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October 20, 2025 Climate and environment

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Emergency Congress opened in Geneva on Monday, and it could change the course of the fight against climate disasters.

The Congress, which is part of the "Early Warning for All" initiative launched by the UN in 2022, brought together representatives from 193 countries. Forum participants aim to ensure that every person on the planet is protected from natural disasters by the end of 2027.

Science in action

"Seventy-five years ago, WMO was born from the recognition that weather, water, and climate know no borders. Today, we continue to build a global system based on solidarity, science, and trust," said WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo, emphasizing that sustainable development, food security, and infrastructure protection are impossible without effective weather and climate services.

In addition to the WMO, dozens of partners are participating in the "Early Warning for All" initiative, ranging from humanitarian organizations to meteorological equipment manufacturers and IT companies. The initiative covers the entire cycle: from observing atmospheric phenomena and generating forecasts to disseminating warnings and preparing for natural disaster response.

There is progress, but there are more and more challenges

In 2024, 108 countries reported having early warning systems—twice as many as in 2015. In countries with underdeveloped systems, the mortality rate from natural disasters is six times higher.

Artificial intelligence and technological innovation can help developing countries overcome technological barriers, but the digital divide remains a serious problem.

Not just statistics

A report documenting the successes and gaps in the global monitoring system was presented at the Congress. It provides examples of countries that have made significant progress thanks to WMO support and cooperation among developing countries.

"Success is measured not by reports, but by lives saved," wrote Celeste Saulo in the report's foreword. "Global solidarity, based on science and partnership, has the power to change the world. By 2027, we must do everything we can to ensure that no one is left unprotected."

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October 20, 2025 International law

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk today called on the Kyrgyz authorities to immediately cease efforts to reinstate the death penalty, warning that such a regressive step would constitute a serious violation of international law.

Kyrgyzstan abolished the death penalty in 1998 and then legally banned it permanently in 2010 after ratifying Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)This treaty obliges states parties to take all necessary measures to abolish the death penalty.

However, following the rape and murder of a girl in late September, Kyrgyz authorities proposed amending the Constitution to allow for the death penalty for the rape of a child, as well as for the rape and murder of a child or adult. They also propose withdrawing from the Protocol. These proposals are expected to be put to a referendum in the coming weeks and, if approved, submitted to the country's parliament.

"The rights enshrined in the Covenant and the Second Optional Protocol, once granted, belong to individuals living within the territory of a State party and cannot be taken away, regardless of the justification offered," the High Commissioner emphasized. He added that no justice system is flawless, and if the death penalty is reintroduced, it will eventually lead to the deaths of innocent people at the hands of the state.

The UN Human Rights Committee, which monitors compliance ICCPR, made it clear that, since the Covenant and the Second Optional Protocol contain no provisions for denunciation, the abolition of the death penalty is legally irreversible for states that have accepted these treaties. This also means that states are prohibited from reintroducing it. Furthermore, a state that has ratified the Protocol without reservations is not permitted to apply the death penalty even for the most serious crimes.

"For many years, Kyrgyzstan has been part of a growing—and very encouraging—global consensus on the universal abolition of the death penalty. Current legislative initiatives run counter to the spirit of the country's commitments, including its recent support for the Human Rights Council resolution calling on states to ratify the Second Optional Protocol," Türk noted.

Around 170 countries have abolished the death penalty or introduced a moratorium on its use in law or practice.

"The crimes cited by the authorities as grounds for reinstating the death penalty are undoubtedly horrific, and they must be properly punished. However, there is no evidence that the death penalty plays a significant role in deterring serious crime," Türk stated.

He called on the Kyrgyz authorities to abandon proposals to reinstate the death penalty and instead focus their efforts on ensuring effective protection of the law and adequate access to justice and reparations. "The response must be a victim-centered and adequately resourced approach to combating violence, including sexual violence," the High Commissioner stated.

