Category: Наука

Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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The Perseid meteor shower is the brightest astronomical event of August. The activity of this shower is observed for about a month – from mid-July to August 20, but it is uneven. The maximum level of activity falls on the night of August 12-13.

Composite image from the night of August 10/11, a total of 20 meteors, including 8 Perseids. Taken near the village of Novopichugovo, about 50 km from Novosibirsk, from 23:55 to 3:44, Pentax KP camera, shutter speed 13 seconds, focal length 16 mm.

A meteor shower is an ordered flow of particles in space, ejected from cometary matter and rotating around the parent comet. If we talk about the Perseid shower, its particles were once ejected by comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle under the influence of heating by the Sun.

When the Earth, in its orbit, crosses such a stream, it encounters many particles that fly in nearly parallel courses along a radiant from some prominent constellation. Meteors generated by such particles appear in the sky as if they were flying from a single point, called the radiant of the meteor shower. The radiant of the Perseids during the period of activity drifts through the constellation Cassiopeia, whose bright stars form a W-shaped figure in the sky, and the constellation Perseus, from which the stream takes its name.

Another parameter is ZHR, the zenith hourly number, which characterizes the activity of the shower. It shows how many meteors an observer will be able to see under ideal conditions. For the Perseids, the ZHR is usually around 120, meaning that under ideal conditions, amateur astronomers can observe up to 2 meteors per minute.

The Perseids are one of several meteor showers visible from the Earth's surface, but one of the strongest. In addition, its visibility from Earth coincides with the summer period, when conditions for observation are most comfortable. These factors determine its greatest fame and popularity.

This year, the maximum activity level of the Perseids almost coincides with the full moon. Thus, the light from the full moon will interfere with meteor observations. You can go out of town at least 50 km for better visibility. It is definitely not worth missing the opportunity to observe one of the most powerful meteor showers. Especially since we still have about a week to enjoy an unforgettable spectacle. And although the intensity of the shower will weaken, it will be more visible without the light from the full moon, which will wane over time and reduce the light.

This month we can see the conjunction of the planets Jupiter and Venus, which had a minimum separation on August 12 and 13. The planets were photographed on August 11 with a Pentax KP camera, 77 mm lens, 20 seconds exposure, ISO 500. In the photo, the planets look larger than we subjectively evaluate them visually through our eyes, because they are bright and the signal from the recorded photons "spreads" across the matrix.

Photo of the conjunction of Jupiter and Venus

Of the nearest interesting astronomical events – in September there will be the second lunar eclipse of 2025, it will be total, like the first, and will occur on the night of September 7-8 from 22:28 to 3:55 Novosibirsk time, the shadow phase – from 23:27 to 2:56, and the total eclipse will last from 0:31 to 1:52. The maximum shadow phase will be observed at 1:12 and will be 136.8%. This is a fairly deep phase, near the maximum of the eclipse the Moon will probably have a dark red color, although the exact brightness of the lunar disk will depend on how much the earth's atmosphere is saturated with dust, refracting sunlight, and to a greater extent its red component, which gives a crimson-red tint to the lunar disk during total lunar eclipses. For Novosibirsk, the time of the eclipse is very favorable, it will be visible in its entirety when the Moon is high above the horizon. Also, the eclipse will be visible in its entirety or almost in its entirety over most of Russia, with the exception of the extreme western regions of the country and the Far East, where it will be partially visible. And in general, the eclipse will be clearly visible over most of the territory of the eastern hemisphere of the Earth.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Meditation can not only improve emotional well-being, but also influence the speech functions of the brain, according to the results of a research project by a bachelor's degree graduate Humanitarian Institute Novosibirsk State University in the field of "Fundamental and Applied Linguistics" by Nadezhda Istomina. The results were obtained using electroencephalography (EEG) and concern both speech and motor (non-speech) control of behavior. Her project is part of a larger study conducted by a team led by the head of the laboratory of psychological genetics of the ICG SB RAS and the department of fundamental and applied linguistics of the Humanities Institute of NSU, Doctor of Philosophy Alexander Savostyanov.

— We studied how brain reactions differ in people who practice meditation and those who do not. It turned out that the brain of meditating participants reacts more actively to speech errors. Their neural response was stronger and faster. This indicates a more developed mechanism of speech control, — said Nadezhda Istomina.

The experiments were conducted at the Baikal Meditation Center in Buryatia back in 2018, where the participants were people who had been practicing Buddhist samadhi meditation for a long time, and a control group that had no meditative experience. A total of 204 EEG recordings were analyzed. The participants performed two tasks: stopping a previously started movement on a signal (motor control) and looking for grammatical errors in sentences (speech control).

