Category: Наука

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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Master's student Faculty of Information Technology Novosibirsk State University, profile "Internet of things", Dmitry Muravyov developed a system for monitoring and diagnostics of lithium-ion batteries. The solution includes a hardware module and a web service and is already available in the public domain for manufacturers and service companies.

The system allows testing batteries in various scenarios, recording their performance indicators and storing the results in a database for subsequent analysis.

— The main goal of the development is to increase the level of safety of devices using lithium-ion batteries as the main power source, — explains the author of the project Dmitry Muravyov. According to him, the development opens up opportunities for conducting not only standard measurements, but also regression and stress tests, which is especially important for checking the reliability of power sources.

Lithium-ion batteries are used everywhere today, from smartphones and laptops to electric vehicles and medical equipment. Their widespread use makes the issue of reliability and diagnostic accuracy especially relevant. Companies that develop or service devices with such batteries are interested in control tools that allow for a quick and objective assessment of the battery condition.

Dmitry Muravyov's development consists of two parts. The hardware part of the device is assembled from widely available components that can be purchased inexpensively on marketplaces. It allows you to set charging and discharging profiles, record operating parameters and transfer them via Wi-Fi to a web service or write them to an SD card. The built-in display shows the indicators in real time. The web service provides control of the device, allows you to set complex testing scenarios and analyze data.

“We made the system as accessible as possible – the code is written in Python, and anyone with basic programming skills can modify it to suit their own needs,” notes Dmitry Muravyov.

According to the project's scientific director, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Information Technology at NSU Alexander Vlasov, the idea of creating an open system was born as a result of cooperation with the YADRO company, which is the largest domestic manufacturer of computing equipment.

— Batteries are an integral part of many computing devices, and monitoring their condition is necessary both at the production stage and in research tasks at the design stage. We saw that the market lacks accessible open source solutions, so the appearance of such a tool is an important step, — says Alexander Vlasov. The prototype of the solution was created at the YADRO Laboratory at NSU with active consultation of the company's employees.

There are already devices for testing batteries on the market, however, as Dmitry Muravyov explains, they have significant limitations: low measurement accuracy, closed software without the possibility of modification, lack of remote control and flexible testing scenarios.

“The lack of a solution free of these shortcomings became an incentive to create our own system,” the developer emphasizes.

Today, the project is at the MVP (minimum viable product) stage. The system is already operational and allows for various testing scenarios. The limitations are charging voltage up to 4.6 V and maximum current up to 1.6 A. But the main thing is that the solution is completely open: the circuits can be assembled from available components, and the software can be downloaded from GitHub. This makes the system accessible to both researchers and companies that need their own battery quality control tool.

— It is very important that such developments appear in the public domain. In Russia, the segment of battery testing tools is poorly developed, and the emergence of publicly available solutions develops the entire industry. This is useful both for the IT business and for the country as a whole. In the YADRO laboratory, we try to promote exactly such useful projects from the point of view of the general infrastructure. Directly, in a project like Dmitry's, it is difficult to trace the benefit, but we hope that our devices, which we use every day, will become a little safer and more reliable, — notes Alexander Vlasov.

Dmitry Muravyov himself emphasizes that he is ready to develop the project if interested partners appear. In the meantime, his system has already found practical application: a similar device was assembled and tried to be used by one of the Novosibirsk organizations working with equipment, where it is also necessary to test power elements.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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SIBUR and Novosibirsk State University (NSU) signed an agreement on joint work in the field of science, education and polymer technologies on the sidelines of the Technoprom-2025 forum. The document was signed by SIBUR PolyLab CEO Konstantin Vernigorov and NSU Rector Mikhail Fedoruk.

The cooperation covers a wide range of areas: from joint research and development in the field of polymer solutions to support for student and scientific start-ups and accelerators. Much attention will be paid to training a new generation of personnel – students, postgraduates and young researchers who will be able to join projects at the intersection of science and industry.

In work on joint projects, NSU acts as the lead organization of a consortium that includes leading research organizations.

