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December 4, 2025 Peace and security

In El Fasher, North Darfur state, Sudan, extrajudicial killings, rape, and ethnic violence are taking place. Those who manage to escape the city also become victims of crimes: the roads leading out of El Fasher have become "scenes of unimaginable brutality," stated UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk.

He also warned about events unfolding in the neighboring region of Kordofan. Following the capture of El Fasher by the Rapid Intervention Forces, the number of civilian casualties there has increased.

"There are no signs of de-escalation. On the contrary, events on the ground indicate clear preparations for an intensification of hostilities," Türk said.

The UN team working in Sudan has condemned the escalation of violence in Kordofan, including the siege of several towns.

"We are deeply concerned about the ongoing attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure, which are a clear violation of international humanitarian law," the team said in a statement.

It also notes that the fighting is limiting the population's access to food, medicine, and basic necessities. Farmers are unable to work their fields or sell their produce at markets, further increasing the risk of famine.

In the town of Kadugli in South Kordofan state, conditions that could lead to famine have already been recorded.

“We call on all those involved in the fighting to protect civilians, as well as medical and humanitarian workers, especially those fleeing besieged areas, and local first responders on the front lines providing vital support to the population,” the UN country team said.

They also called for the protection of civilian infrastructure, including hospitals and markets, and an end to the abduction and recruitment of children.

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December 3, 2025 Peace and security

The resolution, proposed by a number of countries, including Ukraine, was supported by 91 countries, 12 voted against, and 57 abstained. Resolution demands that the Russian Federation ensure the "immediate, safe and unconditional" return of all Ukrainian children who have been forcibly displaced or deported.

The General Assembly also called on Russia to immediately cease any further practice of forced displacement, deportation, separation of children from their families and legal guardians, changes in their personal status, including through the granting of citizenship, adoption or placement in foster families, as well as the practice of ideological indoctrination.

The document calls on the Secretary-General to use his good offices, including through the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, to remain actively engaged in this issue.

"Imagine: you're 16 years old, going about your daily business… Suddenly, soldiers with machine guns and balaclavas burst into your home," said General Assembly President Annalena Baerbock, opening the meeting. "They force you into a car and drive you off to an unknown destination, where you spend months in a horrific situation. They even change your name."

Sharing the story of this Ukrainian child—one of thousands who, according to Baerbock, were forcibly displaced, adopted, or sent for military training in the Russian Federation—she noted that many of these children may not be aware of the role played by the UN General Assembly. But they understand the responsibility it carries. "We must listen to the voices of the people—especially the most vulnerable, children," she emphasized.

According to the President of the General Assembly, international law, particularly Article 49 of the Geneva Convention, unequivocally prohibits the forced displacement or deportation of children from occupied territories. "What we are witnessing is not just a tragedy for individual children, but a violation of international law," she said.

Ukraine: "This resolution is about humanity"

"This resolution is not about politics," the representative of Ukraine said, addressing the General Assembly before the vote. "It is about humanity. There can be no doubt that every child deserves to live in a home where they feel loved."

According to her, "during the Russian Federation's aggressive war against Ukraine, children are killed, wounded, raped, separated from their families, and deported." "It is inconceivable that anyone would consider children war trophies," the Ukrainian diplomat said.

Moscow's so-called "rescue operations," the Ukrainian representative noted, are in fact "cynical missions to exterminate Ukrainians and take away their children." According to her, the Russian Federation has deported at least 20,000 Ukrainian children to date. While some have been returned, the fate of many remains unknown.

Recalling that the International Criminal Court has issued arrest warrants for Russian President Vladimir Putin and other officials accused of involvement in these crimes, she emphasized that the occupying power bears full responsibility for the return of Ukrainian children. "No child should be separated from their family," she said, calling on the General Assembly to intercede for Ukrainian children.

Russia: The resolution's purpose is to "promote the narrative of Russia's alleged deportation."

Speaking before the vote, Russia's Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN, Maria Zabolotskaya, noted that the special session should not have resumed its work, as its goal contradicts the purposes and principles of the UN, as enshrined in its Charter, and is to "thwart the achievement of a long-term peaceful settlement of the Ukrainian crisis."

"The purpose of this text [of the resolution] is certainly not to help children," she stated. "Its purpose is to advance the narrative of Russia's alleged deportation of children. For several years now, we've been hearing the figure of 20,000 children allegedly deported. This figure hasn't changed, and it's not supported by any lists or any inquiries from parents or relatives. We've never seen any relatives of the children allegedly deported to Russia."