— The example sentences were as simple as possible, so that even a child could handle them. This helped us focus on the brain’s reaction, not on the complexity of the text. We didn’t want to test grammar knowledge, but to understand how quickly and vividly the brain reacts to an error, — Nadezhda explained.

The most striking differences between the groups were found in speech control. Meditators showed a stronger neural response to speech errors than non-meditators. This effect was independent of age, gender, or personality traits such as anxiety.

For motor control, the differences were less pronounced.

"Here, personality traits played a major role – anxiety, neuroticism level and age. The influence of meditation itself was weaker," she noted.

However, one of the most interesting discoveries concerned the relationship between speech and motor control. Meditators showed a significant correlation between these two systems in the left frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex – in Broca's area, which is responsible for controlling the correctness of speech. No such relationship was observed in the control group. This may indicate that the brain of meditators coordinates speech and motor processes more closely.

"We have shown for the first time that meditation can not only improve general health, but also establish new connections between speech and motor functions in the brain. This opens up interesting prospects – both for science and, possibly, for practice," Nadezhda emphasized.

The study is not yet complete — the work is ongoing, and in the future it is planned to study other possible correlations and mechanisms of the influence of meditative practices on cognitive functions. The team working on the project hopes that the data obtained will help to better understand how meditation affects the brain, and possibly use this knowledge in the treatment of speech disorders or cognitive disorders.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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Russian oilfield services company BurService has become an investor in a project that is important for the oil and gas industry, within the framework of which NSU and the company signed an agreement on the joint creation and commercialization of a new generation software package for interpreting seismic and other geological and geophysical information in order to build digital models of fields. A pilot version of the new software, ready for introduction to the market, will appear by the end of 2025.

Currently, the software for building geological and geophysical models of hydrocarbon deposits is dominated by software products from Western companies that have left the Russian market and stopped supporting their software. Many of these products have become industry standards over the past 30 years and have formed the basis for corporate solutions for all leading Russian oil companies.

— BurService and NSU are jointly solving the problem of creating a new generation software package that will ensure a seamless transition of Russian oil and gas industry enterprises from Western software to a domestic product. Our company has accumulated extensive experience working with software that occupies leading positions in the industry both at the international and Russian levels. NSU is one of the leading universities in our country, which has a rich scientific heritage of the founders of geophysical science and practice in our country, as well as modern scientific achievements, technological developments and highly qualified personnel in the field of applied mathematics, geophysics, programming, — noted the project manager from BurService Stanislav Kopunov.

The software package being developed will not only be comparable with Western analogues considered the industry standard, but will also surpass them in a number of parameters. In particular, the best practices from the experience of Russian and foreign companies are being implemented, including those based on machine learning. The product will be created based on the architecture designed by developers from Novosibirsk State University. The package will be based on the open database management system PostgreSQL and will provide multi-user distributed access, and the modern technological stack guarantees cross-platform and compatibility with various operating systems, including domestic ones.

— This is a rare case in the practice of Russian universities, when a university and private business agree on the joint development of a large software package and its promotion in the industry. This is an example of how a scientific development in the field of geological and geophysical modeling of hydrocarbon deposits, after appropriate revision and adaptation, finds further development and is introduced into the real sector of the economy, — commented Sergey Golovin, Director of the Advanced Engineering School of NSU.

The cooperation between NSU and BurService involves joint work not only on the creation of a software package, but also on its further modernization, improvement and support.

OOO BurServis is an independent Russian company, one of the largest players in the oilfield services market with its own equipment fleet, production bases and a team of over 4,000 people. Range of services: drilling and formation parameter assessment, general contracting (turnkey drilling), completion and production, project management, consulting, IT solutions, pipeline services, controlled pressure drilling.

Official company websites: VV. Burervice.ru; VBV Burervice.K.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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The 53rd IUPAC General Assembly, together with the 50th World Chemical Congress, was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on July 12-19. A special feature of the congress was the allocation of a specialized section on “Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry.” Within its framework, Associate Professor of the Department of Solid State Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences of NSU, Senior Researcher at the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS Anna Nartova gave an invited talk on “Artificial Neural Networks for Microscopic Data Analysis,” in which she presented the iOk online platform to the global scientific community (HTTP: //yok. HSSU.ru/), developed by scientists from Novosibirsk State University as part of the program "Priority 2030".