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October 19, 2025 Peace and security

At the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP), Ukraine, maintenance work to restore external power began yesterday. As a reminder, Europe's largest nuclear power plant has been without external power for almost a month, raising serious concerns about nuclear safety at the facility.

This was announced by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi. After weeks of difficult negotiations, the Russian Federation and Ukraine agreed to an IAEA proposal to establish temporary ceasefire zones around two specific areas on both sides of the front line so that IAEA specialists can repair two power lines damaged during the fighting.

On Saturday morning, after demining was completed, repair work began on two cables of the 330-kilovolt Ferrosplavna-1 line, which was disconnected from Zaporizhzhya NPP on May 7. Later this weekend, after the necessary demining work is completed on the other side, repairs are planned to begin on the damaged section of the 750-kilovolt Dneprovskaya line, which was disconnected on September 23. It was this outage that led to the complete blackout at the plant.

IAEA teams will monitor and report on repairs at both sites, located several kilometers from the plant. Six reactors at Zaporizhzhya NPP have been shut down since 2022, but they still require electricity to operate the pumps that cool the nuclear fuel.

There's finally light at the end of the tunnel. Both sides have been constructively engaging with us to make this possible.

"The start of repair work is a significant step forward in our persistent efforts to restore off-site power to Europe's largest nuclear power plant, which has been forced to rely on emergency diesel generators in recent weeks. This is clearly an unsustainable situation," Grossi said.

He said it would take some time before the plant was reconnected to the grid, as repairs would take about a week. "There's finally light at the end of the tunnel. Both sides engaged constructively with us to make this possible. There's a shared understanding that the current situation is not beneficial to anyone. The process was complex, as the power lines are located in an active combat zone, and we first needed to ensure the necessary safety conditions were in place before proceeding with repairs," the IAEA chief noted.

Until external power is restored, the plant receives electricity from seven emergency diesel generators, which support key nuclear safety and security systems. An additional 13 generators are in standby mode.

The current power outage is the tenth since the conflict began and the longest. "Reliance on emergency diesel generators is the last line of defense for nuclear power plants. What was once unthinkable has now become all too common. As long as this devastating conflict continues, nuclear safety and security remain seriously compromised. Today, we have a rare opportunity to deliver good news, but we are still far from a safe situation," Grossi emphasized.

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October 17, 2025 Peace and security

The UN Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution extending sanctions against Haiti for another year, amid ongoing terror by armed gangs.

The sanctions regime was established in 2022 and includes a travel ban, asset freeze, and arms embargo. The resolution, co-sponsored by Panama and the United States, also extends the mandate of the group of experts supporting the sanctions committee. The document was adopted several weeks after the Security Council transformed the Multinational Security Assistance Mission to Haiti into an Anti-Gang Force.

"These measures will restore security in Haiti and bring the gangs to their knees," a U.S. official told the council on Friday.

Resolution 2794 (2025) expresses deep concern about the “extremely high levels of gang violence and other criminal activities”, such as kidnappings for ransom, murders, human trafficking and sexual violence, and the continued impunity.

Speaking at the meeting, a Haiti official said the sanctions regime could be "an effective instrument of deterrence and justice if it is properly applied and respected by all Member States."

He said efforts to suppress the violence had so far produced mixed results, as gangs continued to receive weapons and ammunition from abroad.

Read also:

EXPLAIN | Why, despite the embargo, are half a million illegal firearms circulating in Haiti?

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October 18, 2025 Peace and security

Eleven years ago, Irina was forced to flee her native Donetsk and move to another part of the Donetsk region, which remained under Ukrainian control. Eight years later, in February 2022, a full-scale Russian invasion forced her to flee her home again – this time, she found herself in Dnipro, which had become a humanitarian hub for thousands of people fleeing frontline areas.

But instead of despair, Irina, a trained psychologist, chose action. She joined the NGO "Proliska" (Snowdrop), a partner of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Irina helps people with "invisible" trauma.

"I was forced to leave my home twice myself, so I know what it's like to lose someone. We can only heal when we help others. You connect with them as an equal—as an equal. I understand them, they understand me—and that helps people open up," says Irina.