"Science and industry are stronger when they work together. We view our partnership with NSU as an opportunity to jointly develop advanced polymer solutions for key sectors of the economy. The combination of the university's academic expertise and SIBUR PolyLab's applied competencies opens up new horizons for solving non-standard problems and training the personnel of the future," emphasized Konstantin Vernigorov, PhD in Chemistry, CEO of the SIBUR PolyLab ecosystem of applied development centers.

Among the tasks that NSU and SIBUR will work on in the near future are increasing the efficiency of production processes, jointly developing new solutions and expanding the scope of polymer applications, as well as modeling the testing of large-sized polymer products.

"NSU is part of the largest Siberian scientific cluster, which largely determines the trajectory of development of Russian science. An important element of the university's strategy is the intensification of cooperation with industrial partners, the development of new approaches, methods and technologies that are used in various sectors of the economy. Cooperation with SIBUR opens up new horizons for us: joint projects will allow us to integrate scientific research and development into real technological processes and strengthen the preparation of students for work in high-tech industries," said Mikhail Fedoruk, Rector of Novosibirsk State University, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor.

Siberia is traditionally considered the center of Russian science — unique research schools, institutes and unique infrastructure are concentrated here. At the same time, the region is the basis of SIBUR's production capacity: the largest petrochemical cluster in Russia has been formed in Western Siberia, the core of which is ZapSibNeftekhim — the largest petrochemical complex in the country with a capacity of more than 2.5 million tons of polymers per year. It is here that the company's core competencies in the field of hydrocarbon processing and the production of synthetic materials, which are widely in demand in the production of consumer goods, construction, agriculture, transport and medicine, are concentrated. The integration of NSU into SIBUR's strategic initiatives enhances the importance of the region as a point of attraction for innovation and makes it a key platform for the formation of scientific and educational ecosystems in the interests of the entire country.

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Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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Gazprom Neft will support scientific research, technological and educational programs in the Novosibirsk Region. Together with NSU experts, the company will improve digital tools for studying the subsurface, modeling underground operations and creating advanced algorithms for analyzing geological data.

Novosibirsk State University, with the participation of oil workers, will develop in-demand scientific areas, laboratory facilities, and scientific and educational programs to train in-demand specialists for the domestic fuel and energy complex. NSU will modernize its research infrastructure and take part in the development of software and technological solutions for the oil and gas industry.

The Novosibirsk Region Government will assist in the implementation of technological and educational initiatives of Gazprom Neft and NSU. The region will support the development of scientific and service centers based on the university, and will also attract scientific organizations, high-tech businesses and industrial companies of the region to promising projects, ensure the launch and acceleration of startups, and the development of services, including areas of analytics and expertise.

Sergey Doctor, Head of Production Department, Gazprom Neft

"Strategic cooperation with one of the largest scientific centers of the country and the Novosibirsk region will help in the implementation of projects that are significant for our company and the entire fuel and energy complex. We will engage in both fundamental research and applied developments to solve specific production problems. The partnership will allow us to shorten the cycle of testing and implementation of technologies, as well as focus on priority tasks for the extraction of "difficult" reserves and the training of new generation professionals."

Irina Manuilova, Deputy Governor of Novosibirsk Region:

"We systematically support the development of scientific and technical projects, creating favorable conditions for the creation of new research infrastructure, launching startups and realizing the technological potential of industrial residents of the scientific and technological park of the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok. Strategic cooperation with Gazprom Neft and Novosibirsk State University is a step towards turning our region into a major center of scientific and industrial competencies at the federal level."

Sergey Golovin, Director of the Advanced Engineering School of NSU:

Gazprom Neft is a leader not only in the development of oil and gas technologies, but also in a systematic approach to forming relationships with leading universities. NSU was one of the first to join the company's partner universities, and this cooperation laid the foundation for the growth of the oil and gas direction at the Gazpromneft-NSU Scientific and Educational Center and the NSU PIS. The cooperation strategy for the next three years records the results achieved and sets guidelines for further development. For us, this means entering new topics related to technologies for working in Arctic conditions, scaling up research in the Digital Core direction, developing new geological exploration technologies, creating industry software, and performing service work."