This platform includes a set of digital services for automatic image analysis using deep machine learning and artificial intelligence methods. Three services are freely available on the platform. Universal Telegram service No Code ML (HTTPS: //t. T.NSU_ML_VOT) is designed for classical training of neural networks on user datasets. The second service is DLgram (HTTPS: //t. TA/NANOPARITICLECLY_NSK) — is designed to recognize multiple homogeneous objects of various natures. Includes training of the neural network by the user using a marked area from the same image. Online service ParticlesNN (HTTP: // Partiklesnn.NSU.ru/) is designed for automatic recognition of nanoparticles in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and electron microscopy (EM) images by a trained neural network. Cloud services No Code ML and DLgram provide training of a neural network on user objects, automatic recognition of objects in images and the ability to adjust the recognition results by the user. They also analyze the detected objects and determine their parameters, such as quantity, size, area and concentration. The services are able to work with various images – pictures from electron microscopes, photographs from digital cameras (including smartphones). They recognize various objects: nanoparticles, microorganisms, cells, plant seeds, as well as larger objects – animals, plants, various parts, vehicles and much more. At the same time, to work with the services, the user does not need to have any special programming skills or understand neural networks. Preliminary image processing is also not needed. The results are provided in the form of information about all detected objects, and the user can adjust them if necessary. Currently, hundreds of researchers from all over the world use the developed services. At the same time, the services are most in demand by specialists working with images obtained using various types of microscopy.

– In general, the section “Artificial intelligence in chemistry”, despite the fact that the direction only – only the beginning to form and the number of reports was inferior to other, more traditional sections, was perhaps the most popular from the audience. Among the speakers there were many representatives of Russia. Nash the lecture aroused a very great interest in the audience. A lot of listeners went to her purposefully. Such an increased interest in our online platform is due to several reasons, including the fact that we promoted it at several scientific conferences. A number of articles were published, including in high -rated scientific journals. And, I must say that our team, in which A.V. Matveev and A.G. Okunev, was one of the first in the world to present their developments in this direction. Then, single work was devoted to this topic, and we walked alone with them and at times even ahead of them. Now their avalanche is huge, but we still recorded our championship. And even more so, we were the first to offer a “platform approach” when users are offered a ready -made service, and not just a code. At the moment, we have formed our own circle of users, so we received an invitation to make a lecture at this Congress. It was very pleasant to know that our development is known not only in Russia, but also in the world. So, young scientists from China, Malaysia and other countries who were already familiar with our work came to our lecture. During the discussions, after the report, young chemists asked a lot of questions, in most cases, interested in not how neural networks are arranged, but how to use them as a finished tool, while avoiding teaching the Python programming language. They were interested in neural networks, when using which the programmer’s skill is not required. And our platform is just such a product, ”said Anna Nartova.  

The section participants separately discussed the problem of the activation barrier, which is of fundamental importance in the use of neural networks in chemistry. It is the need for confident programming skills and deep knowledge of neural networks. According to Anna Nartova, the platform approach is the optimal solution to eliminate it and make neural networks a tool for working in the laboratory. The section participants, working in different areas, also related to chemistry, noted: if a chemist needs to have a high enough level of Python to use a neural network as a tool, he will most likely not do this. The situation should be changed by using a platform approach, which is a ready-made product that does not require the scientist to delve into the code, but allows you to simply upload your data to the application, process it and get a ready result. In this case, the return on using neural networks is maximum.

— We started promoting the idea of implementing a platform approach to solving the problems of accessible use of neural networks for scientists who do not have programming skills at our university several years ago. Now it has become a widespread trend. The first works in the direction of using neural networks in processing microscopic images were aimed at solving some specific cases, and usually the machine learning model was posted in the public domain. In our case, firstly, we are talking about the universalization of the approach, and secondly, about the creation of applications or services that facilitate work with neural networks. Thus, at the same time, a more universal tool is being developed, designed not to solve any specific problem, and a user-oriented product is being created. Currently, there is a trend: scientists are interested in working with neural networks, but are not ready to use them if they are not applications, — Anna Nartova explained.