Her work often involves traveling to frontline communities or meeting with people in shock following the latest airstrikes, which have intensified in recent months. As part of the Podsnezhnika mobile team—along with other specialists providing support to the victims—Irina helps people find the strength to move on.

© UNHCR/N. Ivanovsky

Shock, despair, grief, fear, insomnia, emotional numbness are just some of the things she faces every day.

One day she met a boy who spent four days in a basement with his parents, hiding from shelling.

"They survived on pickles and water. When the boy finally emerged, he stuttered, was pale, and trembling. He could barely speak, but he began drawing. He drew the stairs they used to descend to the basement and what he felt there. I continue to work with him and his parents," Irina recalls.

Children are often the first to reach out to her – they take her hands and hug her when they meet.

"They seek support that their parents can't provide at this moment, because they themselves are unsettled and frightened. We stabilize not only the children but also the parents – we demonstrate breathing techniques and simple exercises so the whole family can cope with what's happening," she adds.

The elderly face their own challenges. Many are left alone: their children have left for abroad or other regions of Ukraine. Some elderly people resisted leaving until the very last moment, until evacuation became inevitable.

"Evacuation isn't just a change of residence. It's a profound emotional upheaval. Our role is to help people not only cope with the loss of their home but also find their way in a new environment and move on with their lives," says Irina.

© UNHCR/O. Platonov

According to UN estimates, approximately 10 million Ukrainians require psychological support, as the full-scale war has now continued for over 3.5 years. Since the beginning of the invasion, UNHCR staff, together with six Ukrainian partner organizations, have provided psychosocial assistance to over 300,000 people, both immediately after the attacks and after evacuation.

UNHCR teams work with thousands of people every month – on the front lines, in transit centers, and even on buses during evacuations, says Maria Vlasenko, assistant in the mental health and psychosocial support department. Specialists conduct individual consultations, group and family meetings, and art classes for children and adults.

"Psychological support is never isolated – it's linked to broader work: providing legal aid and social support, and referrals to specialized services. The needs of people who have survived war and displacement are complex and interrelated. Our goal is to help them recover and begin rebuilding their lives," says Maria.

Despite constant danger and uncertainty, Irina from "Snowdrop" continues her work. Every small sign of recovery reminds her of the strength of the human spirit.

"The most valuable thing about my work isn't just helping people here and now. What warms my heart most is when, some time later—after evacuation or shelling—I meet these people again: on the street, in a new city. They recognize me, come up to me, call, and tell me how they're doing. And that's the warmest feeling in the world."

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October 17, 2025 Healthcare

Winter is approaching, and experts warn that influenza cases will soon begin to rise in the World Health Organization's European Region. Along with other respiratory viruses, including COVID-19, whose circulation has increased this summer, influenza poses a serious threat to public health, especially for the elderly, pregnant women, and people with chronic illnesses and weakened immune systems. Scientific evidence clearly indicates that vaccination remains the best way to protect against severe illness and complications.

The influenza virus constantly mutates, so scientists must update vaccines each year to reflect changes in circulating virus strains. Furthermore, the protection provided by vaccination fades over time. This is why it's so important to get a flu shot every year. Getting vaccinated early in the flu season will help protect you and those around you from the dominant strains that year.

Similarly, vaccines againstCOVID-19 are also updated as new virus variants emerge, and the protection provided by vaccination gradually weakens. Therefore, those eligible for vaccination should also strengthen their immunity beforeCOVID-19, getting vaccinations on time.

Vaccination reduces the risk of severe illness, complications, and the need for hospitalization. It saves lives and helps healthcare systems cope with the strain during the busy winter months. A recent study based on data from several countries in the European region found that between January 2022 and November 2023, COVID-19 vaccination reduced the risk of hospitalization within six months of vaccination by more than half.