She recalled that the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Holy See, and the State of Qatar are acting as mediators in this matter, and that the Russian leadership also supported the initiative of US First Lady Melania Trump to take part in the fate of children affected by military action.

"You won't learn from the resolution that child reunification is a two-way street," said Russia's Deputy Permanent Representative. "122 children returned to Ukraine and 29 children returned to Russia."

In June of this year, Ukraine handed over a list of 339 names to Russia in Istanbul. Some of those listed were adults, while others had never been to Russia, the rapporteur added.

Zabolotskaya also refuted reports of Russia's violations of international humanitarian law and the forced adoption of Ukrainian children.

At the end of her speech, the Russian representative stated that “every vote cast in favor of the resolution is support for lies, war, and confrontation; every vote against is a vote for peace.”

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December 3, 2025 UN

The main news of the day at the UN and around the world: a humanitarian catastrophe in Sudan, mass displacement from violence in northern Mozambique, record opium production in Myanmar, and International Day of Persons with Disabilities.

The humanitarian situation in Sudan

Sudan is currently experiencing a severe humanitarian disaster: the escalating conflict in Kordofan and other parts of the country has left civilians without food, water, and medical care. UNICEF reports that some communities in South Kordofan are under siege, while West Kordofan is experiencing constant outbreaks of violence. Hospitals are only partially functioning. The World Health Organization has confirmed nearly 200 attacks on healthcare facilities, resulting in the deaths of over 1,700 people. Despite this, humanitarian organizations continue to deliver water and food to those in need. The humanitarian response plan for Sudan is only 35 percent funded. The UN is calling on donors to urgently increase their support.

Aid for internally displaced persons in Mozambique

UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Tom Fletcher on Wednesday released $6 million from the Central Emergency Response Fund to expand support for 120,000 people displaced by violence in northern Mozambique. The situation in the African country has deteriorated sharply since mid-November as the conflict has escalated. According to humanitarian organizations, children make up more than two-thirds of the 100,000 people who have fled in the past two weeks. They are taking refuge in overcrowded schools, temporary shelters, and sleeping on the streets. All this is happening against the backdrop of cholera spreading across the region. The Central Response Fund will prioritize water, sanitation, and hygiene supplies for those in need.

Myanmar's opium production hits record high

Opium poppy cultivation volumes in Myanmar reached the maximum level Over the past ten years, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reported in a new report. The study was published at a critical moment for the country, which is experiencing protracted conflict and socioeconomic instability. According to the report, the area under poppy cultivation in Myanmar has increased by 17 percent compared to last year. Economic factors play a key role. Since 2019, the price of opium at farmers' markets has more than doubled. According to the UNODC, rising prices and reduced heroin supplies from Afghanistan are creating incentives for further expansion of production in Myanmar.

International Day of Disabled Persons

Today, 1.3 billion people, or one in six people on Earth, face significant health-related limitations. People with disabilities face twice the risk of developing chronic diseases, from diabetes to depression, and the gap in life expectancy compared to people without disabilities can be as high as 20 years. These figures reflect not only health status but also the consequences of systemic exclusion, discrimination, and limited access to services. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres in his message on the occasion International Day of Persons with Disabilities, which is celebrated on December 3, emphasized that without real inclusion it is impossible to talk about genuine social progress or sustainable development.

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December 3, 2025 Human rights

For the first time in the country's history, Syrians are preparing to publicly celebrate next week Human Rights Day – a small but significant step that the UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR) says marks a “new chapter” in its engagement with the authorities and gives hope to millions of people waiting for change.

In an interview with the UN News Service, OHCHR representative Mohammad Al-Nsour reported that the situation in the country is improving a year after the fall of the Assad regime. "Every time we come to Damascus, we see changes," he said.

For many years, the Office was not allowed to operate inside Syria, but the OHCHR team is now permanently based in Damascus. Previously, Al-Nsour monitored the human rights situation remotely from Beirut.

Signs of progress

Syria still faces many challenges, including rebuilding the war-torn country and holding those responsible for crimes committed both under the former regime and since its fall to justice.

Al-Nsour noted that the security problem also remains extremely serious, recalling in particular the massacres in coastal areas of Syria earlier this year, including cases committed by security forces.

Nevertheless, overall, he said, the situation is developing “very constructively and positively.”

"There is political will and a desire on the part of the government to improve the situation," he said. The government is receiving technical assistance from UN representatives aimed at reforming legislation, strengthening human rights principles in law enforcement, and improving the effectiveness of public administration.

These steps, he noted, demonstrate a commitment to a future based on respect for human rights.