Reference:

The new agreement continues the cooperation between Gazprom Neft, the Government of the Novosibirsk Region and Novosibirsk State University. The partners are jointly developing a laboratory complex for research in the field of enhanced oil recovery based on the Siberian Ring Photon Source (SKIF) project in the science city of Koltsovo. In addition, startups and residents of the scientific and technological park of the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok of NSU, with the support of the company and the university, are working on projects in the field of oil and gas services and digital solutions for solving applied problems in the oil and gas industry.

NSU has an advanced engineering school, Cognitive Engineering, where a new generation of specialists in geology, geophysics and mathematical modeling is being formed. Together with Gazprom Neft, the university has launched three master's programs aimed at training specialists in oil engineering and digital modeling of processes in the fuel and energy complex. Students are involved in solving real problems in the industry, gain access to modern digital platforms and practical cases.

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Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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Novosibirsk State University and Binnopharm Group, one of the largest pharmaceutical manufacturers in Russia, have agreed to cooperate in the educational and research fields. The corresponding agreement was signed today at the international forum for technological development Technoprom-2025. The university will train specialists for the company within the framework of the new master's program Industrial Pharmacy, which opened this year at the Institute of Medicine and Medical Technologies (IMMT) of NSU.

— Biotechnology and medical research are one of the priority areas that will be developed on the basis of the infrastructure of the new educational and scientific center of the NSU IMMT and the NSU research center, which are objects of the NSU campus under construction. Also this year we launched new educational programs, including the specialty "Medical Cybernetics". Partnership with one of the market leaders will allow us to adapt our educational programs to the current requirements of pharmaceutical manufacturers and train specialists who will be in demand in the labor market. And also to work at the forefront of science in the field of medical biotechnology and the development of new drugs, — commented the rector of NSU, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mikhail Fedoruk.

The infrastructure of the new NSU campus, which is one of the priority projects for the development of the Novosibirsk Region and is being implemented within the framework of the federal project “Creation of a network of modern campuses” of the national project “Youth and Children”, allows working with a wide range of technological platforms – from gene therapy to cellular technologies, which is intended to make a significant contribution to achieving the goal of ensuring technological leadership of the country.

The future campus space will meet modern requirements and demands of the student community. Design solutions will allow creating unique scientific and educational centers, as well as additional coworking areas. The campus will serve as the foundation for a modern comfortable environment for students and teachers.

— Pharmaceuticals is one of the most dynamic and knowledge-intensive industries. Success here is determined not only by fundamental knowledge, but also by the ability to innovate, so for us, the partnership with NSU is a strategic investment in the future of the industry, — noted Tatyana Fedchenko, Director of HR and Organizational Development at Binnopharm Group. — Binnopharm Group systematically builds work with the country's leading universities. We organize internships, practical training and excursions so that students can get acquainted with modern production during their studies. This year alone, more than 200 students have completed such programs. This allows us not only to fill vacancies, but to attract motivated and promising specialists to the company who are already familiar with our standards.

In addition to cooperation in implementing the master's program, NSU plans to launch educational courses for additional professional education in order to train specialists with unique competencies required for the enterprises of Binnopharm Group. This concerns postgraduate training in the field of pharmacy.

In the future, it is planned to expand the scope of cooperation and conduct joint research projects in the field of biomedical developments that are relevant to the modern scientific agenda.

— The cooperation between NSU and the Binnopharm Group company will allow us to more effectively build the entire chain of product creation: starting with joint development based on our laboratories, the release of pilot industrial batches and ending with further scaling at the company's production sites, — said Yulia Samoilova, Director of the NSU Institute of Medical Technologies.

In order to implement the full cycle of development of innovative medical products and drugs, as well as bring them to the stage of production of pilot industrial series under GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) conditions, a complex of high-tech clean rooms and laboratories that meet the most stringent international standards will be created at the university on the basis of the new campus.

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Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and Novosibirsk State University (NSU) have signed an agreement to open a joint clinical research center "West-East". The goal of the strategic partnership between the country's two leading research universities is to organize and conduct clinical research, create breakthrough technologies and innovative drugs for practical healthcare. Vice-Rector for Scientific and Technological Development of the First Moscow State Medical University Vadim Tarasov and Rector of NSU Mikhail Fedoruk signed the document on August 27 at the XII international forum "Technoprom-2025" in Novosibirsk.