Anna Nartova noticed that an important part of the congress was the section on chemistry. This is due to the fact that the Chemistry Congress was combined with the Assembly of the Jupak, so not only purely scientific issues were considered. It is very important that it was, first of all, about teaching schoolchildren chemistry. Teachers in this subject became a problem for many countries whose representatives participated in Congress. In the profession of “teacher”, and in particular the “teacher of chemistry”, they go reluctantly: it is labor -intensive and responsible, but, unfortunately, does not belong to the highly paid. Colleagues from different countries noted, based on their own experience, that in order to attract students to this science, it is necessary to focus not on high -grade, but on students of the middle or even junior school link. Section participants shared work experience in different countries. The Indian chemist Udi Maitra made a report “Improving the perception of science/chemistry through simple experiments associated with everyday life.” This project is of deep humanitarian significance, spreading the natural science worldview, as well as increasing the motivation for education. The scientist from Taiwan Khsien Chang Cao presented the message “Chemistry on wheels”, in which he spoke of a huge personnel hunger, growing since 2017. Working on the problem of attracting personnel, scientists -enthusiasts with mini -laboratories go to provincial schools and show the children experiments with various chemicals and in exciting form tell the children about chemistry as an interesting science. Many of these guys at the end of school make a choice in her favor and return to their schools already as teachers of chemistry or become volunteers of educational projects. It is interesting that this work is supported by both the state and corporations, since they are very interested in improving the level of school education and attracting motivated teachers to the school. Anna Nartova noted that this work exactly corresponds to the concept of the project “Entertaining science for schoolchildren”, which has been implemented at NSU since 2009, and in recent years has been part of the school center of the Faculty of Physics of NSU. And we had something to share with colleagues in this area. 

Material prepared by: Elena Panfilo, NSU press service

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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The VII All-Russian Conference "Tumor Markers: Molecular, Genetic and Clinical Aspects" was held in Novosibirsk from July 28 to 30, 2025. The event brought together more than a hundred leading Russian specialists: opinion leaders, professors of the Russian Academy of Sciences, heads of molecular laboratories, heads of clinical departments and diagnostic centers. The central topic of discussion was the transformative role of bioinformatics in the search for new biomarkers, the development of personalized methods for diagnosing and treating cancer. Institute of Medicine and Medical Technologies of NSU (IMMT NSU) The event was presented by the head of the biotechnology and medicine department, Maria Lomova, and the head of the bioinformatics laboratory, Alexander Vikhorev.

The conference confirmed the status of bioinformatics as one of the most dynamic and sought-after scientific disciplines in modern oncology. Participants unanimously noted that without complex big data analysis, machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), further breakthroughs in understanding the mechanisms of oncogenesis and creating effective diagnostic tools are impossible.

The event became a unique platform for the formation of scientific and practical cooperation between bioinformaticians, molecular biologists and clinicians. Only the joint work of these specialists allows us to translate fundamental discoveries in the field of tumor markers into real clinical protocols.

The conference actively discussed advanced bioinformatic approaches for searching and validating new biomarkers in genomic data, platform solutions for determining the mutational status of patients. A special focus was made on the use of AI in oncology research. Participants shared their experience in using AI to analyze medical images, gene expression patterns, predict drug resistance, and develop individual treatment regimens.

— The conference clearly demonstrated that bioinformatics has ceased to be an auxiliary tool — it has become the driving force of oncological research. It is bioinformaticians, who possess methods for analyzing the most complex genomic data, who today decipher the "language" of cancer, helping to find new targets for therapy and create tests for early diagnostics. For young scientists and students, this is an area of enormous opportunities and a real contribution to saving lives, — noted Alexander Vikhorev.

The participants of the event noted that the VII All-Russian Conference "Tumor Markers" in Novosibirsk successfully fulfilled its task, providing specialists of different profiles with an important platform for professional dialogue. The exchange of relevant experience and views on the application of modern approaches will undoubtedly contribute to the development of more effective solutions in the field of oncology. The example of IMMT NSU shows that participation in such events remains significant for the scientific community and practical healthcare.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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A comparative study to identify regular phonetic correspondences between consonants in Chinese and Korean was conducted by a student of the Department of Oriental Studies Humanitarian Institute of Novosibirsk State University Artem Tashlykov. The result of the work was a summary table of regular phonetic correspondences of consonant phonemes of the Chinese and Korean languages. When compiling it, all possible syllables of the Chinese language were taken into account, as well as all syllables of the Korean language corresponding to each syllable of the Chinese language. For an objective comparison of the articulatory-acoustic characteristics of sounds, the young researcher used the methods of electroacoustic analysis – spectrography and oscillography. Artem Tashlykov conducted his research under the scientific supervision of Anton Shamrin, PhD in Philology, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Oriental Studies. This work is very important, because there are very few comparative studies on the Chinese and Korean languages in the Russian-speaking scientific space. The results of the study can be used to improve linguodidactic and methodological materials used in training specialists who speak both languages. Such employees are currently in high demand on the labor market.