He stressed that one of the key advantages of having an OHCHR office inside the country is that its staff act “as consultants to the authorities.”

"Our goal is not to shame or blame any government, but to prevent violations," Al-Nsour said.

Human Rights Day

Preparations are in full swing for the first-ever Human Rights Day commemoration on December 10. The event, which coincides closely with the anniversary of the fall of the Assad regime on December 8, is jointly organized by the OHCHR and the Syrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Al-Nsour noted that the celebration would mark a "new chapter in relations with the Syrian government," and that discussions would focus on "how to advance the human rights agenda in the new Syria."

Accountability and fairness

For many Syrians, accountability remains a key demand. Following the coastal incidents in March, the authorities established a National Investigative Committee, which received significant technical support from the OHCHR. Some perpetrators have already been brought to justice.

Al-Nsour noted that the government also agreed to extend the mandate of the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria, allowing for the continuation of independent international investigations not only into violations committed under the Assad regime but also after its fall.

Voices of Women and Youth

The OHCHR also supports women's civil society organizations and promotes women's greater political participation. According to Al-Nsour, the authorities are open to this approach.

The UN representative emphasized that the main source of hope for Syria is the Syrians themselves.

"Syria's remarkable trait is the resilience of its people," he said. "The remarkable, educated young generation, ready to participate in building a new Syria in the most positive way, inspires hope," the OHCHR representative added.

Across the country, young people are launching their own initiatives, from cleaning public parks to supporting local services.

“They have seen what has happened in other countries – in post-conflict situations in the region and beyond – and they are doing everything they can to move in the right direction,” Al-Nsour said.

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December 3, 2025 Healthcare

On the International Day of Persons with Disabilities, celebrated annually on December 3, the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe released a report highlighting proven effective practices in promoting inclusive healthcare. The report provides examples of how countries in Europe and Central Asia are working to reduce the health gaps faced by more than 135 million people with disabilities.

The report presents a variety of approaches to addressing this issue, ranging from national legislative reforms to local service innovations. These examples demonstrate how healthcare systems can integrate inclusion principles into everyday practices and public health programs.

Despite progress, people with disabilities continue to face significant yet entirely avoidable inequalities, including a 20-year reduction in life expectancy compared to people without disabilities. The report states that governments, healthcare providers, and disability organizations are joining forces to change this.

"All of these examples share a common message: inclusive healthcare cannot be viewed as a stand-alone project," noted Shirin Kiyani, Technical Officer at the WHO Regional Office for Europe. "When countries adopt a systemic approach, supported by sustainable funding and clear governance structures in partnership with organizations of people with disabilities, changes become systemic and long-lasting."

The report includes examples from across the region: sign language interpretation services in Azerbaijan that enable meaningful communication between deaf people and healthcare workers; specialized early breast cancer detection programs for women with intellectual disabilities in Ireland; inclusive sports and fitness initiatives in Turkmenistan that promote health and social inclusion; and an emergency preparedness system in Iceland that takes into account the needs of people with disabilities.

All these practices are consistent with the strategic principles of the WHO European Framework for Action to Achieve the Highest Possible Standard of Health for Persons with Disabilities, endorsed by 53 Member States in the region. It is based on human rights, coordination with organizations of people with disabilities, and the integration of efforts across health, social protection, education, and public services.

The report concludes by emphasizing that simply raising awareness of existing problems is not enough. Infrastructure improvements will not yield sustainable results without reliable data systems and improved accessibility standards. Investments in structural reforms—such as training specialists and developing care pathways—can ensure long-term systemic change.

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December 3, 2025 Peace and security

Opium poppy cultivation in Myanmar has reached its highest level in a decade, according to a new report from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The study comes at a critical time for the country, which is experiencing protracted conflict and socioeconomic instability.

According to the report, the area under poppy cultivation in Myanmar has increased by 17 percent compared to last year, from 45,200 to 53,100 hectares. Economic factors play a key role. Since 2019, the price of opium at farmers' markets has more than doubled, from $160 to $365 per kilogram. According to the UNODC, rising prices and reduced heroin supplies from Afghanistan are creating incentives for further expansion of production in Myanmar.

Despite the increase in cultivated area, per-hectare yields have declined. This is due to armed clashes and general instability, which hinder farmers from tending their fields and obtaining necessary inputs. Nevertheless, overall opium production remains historically high.

The report also documents the first signs that heroin from Myanmar is beginning to reach markets previously supplied with Afghan opium. Over the past year, there have been multiple cases of heroin seizures from passengers traveling from Southeast Asia to Europe. While these are isolated incidents so far, the changing situation on the black market could spur further expansion of production.