Make informed choices

The WHO/Europe campaign, under the slogan "No one knows your risks better than you," is being launched at the start of the new flu and COVID-19 seasons. By making informed and responsible decisions, we can protect ourselves and those around us. WHO urges everyone, especially those at higher risk, to get vaccinated and take simple steps every day to protect themselves from the disease.

Get vaccinated as soon as you're offered the opportunity. If you're sick, stay home. If you have symptoms, wear a mask. Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing. Wash your hands regularly. Ventilate rooms regularly.

Protection against disinformation

This year, we'd like to emphasize the importance of protecting ourselves not only from viruses, but also from false and misleading information. False or misleading claims about vaccines and protective measures can spread online, sowing confusion and mistrust, and ultimately leaving people unprotected.

WHO recommends relying only on reliable information: check sources of information, verify facts, and consult trusted institutions such as ministries of health and the WHO.

"Trust the science. Get vaccinated. Protect yourself from seasonal flu," the WHO urges.

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October 17, 2025 UN

The United Nations will be on the road to bankruptcy if member states fail to pay their dues on time and in full. Secretary-General António Guterres warned this on Friday, presenting the UN budget for 2026 at $3.238 billion—15.1 percent less than the approved 2025 budget of $3.72 billion.

Speaking to the General Assembly's Fifth Committee, which deals with financial and administrative matters, Guterres described the situation as extremely fragile: high debt, late contributions and the need to "repay loans" threaten to undermine the Organization's liquidity and core operations.

Staff reduction

The revised budget also includes a reduction in staffing levels compared to the original 2026 proposal: from 13,809 positions to 11,594 positions. This represents an 18.8 percent reduction compared to 2025.

The reductions will primarily affect major UN departments and administrative structures, while maintaining programmes that directly serve Member States, particularly least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, small island developing States, and initiatives supporting Africa's development.

The UN also has a separate budget for peacekeeping operations.

Liquidity crisis

The Secretary-General warned that the effects of the current liquidity crisis will be felt not only next year but also in 2027.

The UN's outstanding contributions reached $760 million at the end of last year. Additionally, the UN must repay $300 million in loans to member states in early 2026.

“Any delays in fundraising early in the year will force us to cut spending further… and could result in a return of $600 million in 2027, which represents about 20 percent of the budget,” Guterres said.

"This means the path to bankruptcy," he added, reiterating the urgent need to reduce debt and suspend loan repayments.

Previous spending curbs provided only temporary relief, the UN chief noted. At the beginning of 2025, the UN budget deficit stood at $135 million. By the end of September, the Organization had received only 66.2 percent of its annual contributions—compared to 78.1 percent for the same period in 2024.

As of the end of September, only 136 of the 193 member states had paid their dues in full. Countries that have not yet paid their dues in full include the United States, China, Russia, and Mexico.

How much do permanent members of the Security Council get paid?

According to the current scale, adopted in December 2024 for 2025–2027, the United States of America’s contributions amount to 22.000 percent of the total budget, China’s – 20.004 percent, the United Kingdom’s – 3.991 percent, France’s – 3.858 percent, and the Russian Federation’s – 2.094 percent.

These countries are permanent members of the UN Security Council and have veto power.

Reflection of financial realities

The revised budget for 2026 reflects both current financial realities and the reforms under the UN80 initiative, which aims to comprehensively reform the Organization.

Proposed measures to improve its efficiency include relocating offices to regions with lower personnel costs, as well as creating common administrative platforms in New York and Bangkok.

Despite the cuts, key priorities remain: 37 special political missions will continue to operate, the UN Peacebuilding Fund will receive $50 million, the UN Resident Coordinator system will receive $53 million, and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) will expand its regional offices in Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Beirut, Dakar, Panama City, Pretoria, and Vienna.

What's next?

In the coming weeks, the Fifth Committee will discuss the proposed budget with heads of UN Secretariat departments and programme managers.

The committee will then present its report with recommendations to the plenary session of the General Assembly, with final approval of the UN budget expected by the end of December.