— Some words in different Eastern languages sound similar to a certain extent, which causes certain difficulties for those who study them in parallel. This similarity is especially clearly expressed in vocabulary based on hieroglyphic writing. The writing of Korea and Japan has been influenced by Chinese hieroglyphic writing since ancient times, which became one of the reasons for the penetration of a certain set of hieroglyphic vocabulary into the vocabulary of these countries. When borrowing vocabulary, pronunciation was accordingly borrowed. But over time, it inevitably underwent changes. This happened, perhaps, due to the difference in the articulatory-acoustic base of these three languages. As a result, pronunciation was distorted to some extent, adapting to the set of sounds familiar to native speakers of these languages. Probably, phonetic changes that occur in all languages of the world due to their natural and logical development also made their contribution. The result of changes in the pronunciation of hieroglyphic vocabulary in Chinese and Korean was the fact that one phoneme of the Chinese language corresponds to several phonemes of the Korean language, just as one phoneme of the Korean language can correspond to several phonemes of the Chinese language. In this way, regular phonetic correspondences were formed. My goal was to identify such regular phonetic correspondences and their subsequent systematization, – said Artem Tashlykov.

The young researcher had previously compiled a list of 150 two-syllable words that had common hieroglyphic roots in both Chinese and Korean. These words were selected in such a way that it would be possible to analyze each of the phonemes presented in both languages in all variants of their implementation in speech. Then audio recordings were made of two native speakers of Chinese and two native speakers of Korean.

The informants were first asked to familiarize themselves with the given list of words and then read them out loud. In order to eliminate recording errors and expand the statistical data, each word was pronounced 4 times, with a pause between them. This helped to avoid combinatorial changes in pronunciation between words when reading. Thus, a total of 2400 audio fragments were analyzed.

In order to measure the absolute durations of sounds and to describe in detail the formant characteristics, the recorded material was analyzed using electroacoustic methods – oscillography and spectrography.

— Using an oscillogram, we can determine the boundaries of vowels and consonants, as well as the method of articulating consonants. However, using only an oscillogram, it is almost impossible to determine which sound is being pronounced. Therefore, for a more detailed analysis and determination of the row and rise of vowels, the place and method of articulating consonants, we obtained spectrograms, which are graphs of the dependence of the spectrum of sound frequencies on time. As a result of applying such a comprehensive approach, we were able to establish the degree of correspondence between similar consonant phonemes of the two languages and discover differences in the articulation and acoustic characteristics of the sounds of the Chinese and Korean languages. We compared the syllabic structures of both languages, compiled a description of the acoustic properties of the main allophones of all consonant phonemes, and made a statistical calculation of the correspondences. A total of 40 regular phonetic correspondences were established, including 32 correspondences between phonemes that have a similar method of articulation, 4 regular correspondences in the affricate-plosive pair, 3 in the fricative-plosive pair, and 1 in the affricate-fricative pair, explained Artem Tashlykov.

The young researcher compiled a table containing all the unique correspondences of syllables between Chinese and Korean, on the basis of which calculations were made, and created tables of the frequency of occurrence of phonetic correspondences. A summary table of the identified regular correspondences was also formed with a classification of phonemes by the method of articulation, which clearly demonstrated the presence or absence of regular correspondences between certain phonemes of the Chinese and Korean languages.

— My work systematizes extensive empirical material and creates a basis for further theoretical and applied research in the field of comparative phonetics of East Asian languages. And the practical significance of my research is that it contains information useful for the simultaneous study of Chinese and Korean. The results of my work can be used in the development of teaching aids and methods aimed at students who speak one of the languages and study the second, — said Artem Tashlykov.

Material prepared by: Elena Panfilo, NSU press service

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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The technology for synthesizing high-quality submicron α-Al₂O₃ powder for the production of medical ceramics using domestic raw materials was developed at the NTI Center for New Functional Materials at NSU by scientists from the Novosibirsk State Technical University NETI under the leadership of the head of the Laboratory of Ceramic and Metal-Ceramic Materials, candidate of technical sciences Sergei Veselov.

The project is being implemented with the financial support of the NTI Foundation at the Competence Center of the National Technology Initiative in the direction of "Technologies for modeling and developing new functional materials with specified properties" based at the Novosibirsk State University. As part of the project, the scientific team of the participant of the Consortium for New Functional Materials — NSTU NETI — had the goal of creating a full cycle of production of bioinert ceramics for joint endoprostheses: from the synthesis of ceramic powder to the release of finished products.