The Clinical Research Center of the First Moscow State Medical University and Novosibirsk State University will begin its work in September 2025 and its activities will have two key areas. The first is conducting clinical trials of drugs. Combining the resources of two leading Russian universities will solve the problem of patient recruitment for pharmaceutical companies by coordinating actions in the Western European (based on Sechenov University) and Eastern European (based on NSU) parts of the country.

The second direction is joint exploratory research to create innovative medical technologies. The partners will direct part of the funds received from the commercial activities of the center to their development.

— To implement this strategic direction, we are combining the capabilities of two universities. On the part of Sechenov University, this is medical industry expertise and our unique competencies in the field of drug development and bringing them to market, — Vadim Tarasov commented on the signing of the document. — Our specialists have successfully developed and introduced into production more than 200 drugs, conducted more than 300 preclinical and more than a thousand clinical studies, including studies of the first coronavirus vaccine "Sputnik V". We carry out all stages of drug development – from the stage of molecule selection to the submission of a registration dossier in accordance with Russian and international standards. Together with Novosibirsk State University, we plan to create a system for financing exploratory research at the expense of profits received for conducting clinical trials. We are talking about joint research to create breakthrough medical technologies and innovative drugs using artificial intelligence and X-ray structural analysis of molecules. The combination of these technologies will significantly speed up and reduce the cost of developing innovative drugs.

The Medical Research and Educational Center of the Institute of Medicine and Medical Technologies (IMMT) of NSU will become the platform for the Eastern European segment of the clinical center. The Institute has unique technological platforms and a ready-made research infrastructure, which creates a solid foundation for its development and allows it to begin implementing specific scientific and clinical tasks.

— The infrastructure created at NSU for conducting fundamental research, including the unique educational and research station SKIF-NSU, the construction of which will be completed this year, will allow us to exchange experience, expand the clinical base, initiate new projects, and also shorten the path of a drug from the first phase of clinical trials to the launch of a finished product on the market, — said Yulia Samoilova, Director of the Institute of Medicine and Medical Technologies of NSU.

She also noted that today most clinical trials are conducted in central Russia. Now that a similar center will be created beyond the Urals, new opportunities will appear for expanding cooperation with drug manufacturers from the BRICS countries, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, China and India, for whom it is more convenient from a logistical point of view to interact with research centers located in Siberia.

The West-East Center is equipped with all the necessary equipment for conducting clinical research and testing of medical products, including innovative ones that have no analogues on the market. In the future, NSU and Sechenov University plan to launch joint network educational programs in the field of medical and pharmaceutical education, including programs for additional professional education.

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Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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Yesterday, Novosibirsk State University hosted a meeting with the president of the InfoWatch group of companies and co-founder of Kaspersky Lab Natalya Kasperskaya, who came to Novosibirsk to participate in the international forum for technological development Technoprom-2025.

During her visit to the university, she became acquainted with the developments of NSU innovation centers, including the Center for Artificial Intelligence, discussed possible options for cooperation with the university and held a meeting with students, teachers and staff of the university, where they discussed a number of current issues in the field of information technology and ensuring Russia's technological sovereignty.

— To develop the information technology industry, we need a developed ecosystem with different layers. This includes the production of element base, our own developed microelectronic industry, and the presence of research centers, laboratories, including in universities, where fundamentally new solutions are created, and, of course, a system for training personnel who are focused on the development of IT here, with us. We practically do not have this ecosystem, domestic microelectronics is dying, it was not so much Russian as foreign companies that invested in education, and a whole generation of specialists grew up who believe that we have nothing of our own, all the optimal solutions and technologies are created in the West. And now we need to do something about it, — Natalya Kasperskaya shared her position.

She admitted that she does not see any quick and easy ways out of the current situation, but noted that certain steps are being taken. At first, the departure of Western companies opened up space for growth for Russian developers, but this growth not only led to a multiple increase in income, but also exacerbated the shortage of personnel in the industry.

— Now the state, represented by the Ministry of Digital Development, intends to stimulate IT companies to more actively participate in the training of future specialists. “Companies with a turnover of over a billion rubles a year have been given a simple condition — if they do not cooperate with universities, they will be deprived of accreditation, which means a significant increase in taxes paid. Moreover, this cooperation cannot be limited to supplying universities with equipment and software. IT companies will be required to send employees to teach at universities, organize internships and invest in research and development,” she explained.

