championship of SPbGASU has begun at SPbGASU. Bridges 2025

Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering –

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Today, October 27, the final stage of the All-Russian SPbGASU TIM Championship, Bridges 2025, began. Over the course of four days, teams from the Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbGASU) and the Siberian State Transport University (SUSPS, online) will design a bridge across a river in the Leningrad Region.

The TIM Championship is being held by the SPbGASU Digital Competencies Educational Center as part of the federal innovation platform "Innovative Methodology for Developing Digital Professional Competencies of Students and Specialists in the Construction Industry," which is being implemented at our university.

Denis Nizhegorodtsev, Director of the Digital Competence Educational Center, emphasized the particular importance of this competition for students studying bridge and tunnel design: "There are very few specialized competitions for bridge engineers in Russia. Perhaps there aren't any at all. However, they are greatly needed, as many bridges are being built in the country, and Siberia, with its numerous rivers, is being actively developed. As always, the participants of our TIM Championship will work in conditions as close to real-life as possible. They will gain experience in teamwork and refine their information modeling skills using domestic programs. Over the past few years, there have been significant changes in approaches to the use of software for bridge design. We took this into account when developing the assignment."

The task was developed by an expert jury consisting of university professors and representatives of partner companies. From October 20th to 24th, during the qualifying round of the championship, students presented their concepts—three from each team. The experts selected the best options. The teams will now develop them in more detail.

Nikolai Kozak, an expert at the TIM-Championship and associate professor at the Department of Transport Systems and Road and Bridge Construction, is confident that both teams were well prepared for the challenge: "Unlike the 2023 Championship, when the students designed a standard small overpass over a highway, this time the technical specifications included a bridge over a complex terrain section. Participants had to consider the road's routing (for example, its location on a concave curve) and the characteristics of a river with variable water levels. During the first stage, they developed bridge designs that could be built under these conditions. Each team had its own unique approach—some focused on classic, time-tested solutions, while others tried to experiment, proposing less common design types. It's worth noting that the experts' evaluation of the ideas was almost unanimous. Based on the evaluation results, we approved the main options, which the teams are currently working on."

Igor Rudakov, a sixth-year student in the Automobile and Highway Engineering Department at St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbGASU), serves as the chief engineer on our university's team. "I have experience in information modeling, including civil engineering. But I'm specifically interested in bridge modeling. I'd like to see more competitions like this," Igor shared.

Maria Zobova, a sixth-year student in the Automobile and Road Construction Faculty at St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (TIM Coordinator), said: "We've been looking forward to this 'bridge' championship! We prepared, studied the programs, and studied the regulations. Personally, I'm looking forward to new experiences and new knowledge that is in demand in the industry."

The organizers plan to make the championship regular and larger-scale.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

The University signed an agreement with the Committee for the Improvement of St. Petersburg

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Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering –

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Sergey Petrichenko and Andrey Surovenkov sign an agreement

SPbGASU participated in the 18th International Conference "Formation of a Comfortable Urban Environment," which this year focused on "From the Center to the Districts: The City's Local Identity." The conference was organized by the St. Petersburg Committee for Improvement with the support of the Russian Ministry of Construction.

Participants included more than 800 representatives of federal and regional agencies, experts in urban planning and design, architecture, landscaping, and ecology, manufacturers of materials and technologies, and others. SPbGASU was represented by Acting Dean of the Faculty of Architecture Andrey Surovenkov.

During the conference, a cooperation agreement was signed between our university and the Committee for Urban Development. Specifically, SPbGASU students will be involved in developing improvement projects for facilities and territories as part of the program to create a comfortable urban environment in St. Petersburg.

"The main focus not only of this forum but also of the important program we're implementing is the creation of attractive public spaces—spaces where people can relax, recharge, recharge, and return home, to work, or school recharged and in a good mood. To achieve this, we need both the experience of renowned experts and new, fresh talent," emphasized Sergei Petrichenko, Chairman of the St. Petersburg Government's Committee for Urban Improvement.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Representatives of the SPbGASU construction faculty took part in a joint meeting at the Siberian Federal University

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Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering –

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Andrei Nikulin (third from right) at a joint meeting

On October 22–24, Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk) hosted a joint meeting of the board of the Association of Construction Universities (ACU), the presidium of the Federal Educational and Methodological Association (FEMA) for the enlarged group of specialties and areas of training (UGSN) 08.00.00 "Construction Engineering and Technology" and the council of the Industry Consortium "Construction and Architecture".

The participants discussed training personnel for the Russian construction industry. According to Denis Paramonov, Deputy Chairman of the Board of the Russian Student Teams, it is the construction teams and their successful experience working on national construction sites and abroad that enable students not only to master blue-collar jobs but also to become part of the construction industry while still studying.

Andrey Nikulin, Dean of the Faculty of Construction at SPbGASU, presented a report on the topic "Justification of the Need to Train Restoration Engineers in UGSN 16 "Construction and Housing and Public Utilities" as Part of the Implemented Reform of Higher Engineering Education" and noted that in 2026, SPbGASU will host the first recruitment of applicants in the training program 08.03.01 Construction, profile "Restoration of Buildings and Structures."