— Ceramic materials based on aluminum oxide and zirconium dioxide are widely used to manufacture endoprostheses that are subject to intense loads during operation — hip and knee joints. First of all, due to such advantages as high wear resistance, the service life of a ceramic implant reaches 20 years — unlike a metal analogue. In addition, the wear products of joint ceramics do not exhibit cytotoxicity — the materials are bioinert with respect to the human body. Today, the leaders in the production of aluminum oxide ceramics for large joints, primarily hip and knee joints, are Japan, Switzerland and Germany. In Russia, there is no production of ceramic raw materials for medical ceramics, so the country is significantly dependent on imports of ceramic components for endoprostheses. In this regard, we have set ourselves the task of developing a complete domestic production chain based on Russian components: from raw materials to finished products, — noted Sergey Veselov.

In the process of developing the technology for synthesizing submicron α-Al₂O₃ powder, the team of the ceramic and metal-ceramic materials laboratory managed to achieve additional capabilities in terms of managing the physical and mechanical properties of the final ceramic material. In particular, methods for managing the geometric characteristics of the synthesized powder were mastered, which allows obtaining ceramics with specified mechanical properties.

Experimental samples of ceramic powder developed at NSTU NETI demonstrate characteristics comparable to the products of leading global manufacturers: chemical purity of more than 99.5%, dispersion of less than 0.5 μm and phase composition of more than 99% α-Al₂O₃.

The powder synthesized in the laboratory has already been successfully tested to create alumina ceramics in laboratory conditions.

Currently, the research team led by Sergey Veselov, together with the NTI Center for New Functional Materials of NSU, has launched the process of patenting key stages of the powder creation technology. The NTI Center and its team of developers have also begun commercializing the developed materials and their production technologies. The next stage of the work is to find industrial partners for the widespread introduction of new functional materials for medicine and their production technologies into production.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

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The effect of water on the longitudinal gigahertz elastic modulus of collagen-based hydrogel was studied by a student of the Department of Physical Methods of Solid State Research using optical spectroscopy methods Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University Anna Laktionova under the scientific supervision of Valeria Zykova, PhD in Physics and Mathematics, Senior Researcher at the Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS. The data from this study became the basis for her master's thesis, which she successfully defended this year. In her work, she used optical research methods – Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering (MBS) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.

— Changes in the elastic properties of biological objects may be associated with disruptions in the functioning of living cells, in such cases, information about the elastic modulus plays a key role. Currently, a contactless and non-invasive technique for characterizing the viscoelastic properties of materials is actively developing – Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering spectroscopy (MBS), which has proven itself in application to biomedical problems. MBS spectroscopy allows obtaining information about the speed of sound in a substance and the gigahertz elastic modulus. However, when studying real biotissues, difficulties arise in interpreting experimental data that are associated with the multicomponent composition of the studied objects and small changes in the elastic modulus due to pathologies occurring in the bioobject. This is due to the fact that the main contribution to the elastic modulus value in the case of real tissues is made by the water component, the content of which is quite high for the case of biological samples. For this reason, researchers often use simpler model two-component objects instead of real tissues, which are hydrogels, in particular, collagen-based hydrogels. By varying the water content, various parameters of viscoelastic properties are achieved, thereby hydrogels imitate the properties of a wide variety of real tissues, explained Anna Laktionova.

Samples of collagen -based hydrogels with different water content were made for conducting research. Further, with the help of a number of optical techniques (RMB, cattle, low -frequency cattle and depolarized light scattering), Anna described the elastic and relaxation properties of manufactured hydrogels. Spectra measurement was made during drying of hydrogel samples in the air. This was done in order to observe how, depending on the content of water in the sample, its elastic properties are changed, determined from the parameters of the spectrum of light scattering. With the dehydration of the sample from the most hydrated state (water content of 99.5 %) to a completely dry elasticity module increases by 6 times. At the same time, significant growth is observed with protein concentrations above 60 %. For a detailed study of such behavior, two spectrometers were required to synchronously measure the spectra of RMB and CRC. In this regard, some difficulties arose. The devices were in different rooms, which could affect the accuracy of measurements: while the sample was transferred from one office to another, it could be subjected to undesirable exposure to external factors, which would lead to its additional drying. To characterize the content of water in the samples and their elastic module from the same point in the process of drying, participants in the experiment, which was conducted in the spectroscopy laboratory of the condensed media of the Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS, established a fiber -fiber channel between two spectrometers. This technical solution was implemented for the first time in Russia.