This year, this format will be tested as a pilot at a number of large companies, and from next year it will become mandatory for all those whose revenue exceeds a billion. But this will only affect IT companies that have already firmly established themselves in the market, and will not affect startups.

Also during the meeting, they discussed the prospects for the development of generative artificial intelligence, primarily large language models like ChatGPT. According to Natalya Kaspersky, this technology is greatly overestimated and in the near future it will face a stage of decline and a certain disappointment.

— At first, while the same ChatGPT was trained with texts created by people, it showed impressive results, then, when neural networks began to learn on content generated by other neural networks, the quality began to fall. But if you do not remove people from this process, then the very meaning of using neural networks is lost, — she emphasized. And she suggested that it would be more relevant and useful to focus on the development of other artificial intelligence technologies, in particular, autonomous control systems for unmanned vehicles, the use of AI in processing medical analysis data and other areas where it will take on routine work, but issue recommendations, rather than make decisions.

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On August 27, as part of the international forum for technological development "Technoprom-2025", a joint meeting of the Academies of Sciences of Russia and West African countries "Russia – Sahel: Dialogue of Academies of Sciences" will be held. Such an event is being held for the first time in the history of modern Russia. Its participants will be the heads of the Academies of Sciences of three countries – Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger; the Russian side will be represented by Sergey Aldoshin, Vice President of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Irina Abramova, Director of the Institute of African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences; RAS academicians – Chairman of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valentin Parmon and Rector of NSU Mikhail Fedoruk; Dmitry Savelyev, member of the Committee on International Affairs of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

The main goal of the meeting is to formalize scientific cooperation, exchange experience in the institutional development of academies, and discuss the possibility of implementing joint research initiatives in priority areas for the Sahel states: agriculture, water resources, medicine, renewable energy, and peaceful nuclear energy.

— In the current foreign policy context, the development of institutional ties between the Russian academic community and scientific institutions in African countries, primarily the member states of the Confederation of Sahel States (CSAS): Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, is of particular importance. These countries have recently begun to more comprehensively develop their own systems of science and higher education. Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger have young academies of sciences that were created several years ago. Knowing the 300-year history of the development of the Russian Academy of Sciences, they are interested in partnership with us, which will help them coordinate the direction of development of their own scientific sphere, — commented Natalia Krasovskaya, Director of the Center for Public Diplomacy.

The joint meeting will feature Pako Sereme, President of the National Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters of Burkina Faso; Adama Traore, President of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Mali; Yenikoye Alhassan, President of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Niger; and the ambassadors of these republics will also take part in the event.

— Development of cooperation with West African countries in the educational and scientific spheres is one of the important areas of international activity of Novosibirsk State University. In 2024-2025, we have already signed agreements with Thomas Sankara University (Burkina Faso) and Abdou Moumouni University (Niger). Together with the Russian House in Niger, we launched a preparatory department for medical and biological training, and also opened online courses in Russian language at Thomas Sankara University in Burkina Faso. In addition, our university plans to organize scientific internships for young scientists and master's students from Burkina Faso lasting 3-6 months. We are also negotiating with the University of Saint Dominic (USDAO) from Burkina Faso on joint training of medical personnel, — said NSU Rector, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mikhail Fedoruk.

Among the issues planned to be discussed at the meeting:

1. Exchange of scientific personnel, organization of internships for members of African national academies in Russia.

2. Creation of joint scientific laboratories and research centers in the fields of agriculture, water resources, medicine, renewable energy, and in the field of peaceful use of nuclear energy.

3. Participation of African scientists in Russian grant and research programs.

4. Promotion of Russian citation indices and the RAS “white list” as an alternative to the Western model.

5. Implementation of the regional-industry principle of functioning of the academies of sciences of the ACS countries, as the most successful model that has proven itself in Russia.

6. Assistance in the formation of highly qualified personnel for fundamental research in the ACS countries.

The result of the meeting will be the establishment of a regular dialogue between the Academies of Sciences with the Sahel countries and the signing of agreements between scientific institutions of these countries, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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The discovery of a new class of chemical compounds, the study of general trends in the change of the atomic structures of carbonates was the result of a ten-year study conducted by Associate Professor Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk State University Pavel Gavryushkin.