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October 17, 2025 Peace and security

Despite a three-year-old UN embargo, an estimated 270,000 to 500,000 illegal weapons—from pistols to military-grade semiautomatic rifles—are circulating in Haiti. Most of this arsenal is in the hands of armed gangs terrorizing the capital, Port-au-Prince, and its surrounding areas.

Haiti is currently in a state of profound security crisis. Rival criminal groups are waging a bloody battle for control of the capital, resorting to extortion, sexual violence, kidnapping for ransom, and murder.

In 2022, UN member states agreed to an arms embargo on Haiti, so why isn't it working?

© UNOCHA/J. Clark

Violence claims thousands of Haitian lives every year.

How many guns are there in Haiti?

Haiti produces neither weapons nor ammunition. However, according to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, up to half a million illegal weapons circulate in the country. These weapons are in abundance not only among gangs but also among numerous self-defense groups trying to protect their neighborhoods from violence.

In the capital region, with a population of approximately 2.6 million, the consequences of this state of affairs are catastrophic: in 2024 alone, more than 5,600 people were killed as a result of gang activity. The UN has documented mass killings, kidnappings, rapes, destruction of property, and blockages of access to basic services – particularly healthcare and education.

© CPB/HSI

Weapons seized by US law enforcement that were destined for Haiti.

What weapons are used?

There is no precise data, but a growing body of circumstantial evidence points to the use of modern, lethal weapons.

In February 2025, a shipment destined for Haiti from Miami was intercepted in the Dominican Republic. It included, among other items, a Barret M82 heavy semiautomatic rifle, sniper rifles, an Uzi submachine gun, and over 36,000 rounds of ammunition.

What does the UN resolution say?

The October 2022 UN Security Council resolution prohibits the supply of weapons and technical assistance to Haiti, as well as the training and financing of groups and individuals who threaten the peace and security of Haiti. Travel bans and asset freezes have also been imposed.

How do groups circumvent the embargo?

The main smuggling routes from the US – particularly from Miami and New York via the Dominican Republic – are rife with lax controls and corruption. Some shipments are intercepted, but smugglers have alternative routes – weapons also come from Venezuela and other South American countries.

Contraband is often disguised as humanitarian or commercial cargo. Furthermore, bandits often end up with assault rifles registered to private security firms.

© UNICEF/R. Erol

Residents flee the Solino neighborhood of Port-au-Prince after increased gang attacks in May 2024.

What is the UN doing?

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach at the national, regional, and international levels. Haitian customs and border services lack the necessary technical resources—the country lacks a single large-format container scanner.

Given that most shipments are made by sea, it is critical to strengthen controls at ports and along the border with the Dominican Republic. The UN is helping coordinate the efforts of countries in the region, providing technical support for weapons tracing, customs control, and financial investigations.

Since Haiti produces neither weapons nor ammunition, cutting off ammunition supplies could paralyze armed groups and stop terror against civilians. But that's not all.

“The key to the embargo’s effectiveness is the fight against corruption and illicit financial flows,” the UNODC emphasizes.

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October 17, 2025 UN

The main news of the day at the UN and around the world: Tom Fletcher in Gaza, the Secretary-General presented the budget for 2026, the implementation of the Kurdistan Workers' Party's decision to dissolve itself, the adoption of the Zero Emissions Framework from Shipping postponed, the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty.

Humanitarian aid in Gaza

UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Tom Fletcher arrived in the Gaza Strip today, in the city of Deir el-Balah. Fletcher visited a bakery supported by the World Food Programme and met with staff from the UN and partner agencies, thanking them for their work "under extremely challenging conditions." He noted that humanitarian teams are implementing a 60-day plan to scale up life-saving assistance despite the enormous challenges.

UN budget

UN chief Antonio Guterres presented his today budget proposal for the Organization for 2026 To the Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, responsible for administrative and financial matters, the Secretary-General emphasized that the effective implementation of UN mandates remains a key focus: more than 70 percent of the planned quantitative indicators envisage productivity increases of 10 percent or more. The proposed programme budget for 2026 is $3.715 billion, a 15.1 percent decrease compared to the approved budget for 2025.