"Myanmar is at a turning point: the increase in cultivation reflects the recovery of the opium economy and points to possible further expansion," said Delphine Shantz, UNOPS representative for Southeast Asia and the Pacific.

She emphasized that unless viable alternatives are created for farmers, the cycle of poverty and dependence on illicit cultivation will only intensify. According to her, what is happening now in Myanmar will impact drug markets not only in the region but far beyond, and requires urgent action.

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December 3, 2025 Humanitarian aid

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) today called on the global community to mobilize $2.5 billion to support more than 100 million people in 54 countries and territories by 2026. For the first time, the UN agency's plan brings together all needs into a single framework.

In particular, the FAO requested $64.7 million to help 358,713 residents of Ukraine.

The agency hopes not only to respond to acute crises, but also to reduce the likelihood of future emergencies requiring significant donor investment.

New humanitarian model

FAO Director-General Qu Dongyu noted that the previous model of work is no longer effective. Speaking on the sidelines of the 179th session of the FAO Council, he emphasized the need to rethink approaches to response to food crises.

According to the agency's head, despite significant humanitarian funding in previous years, the number of people experiencing food insecurity has tripled since 2016.

Dongyu noted the message coming from youth in crisis zones at the recent World Food Forum: they want increased opportunities to be productive, not constant humanitarian aid.

Hunger in the countryside

At the same time, supporting farmers and their ability to continue producing food is a key element of stability.

Around 80 percent of people facing acute food insecurity live in rural areas and rely on agriculture, livestock farming, fishing, or forestry. However, only 5 percent of humanitarian funding in the food aid sector is directed toward supporting agriculture.

Strengthening local production improves local residents' access to food, develops the local economy, creates jobs and strengthens social stability – especially in countries experiencing protracted crises, such as Sudan, South Sudan, Afghanistan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Effective programs

FAO stresses the importance of early action and rapid emergency support for agriculture.

Effective solutions include seed distribution, livestock vaccination and treatment, restoration of key infrastructure, provision of farmers with necessary tools, cash assistance, and support for market operations.

Research shows that every dollar invested in protecting agricultural production before a crisis can yield up to seven dollars in returns in prevented losses and reduced humanitarian needs in the future.

FAO plan

FAO's 2026 Global Appeal calls for $1.5 billion in emergency support for 60 million people worldwide, and $1 billion in resilience programs for 43 million people. Sustainable solutions include the adoption of technology for adaptation to climate change, building water infrastructure, improving market access and restoring agri-food systems.

Specifically, it is planned to support 358,713 residents of Ukraine, requiring $64.7 million. $521.6 million will be allocated to countries in the Asia-Pacific region, $519.1 million to the Middle East and North Africa, $471.6 million to East Africa, $593.4 million to West and Central Africa, $179.6 million to Southern Africa, and $111.9 million to Latin America and the Caribbean.

In addition, $70 million will go towards FAO activities such as data collection and analysis, monitoring food chain threats, and coordination with other agencies.

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December 3, 2025 Human rights

Today, 1.3 billion people, or one in six people on Earth, face significant health-related limitations. People with disabilities face twice the risk of developing chronic diseases, from diabetes to depression. And the gap in life expectancy compared to people without disabilities can be as high as 20 years.

These figures reflect not only health conditions, but also the consequences of systemic exclusion, discrimination and limited access to services.

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres in his message on the occasion International Day of Persons with Disabilities, which is celebrated on December 3, emphasized that without real inclusion it is impossible to talk about genuine social progress or sustainable development.

Full participation

The Secretary-General recalled that many people with disabilities make contributions that benefit society as a whole. Thanks to their efforts, the world gains innovations that then become part of everyday life. This is how voice control technologies, text messaging, and many other solutions emerged.

Yet, despite this, people with disabilities are too often denied the right to participate in decision-making.

Systemic barriers

“Doha Political Declaration“The Declaration adopted last month at the World Summit for Social Development reaffirms a fundamental truth: sustainable development is impossible without the participation of people with disabilities,” the UN chief noted.

However, around the world, people with disabilities and their families face significant barriers, including discrimination in the labour market, limited access to information, technology and infrastructure, and inadequate education and social protection systems.

Without removing these barriers, social development will remain incomplete.

On December 3, a discussion will be held at UN Headquarters on how to build truly inclusive societies in line with the Doha Declaration. Representatives from governments, civil society, and the UN will discuss practical tools, solutions, and factors necessary for advancing social development.