Back in November, the scientist successfully defended his doctoral dissertation "Crystal chemistry of carbonates under extreme pressures and temperatures based on the results of a comprehensive theoretical and experimental study." The defense took place at the Academic Council of Lomonosov Moscow State University and was the result of a comprehensive study that combined the efforts of both Russian and foreign theorists and experimenters. In June, the diploma conferring the academic degree of Doctor of Chemical Sciences to Pavel Gavryushkin was personally presented by the rector of Moscow State University, Academician Viktor Antonovich Sadovnichy.

Subduction is a geological process in which one oceanic plate moves (geologists say "dives") under a continental plate, thus sinking into the depths of the Earth's mantle. This process occurs in deep-sea trenches that run along the boundaries of continents.

It is difficult to establish exactly how deep this submersion occurs; available geophysical and geochemical data indicate that subducting oceanic plates can reach the lower mantle and even the mantle-core boundary. During this submersion, carbonates deposited on the surfaces of oceanic plates experience enormous pressures of up to 125 GPa and temperatures of up to 300 K. At such pressures, minerals undergo a variety of phase transformations, including melting and decomposition; the resulting carbon dioxide can return to the atmosphere during the eruption of volcanoes in island-arc complexes that form along the boundaries of subduction zones. Due to the extremely high pressures and temperatures, the study of these transitions requires special equipment or special modeling methods, which are usually performed on supercomputers.

— As part of my research, I set a goal — to determine how the atomic structures of carbonates will change under high pressures and temperatures. The structures they have in near-surface conditions are well known and have been studied for over 100 years, but what happens to it in the Earth's mantle, especially in its lower horizons, has only recently begun to be studied, and many questions remained. But to establish this, it is necessary to either compress and heat a carbonate sample to high pressures and temperatures, or simulate the process on a computer. The first option is expensive, labor-intensive and requires the use of synchrotrons, presses, diamond cells, etc. The second method also has its limitations, but it is still more flexible and less expensive. As part of my dissertation, I both performed calculations and conducted experiments. Several times I managed to implement an ideal scheme, when the calculation yields a very interesting result and it is precisely confirmed in the experiment. This does not always happen, but it cannot be said that it is rare. In general, the theory and calculations have now reached a high level of reliability, and if everything is done correctly, they can be trusted when planning an experiment. In particular, with the help of calculations, we were able to consider a wide range of carbonates, including Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, which allowed us to generalize the general patterns of structural changes that occur at high pressures to them, – said Pavel Gavryushkin.

The research was conducted over a period of 10 years, some experiments, especially those involving synchrotron radiation, were conducted jointly with foreign colleagues from Japan, Slovenia, Sweden, the USA and Germany. Breakthrough results in the synthesis of orthocarbonates predicted by the scientist were obtained jointly with colleagues from Goethe University (Germany, Frankfurt am Main) and the GFZ center (Potsdam). As part of this study, Pavel Gavryushkin and his colleagues showed that in the high-pressure region, carbonates can react with oxides, yielding orthocarbonates. This was predicted by theoretical methods and subsequently confirmed in numerous experiments.

— It was possible to establish that in carbonates, under high pressure and high temperature, a rearrangement of atoms occurs, somewhat similar to that which occurs when graphite is transformed into diamond. In carbonate, as in graphite, carbon has a triangular coordination, and in orthocarbonate, as in diamond, it has a tetrahedral coordination. We assume that the reaction of formation of orthocarbonates, in particular magnesium orthocarbonate, can not only be carried out in idealized laboratory conditions, but can also take place in the deep shells of the Earth, fundamentally influencing the global carbon cycle.

The use of computational methods allowed us to move purposefully in setting up the experiment and concentrate on promising results. New phases stable at high pressures were discovered for CaCO3, SrCO3, BaCO3, PbCO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3 and FeCO3, the possibility of forming orthocarbonates as a result of the reaction of carbonates and oxides in the region of high pressures and temperatures was shown, and the existence of pyrocarbonate structures of CaC2O5 and BaC2O5 and orthooxalate for FeC2O5 was revealed. Pavel Gavryushkin's colleagues noted the novelty of this study for high-pressure crystallography and its significant contribution to modern crystal chemistry of inorganic compounds, which was enriched with examples of new types of structures containing orthooxalate [O3C–CO3] groups, pyrocarbonate [C2O5] groups, and tetrahedral [CO4] groups.