The analysis of the dependence of the Brillouin line position on the protein concentration in the hydrogel showed that the value of the gigahertz elastic modulus changes almost 6 times within the full range of concentrations (water content 0 – 100%). This is a very significant change. Earlier in the literature it was demonstrated that in the case of chemical treatments it is only a few percent. This fact fully demonstrates the strong influence of water. The resulting concentration dependence of the elastic modulus was described by a model considering the hydrogel as a rigid protein framework filled with water.

— From the analysis of the shape of the Brillouin spectrum of hydrogels, a non-trivial dependence of the Brillouin line width on the protein content was obtained. It is generally accepted, at least for single-component systems, that the Brillouin line width characterizes the viscosity of the object under study. However, in our case, everything was not so simple. When the hydrogel dried, the Brillouin line width actually increased to protein concentrations of about 70%, where the dependence extremum was observed. With further dehydration, up to completely dry collagen, the Brillouin line width narrowed. According to our assumptions, the reason for such an unexpected result lies in the influence of relaxation processes on the shape of the Brillouin spectrum of the hydrogel. To confirm this hypothesis, it was necessary to conduct a study using another spectroscopic technique – depolarized light scattering spectroscopy, – said Anna Laktionova.

A comprehensive comparison of the behavior of the RMB line width and the shape of the depolarized spectrum made it possible to verify the relaxation nature of the Brillouin line broadening with a change in water content. The results of RMB spectroscopy of hydrogels with different water contents for several temperatures (25, 0, -10 °C) additionally confirmed the influence of relaxation processes on the Brillouin line width, explained Anna Laktionova.

The analysis of the obtained results allowed us to obtain complete information on the nature of the interaction of the biopolymer matrix with the water component and to study in detail the issue of the influence of the water component on the parameters of the Brillouin spectrum of a hydrogel with different degrees of hydration. The participants of the study came to the conclusion: the work done demonstrates the prospects of the complex application of spectroscopic techniques (RMB, Raman, low-frequency Raman and depolarized light scattering) for characterizing the properties of hydrogels and studying the issue of the interaction of water with the protein matrix.

— It is very important to study the effect of water on the elastic properties of collagen-based hydrogel using optical methods, because such an object is simple enough to interpret spectral data, while it is capable of imitating the mechanical properties of more complex biological objects. This work, using such simple objects as an example, demonstrates the capabilities of optical spectroscopy methods, which in the future can be used to study more complex real tissues, — said Anna Laktionova.

Material prepared by: Elena Panfilo, NSU press service

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

The first two certificates of awarding academic degrees were presented at the Dissertation Council for Technical Sciences Faculty of Information Technology, Novosibirsk State University. Both PhD theses are devoted to computational linguistics: Dmitry Morozov developed a system for assessing the complexity of text using machine learning methods on the example of the Russian language, and Davlater Mengliev developed a hybrid algorithm for recognizing named entities in the Uzbek language. In August, another PhD thesis will be defended, which is devoted to the application of mathematical modeling methods in geophysics.

— We note the high demand for the Scientific Council for Technical Sciences created at our faculty. Its requirements for dissertation defenses are less formalized than those of the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC), but it sets higher requirements for the quality of publications. Due to these circumstances, our Council will be in demand by a number of employees of both scientific organizations and high-tech companies, for whom the procedure for defending dissertations established by us will be more convenient, but one should not assume that it is simple. This can be confirmed by our first two applicants, who submitted all the necessary documents to the Council and successfully completed all the established and strictly regulated procedures, spoke several times at seminars in front of the scientific community, received high marks for the quality of their work from specially created commissions with the involvement of experts from our Dissertation Council and external experts from several regions of our country and neighboring countries. We are glad that Dmitry Morozov and Davlater Mengliev successfully passed all these tests and their PhD diplomas have the same status as diplomas issued by the Higher Attestation Commission, said Mikhail Lavrentyev, Dean of the NSU Institute of Information Technologies and Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Head of the Department of Mathematical Modeling of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of NSU, Professor of the Department of Informatics Systems and the Department of General Informatics of the Faculty of Information Technologies of NSU, Doctor of Technical Sciences Vladimir Barakhnin noted that it is no coincidence that the first two defenses of dissertations for the degree of candidate of sciences are related to computer linguistics – this is evidence of the relevance of this topic.