Kurdistan Workers' Party

The UN Secretary-General continues to monitor progress on the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) decision to disband and disarm, the UN chief's spokesman said. He stated that this decision, if implemented, would be another important step toward a peaceful resolution to the protracted conflict. The Secretary-General calls on all parties to act in good faith in implementing the agreements reached.

Emissions from shipping

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has announced the suspension of the extraordinary session of its Marine Environment Protection Committee. Participants were expected to adopt amendments to Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, including the IMO Zero Emissions Framework. The session will resume in 12 months. This is expected to allow member states to continue their work to achieve consensus on the Framework.

Extreme poverty

Today is celebrated International Day for the Eradication of PovertyIn his message, the UN Secretary-General called for policies that include fair wages, affordable healthcare and housing, quality education, and a comprehensive social protection system. Meanwhile, new data, published by the United Nations Development Programme and the Oxford Initiative on Poverty and Human Development, demonstrate the close links between the climate crisis and poverty.

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October 17, 2025 Peace and security

A severe funding shortage threatens to paralyze UN peacekeeping operations worldwide. The organization warns that due to delays in member states' contributions, it will be forced to reduce patrols, close field offices, and repatriate thousands of blue helmets.

As Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix noted, the current crisis is "more serious than ever before" and is caused by the partial non-payment of assessed contributions—mandatory payments made by Member States to fund UN work in the world's most unstable regions. These revenues remain significantly below the approved budget for 2025–2026.

This week, speaking to military and diplomats at a peacekeeping conference in New Delhi, Lacroix again warned of the consequences of such a situation and said that the work of peacekeepers the lives of hundreds of thousands of civilians depend on.

Large-scale cuts

The UN Secretary-General has instructed all missions to develop cost reductions of 15 percent from their annual budgets. This will result in an approximately 25 percent reduction in the number of military and civilian personnel. These measures will affect all key areas of peacekeeping missions – from patrolling and civilian protection to logistics, aviation, and administrative support.

The Department of Peacekeeping Operations warns that fewer peacekeepers on the ground means fewer patrols to monitor ceasefires, fewer safe areas for civilians and less support for humanitarian operations in places such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, Lebanon and the Golan Heights.

A call for solidarity

Jean-Pierre Lacroix called on all Member States to pay their contributions "in full and on time" and to stand united against "campaigns of misinformation and disinformation about peacekeeping operations."

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres In his address to countries contributing military and police personnel to peacekeeping missions, he also called for stable funding, emphasizing that without it, UN peacekeeping operations will not be able to fulfill the mandates assigned by the Security Council.

Preventing Confrontation

In July, the General Assembly approved a peacekeeping budget for 2025–2026 of $5.38 billion—slightly down from $5.6 billion the previous year. This budget covers the costs of missions and global support centers in Entebbe, Uganda, and Brindisi, Italy.

However, the implementation of the plans depends on whether countries provide these funds.

Peacekeeping accounts for less than half a percent of global military spending, estimated at $2.7 trillion in 2024, but remains one of the UN's most significant tools for maintaining international peace and security.

"Some people ask why peacekeeping missions are still needed," Colin Stewart, former head of the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus, told UN News Service shortly before his retirement. "The answer is simple: peace is maintained precisely because the missions do their job. Without them, mistrust between parties can easily escalate into confrontation."

The decisive moment

Since 1948, more than two million peacekeepers from around the world have served in the most dangerous conditions, helping implement ceasefire agreements and creating space for political dialogue and peace processes. More than 4,400 peacekeepers have died in the line of duty.

In the year of its 80th anniversary, the UN stands at a "turning point" and must adapt their peacekeeping operations to new global realities.

"The challenges we face are real," he noted. "But so are our chances to overcome them—if we remain united in our goals, pragmatic in our actions, and steadfast in our commitment to peace."

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