— In the theoretical part of the study, first-principles methods of structure prediction based on evolutionary approaches and random structure generation were used to determine the structure of high-pressure phases and construct their phase diagrams. Energy optimization in all cases was carried out within the framework of the density functional theory. The lattice dynamics method within the quasi-harmonic approximation was used to calculate the Gibbs free energies. The dynamic stability of the phases was estimated by calculating the phonon dispersion curves. In some cases, molecular dynamics modeling was also carried out. The VASP, USPEX, Phonopy, and ToposPro software packages were used to conduct the research. All this together allowed for a reliable prediction of new structures stable at high pressures, — the scientist said.

The main part of the experiments on the synthesis of the predicted structures was carried out at high pressures using the synchrotron radiation sources Spring8 (Japan), APS (USA), DESY (Germany) and the Siberian Center for Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation (Russia). The experiments were carried out in diamond cells and in multi-punch apparatuses.

X-ray diffraction analysis of powder and single-crystal samples, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to diagnose phases in the high-pressure region. Sample compositions were determined using microprobe analysis and scanning electron microscopy.

— The data we have obtained expands the existing knowledge about the global processes that occur in the depths of our planet. Now we know more about what happens to carbonates when they are immersed to depth. Man has so far managed to drill only to a depth of 12.2 km. This is the depth of the Kola Superdeep Borehole. In our calculations and experiments, we went to a depth of 3,000 km and made a forecast of what might happen to carbonates there. It is possible to study the structure of the Earth using seismic methods, shining sound waves through the thickness of the earth. These methods say very little about the properties of the substance and say nothing about its composition and structure. This information must be obtained from an experiment, from a calculation, or from natural samples. Each of these sources of information has both serious advantages and serious disadvantages, and only their combined use can truly expand our knowledge of the structure of the Earth. I hope that the theoretical and experimental data I have obtained will allow us to at least make a little progress on this path, — concluded Pavel Gavryushkin.

Material prepared by: Elena Panfilo, NSU press service

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Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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The Perseid meteor shower is the brightest astronomical event of August. The activity of this shower is observed for about a month – from mid-July to August 20, but it is uneven. The maximum level of activity falls on the night of August 12-13.

Composite image from the night of August 10/11, a total of 20 meteors, including 8 Perseids. Taken near the village of Novopichugovo, about 50 km from Novosibirsk, from 23:55 to 3:44, Pentax KP camera, shutter speed 13 seconds, focal length 16 mm.

A meteor shower is an ordered flow of particles in space, ejected from cometary matter and rotating around the parent comet. If we talk about the Perseid shower, its particles were once ejected by comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle under the influence of heating by the Sun.

When the Earth, in its orbit, crosses such a stream, it encounters many particles that fly in nearly parallel courses along a radiant from some prominent constellation. Meteors generated by such particles appear in the sky as if they were flying from a single point, called the radiant of the meteor shower. The radiant of the Perseids during the period of activity drifts through the constellation Cassiopeia, whose bright stars form a W-shaped figure in the sky, and the constellation Perseus, from which the stream takes its name.

Another parameter is ZHR, the zenith hourly number, which characterizes the activity of the shower. It shows how many meteors an observer will be able to see under ideal conditions. For the Perseids, the ZHR is usually around 120, meaning that under ideal conditions, amateur astronomers can observe up to 2 meteors per minute.

The Perseids are one of several meteor showers visible from the Earth's surface, but one of the strongest. In addition, its visibility from Earth coincides with the summer period, when conditions for observation are most comfortable. These factors determine its greatest fame and popularity.

This year, the maximum activity level of the Perseids almost coincides with the full moon. Thus, the light from the full moon will interfere with meteor observations. You can go out of town at least 50 km for better visibility. It is definitely not worth missing the opportunity to observe one of the most powerful meteor showers. Especially since we still have about a week to enjoy an unforgettable spectacle. And although the intensity of the shower will weaken, it will be more visible without the light from the full moon, which will wane over time and reduce the light.