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December 2, 2025 Healthcare

The World Health Organization (WHO) has released its first-ever guidelines for the use of a new class of weight-loss medications. The document also recognizes obesity as a chronic disease. This decision could impact national policies, insurance coverage, and clinical guidelines, especially as demand for effective weight-loss treatments rapidly grows.

The guidelines cover glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists—drugs such as liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide—and provide recommendations for their safe use as part of combination therapy. However, the recommendations remain conditional due to limited long-term safety data, uncertainty regarding weight maintenance after treatment discontinuation, high cost, and risks of inequalities in access across countries.

Obesity is a chronic disease

According to WHO, more than one billion people worldwide suffer from obesity. In 2024, it was a factor in 3.7 million deaths. Without decisive action, the number of people with obesity could double by 2030, placing a colossal burden on healthcare systems and leading to global economic losses of up to $3 trillion per year.

Obesity –a serious global challenge" , said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. "The new guidelines recognize obesity as a chronic disease that requires a comprehensive, lifelong approach. Medication alone won't solve the crisis, but GLP-1 therapy can help millions of people."

The WHO emphasizes that obesity is not simply a consequence of individual lifestyle choices. It is a complex, chronic condition influenced by genetic factors, biological processes, environment, and social conditions.

Consequences of excess weight

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and several types of cancer, and also exacerbates the progression of many infectious diseases. For most people, losing weight and maintaining it without medical support is extremely difficult.

GLP-1 medications mimic the action of a natural hormone involved in regulating appetite, blood sugar levels, and digestion. In obese individuals, these medications can lead to significant weight loss and improved health.

WHO has included these drugs in the 2025 List of Essential Medicines for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in high-risk groups, and new guidelines allow their long-term use in obese adults, with the exception of pregnancy.

An integrated approach

The WHO emphasizes that drug therapy alone cannot be the only answer to the problem of obesity. The most effective approach involves combining medication with a healthier diet, regular physical activity, and long-term monitoring and support from specialists.

The organization reiterates that the obesity epidemic cannot be addressed by patients alone; systemic measures from governments and industry are needed.

Access, security and counterfeit risk

Demand for GLP-1 drugs already significantly exceeds supply. Even with increased production, the WHO estimates that by 2030, less than 10 percent of those prescribed these medications will have access.

Without sound public policy, existing inequalities in healthcare could worsen. The WHO recommends that countries utilize pooled purchasing, fair pricing, and voluntary licensing mechanisms.

WHO also warns of growing trafficking counterfeit and low-quality GLP-1 drugsas a result of global shortages. The organization calls for strict supply chain regulation, thoughtful prescribing, and enhanced quality control.

The guidelines were developed at the request of WHO Member States and are based on scientific evidence, expert opinions, and consultations with people living with obesity. The UN agency plans to update the recommendations as new data becomes available and, by 2026, work with partners to ensure access to GLP-1 therapy for those who need it most.

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December 2, 2025 Refugees and migrants

Violent attacks on villages and the rapid spread of violence into previously safe areas have forced nearly 100,000 Mozambicans to flee their homes in the past two weeks alone.

Speaking from the conflict-torn Erati region in the north of the country, UNHCR spokesman Xavier Creasch said tens of thousands of displaced people were living in makeshift shelters and overcrowded school classrooms.

"Coordinated attacks [by ISIS-affiliated militants] in several areas at once are creating enormous challenges for humanitarian workers, who are having to repeatedly increase emergency aid deliveries in different parts of the country," he said. "Unfortunately, we lack resources."

Violence that erupted in 2017 in the country's northernmost province of Cabo Delgado forced more than 1.3 million people to flee their homes. This year, it has spread beyond the province's borders, threatening communities that previously hosted displaced families, according to UNHCR.

People who have reached safety say they fled in fear after armed groups stormed their villages at night, burning homes, attacking civilians and forcing families to leave without belongings or documents.

"Many civilians were killed, some were beheaded," Kreasch said. "People were forced to flee at night in complete chaos."

The fourth wave of mass migrations

This is the fourth major wave of displacement that northern Mozambique has experienced in recent months.

"The current response is insufficient," emphasized Xavier Creasch. "People urgently need help. They need food, shelter, water, and psychological support."

UNHCR estimates that $38.2 million will be required to meet growing needs in northern Mozambique in 2026. However, funding for 2025 is only 50 percent of the required amount.

Kreash said that on Tuesday morning, UNHCR staff witnessed a partial return of people to extremely insecure areas – not to resume normal life, but because of the lack of assistance and overcrowded shelters: “They felt that they too had no choice but to return.”

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