"Russia has over 150,000 architectural and cultural heritage sites, and St. Petersburg boasts the largest concentration of them in the country—9,035. The Leningrad and St. Petersburg Schools of Restoration have eighty years of experience in restoring and preserving architectural heritage sites. New methods, materials, and technologies require restorers to possess engineering expertise, which will enable them to make professionally sound decisions at every stage of the restoration cycle and, most importantly, to establish a lifecycle management system for the restoration site for decades and even centuries to come, based on digital solutions," noted Andrey Nikulin.

Participants in the joint meeting noted the undeniable importance of reviving the training of restoration engineers at SPbGASU, which was already underway at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries and provided the Northern Capital with high-level specialists, including Andrei Mikhailov, Chairman of the Committee for the State Use and Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (KGIOP), and his deputy, Elena Kozyreva, who are both qualified restoration engineers.

The meeting included a seminar for heads of university information modeling technology centers, including a presentation by Denis Nizhegorodtsev, Director of the Digital Competencies Educational Center at SPbGASU. He presented an innovative methodology for developing digital competencies at the secondary, vocational, higher, and continuing education levels, including key components such as digital construction classes, TIM championships, an elective course on project work, a TIM elective, and comprehensive defenses of TIM projects as final qualifications.

According to Denis Nizhegorodtsev, "the key to the growth of the TIM sector in Russia should be a more intensive transition of large customer companies to working with domestic software, which would significantly increase the speed of adaptation of SPbGASU graduates in design organizations."

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Students of St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering were told about assessment activities.

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Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering –

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Dmitry Mizikov at SPbGASU

On October 22, St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbGASU) hosted a meeting between undergraduate students majoring in Land Management and Cadastres (21.03.02, specializing in Real Estate Cadastre) and Construction Economics (38.03.01), and Dmitry Mizikov, Deputy General Director and Director of Appraisal at Gorodskoy Tsentr Appraisal (City Appraisal Center) LLC. He discussed what an appraiser is, the benefits of this specialty, and how to become one.

"I've been in appraisal for almost 30 years. I know everything, or almost everything, about appraisal. In post-Soviet Russia, appraisal activities began to develop in 1993–1994. Initially, there were two main areas: revaluation of fixed assets of enterprises to bring book value in line with market value, and real estate appraisal for use as collateral for loans. In 1998, a federal law was passed that sets out the basic principles, goals, and objectives of appraisal activities, as well as requirements for appraisers and their interactions with clients," said Dmitry Mizikov.

The appraiser issues a valuation report—a multi-page document that calculates and substantiates the property's value. This value can be market, investment, liquidation, cadastral, or other, depending on the appraisal objectives and legal requirements. The content of valuation reports is governed by frequently changing appraisal standards.

Since 2017, state budgetary institutions (GBIs) established in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have been responsible for determining the cadastral value of real estate and land. A property owner can challenge the cadastral value and contact an independent appraiser if the market value determined by the independent appraiser is lower than the cadastral value calculated by the GBI using mass appraisal methods. This type of work is in demand and allows the cadastral value to be adjusted to the market value.

To become an appraiser, you must obtain a diploma from a specialized university or a certificate of retraining. The next step is three years of work as an appraiser's assistant or an employee of an appraisal company. Then, you must pass a qualification exam in three areas of your choice: real estate appraisal, personal property appraisal, or business appraisal. You can choose two or three areas at once, but passing the exam is quite difficult. Those who succeed receive qualification certificates. Next, the applicant must join one of the self-regulatory organizations (SROs) of appraisers and pay a contribution to the compensation fund, an entrance fee, and a membership fee. Funds from the compensation fund may be paid to the client if the appraiser makes an error and their actions cause harm to the client, as proven in court. Once the appraiser's name appears on the SRO website, they can begin working. If the appraiser leaves the SRO, the fee is non-refundable.

The speaker emphasized the high level of responsibility of the appraiser, who must work with state property and conduct forensic examinations, among other things. During the construction of extensive facilities that will pass through private or legal entities' land, the state compensates the owners for the value of their property and losses associated with the seizure of the property for state needs, as well as lost profits. The amount of this compensation is determined by an independent appraiser, who can influence the fate of individuals, among other things.

"The appraiser profession is interesting because it intersects with various specialties. An appraiser requires economic and legal knowledge. You need to be able to communicate with people—clients come in all shapes and sizes. Another advantage is the opportunity to visit interesting places. One of our company's areas of expertise is the appraisal of sea and river vessels and hydraulic structures, so to inspect the properties, our appraisers have traveled to Norway, Central Africa, Malta, and, of course, all over Russia," the speaker said.

Dmitry Mizikov invited students to intern at the City Assessment Center. He said interns from our university had already worked at the organization. Some stayed and developed professionally.

Karina Kashtanova, a first-year undergraduate student in the Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Urban Management, is already working full-time at the City Assessment Center LLC: "I write cover letters for assessment reports, prepare commercial proposals, and conduct assessment site inspections. I'm confident that at SPbGASU I'll gain the knowledge I need in my work!"

"Real estate appraisal, and in particular, challenging cadastral values, is one of the areas our graduates can find employment. Meetings with employers are an excellent way for our students to evaluate the practical focus of their education at SPbGASU and, in some cases, even find employment," says Yana Volkova, Acting Head of the Department of Geodesy, Land Management, and Cadastre.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.