This month we can see the conjunction of the planets Jupiter and Venus, which had a minimum separation on August 12 and 13. The planets were photographed on August 11 with a Pentax KP camera, 77 mm lens, 20 seconds exposure, ISO 500. In the photo, the planets look larger than we subjectively evaluate them visually through our eyes, because they are bright and the signal from the recorded photons "spreads" across the matrix.

Photo of the conjunction of Jupiter and Venus

Of the nearest interesting astronomical events – in September there will be the second lunar eclipse of 2025, it will be total, like the first, and will occur on the night of September 7-8 from 22:28 to 3:55 Novosibirsk time, the shadow phase – from 23:27 to 2:56, and the total eclipse will last from 0:31 to 1:52. The maximum shadow phase will be observed at 1:12 and will be 136.8%. This is a fairly deep phase, near the maximum of the eclipse the Moon will probably have a dark red color, although the exact brightness of the lunar disk will depend on how much the earth's atmosphere is saturated with dust, refracting sunlight, and to a greater extent its red component, which gives a crimson-red tint to the lunar disk during total lunar eclipses. For Novosibirsk, the time of the eclipse is very favorable, it will be visible in its entirety when the Moon is high above the horizon. Also, the eclipse will be visible in its entirety or almost in its entirety over most of Russia, with the exception of the extreme western regions of the country and the Far East, where it will be partially visible. And in general, the eclipse will be clearly visible over most of the territory of the eastern hemisphere of the Earth.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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Meditation can not only improve emotional well-being, but also influence the speech functions of the brain, according to the results of a research project by a bachelor's degree graduate Humanitarian Institute Novosibirsk State University in the field of "Fundamental and Applied Linguistics" by Nadezhda Istomina. The results were obtained using electroencephalography (EEG) and concern both speech and motor (non-speech) control of behavior. Her project is part of a larger study conducted by a team led by the head of the laboratory of psychological genetics of the ICG SB RAS and the department of fundamental and applied linguistics of the Humanities Institute of NSU, Doctor of Philosophy Alexander Savostyanov.

— We studied how brain reactions differ in people who practice meditation and those who do not. It turned out that the brain of meditating participants reacts more actively to speech errors. Their neural response was stronger and faster. This indicates a more developed mechanism of speech control, — said Nadezhda Istomina.

The experiments were conducted at the Baikal Meditation Center in Buryatia back in 2018, where the participants were people who had been practicing Buddhist samadhi meditation for a long time, and a control group that had no meditative experience. A total of 204 EEG recordings were analyzed. The participants performed two tasks: stopping a previously started movement on a signal (motor control) and looking for grammatical errors in sentences (speech control).

— The example sentences were as simple as possible, so that even a child could handle them. This helped us focus on the brain’s reaction, not on the complexity of the text. We didn’t want to test grammar knowledge, but to understand how quickly and vividly the brain reacts to an error, — Nadezhda explained.

The most striking differences between the groups were found in speech control. Meditators showed a stronger neural response to speech errors than non-meditators. This effect was independent of age, gender, or personality traits such as anxiety.

For motor control, the differences were less pronounced.

"Here, personality traits played a major role – anxiety, neuroticism level and age. The influence of meditation itself was weaker," she noted.

However, one of the most interesting discoveries concerned the relationship between speech and motor control. Meditators showed a significant correlation between these two systems in the left frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex – in Broca's area, which is responsible for controlling the correctness of speech. No such relationship was observed in the control group. This may indicate that the brain of meditators coordinates speech and motor processes more closely.

"We have shown for the first time that meditation can not only improve general health, but also establish new connections between speech and motor functions in the brain. This opens up interesting prospects – both for science and, possibly, for practice," Nadezhda emphasized.

The study is not yet complete — the work is ongoing, and in the future it is planned to study other possible correlations and mechanisms of the influence of meditative practices on cognitive functions. The team working on the project hopes that the data obtained will help to better understand how meditation affects the brain, and possibly use this knowledge in the treatment of speech disorders or cognitive disorders.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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