— As neural networks and large language models develop, so-called glitches become more and more apparent. The abundance of information loaded onto them inevitably generates a wider range of fake information, and these models are simply no longer able to assess the truth of the information. Therefore, direct or combined methods of information processing that contain classical direct approaches remain important. It is they, as many specialists believe, that will be able to correct the work of large language models. These approaches were used in their works by Dmitry Morozov and Davlater Mengliev. In order for the development of neural networks and large language models not to reach a dead end, it is necessary to involve classical methods of computational linguistics, which uses knowledge of language. In this context, this knowledge is the modeling of human thinking. Neural networks model neural connections in the human brain, but not thinking, and thus implement a purely mechanistic approach to the process of information processing, which is unthinkable without human participation, because humans are both the producer and the end consumer of any information. Therefore, language processing should include an understanding of how it is structured, and not be a mechanical collection of information into large language models, explained Vladimir Barakhnin, the scientific supervisor of both degree candidates.

Dmitry Morozov's research is particularly relevant because it aims to establish a correspondence between the text and its potential reader. As Vladimir Barakhnin explained, there is currently a large gap between generations: many words in texts that seem quite understandable to representatives of the older generation turn out to be completely unperceivable for young people. In most cases, these are obsolete words, and in order to understand them, schoolchildren have to turn to dictionaries. The algorithms developed by Dmitry Morozov are aimed at ensuring that the information consumer receives information adequate to his level of education. Then his development and enrichment of his vocabulary will occur gradually. The importance of these algorithms lies in their real adaptation to the properties of the information consumer and taking into account his capabilities. The expert's assessment is mostly subjective, and therefore not very reliable, and the methods of objective control developed in Dmitry Morozov's dissertation allow for a more thorough educational process in the humanities.

— The topic of my dissertation is “Text Complexity Assessment Using Machine Learning Methods on the Russian Language.” It is devoted to assessing how well the text will be understood by the reader or how well the reader should be prepared to understand what is written. This is necessary to assess the complexity of various instructions. Such texts should be understandable to people without special education and training. But there is a problem: they are created by people who have special knowledge about the subject of the narrative, and therefore much of what is incomprehensible to outsiders seems obvious to them. It is difficult for them to objectively assess the text they are creating. On the other hand, a person who does not have this knowledge, assessing the complexity of the text, must fully familiarize himself with it and give his own assessment. This takes a lot of time. Therefore, a vast field for automating the process is being formed in this area. We have a variety of pre-trained large language models that can be used within the framework of different algorithmic approaches and assess the complexity of the text automatically. My dissertation details how to use them to construct a description of a text, so that the resulting description can then be converted into an assessment of linguistic complexity, said Dmitry Morozov.

The young scientist's development will find application in compiling instructions for complex products. It is also proposed to use this complex to create a collection of texts that would be understandable to schoolchildren of different ages. This is necessary so that linguists can further study their vocabulary, because the various texts read by schoolchildren become an important source of new words in their vocabulary. In this way, they will be able to create different collections of words and predict which of them are known to schoolchildren and which are not, relying not on subjective experience, but on objective data.

The research of the second candidate for the academic degree Davlater Mengliev, according to his scientific supervisor Vladimir Barakhnin, is a pioneering one for Uzbek computer linguistics, which began to develop relatively recently. According to him, at present, an entire scientific school has begun to take shape at NSU and several postgraduate students from the Republic of Uzbekistan are working on the development of this topic.

— I devoted my PhD thesis to the development of a hybrid algorithm for recognizing named entities in the Uzbek language. This algorithm allows extracting key information from the text and recognizing it. Similar developments already exist for other languages, but for Uzbek, as well as for all Turkic languages in general, such work has not yet been done. The use of a hybrid approach, which involves the use of not only modern neural networks, but also traditional rule-oriented algorithms, which, together with several architectures, contributed to achieving good results, gives additional relevance to my work. At the moment, my development has been implemented in various organizations of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in particular, in the reception office of the governor of the Khorezm region. With the help of this algorithm, key information is extracted from requests and applications received by the institution and sent to the relevant divisions and departments. Since there are many dialects in the Uzbek language, my work in this direction is not yet complete, — explained Davlater Mengliev.

Secretary of the scientific seminar of the NSU FIT, within the framework of which pre-defenses of dissertations are held, Alexander Vlasov is confident that the first two defenses of candidate dissertations are the beginning of a long journey both within the faculty and NSU and the Akademgorodok as a whole.

Material prepared by: Elena Panfilo, NSU press service

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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Translation. Region: Russian Federal

Source: Novosibirsk State University –

An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

On Monday, July 21, Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation – Chief of the Government Staff Dmitry Grigorenko visited the Novosibirsk Region on a working visit. One of the items on the agenda was a visit to Novosibirsk State University, where guests were presented with developments of the Center for Artificial Intelligence (CAI) and the Advanced Engineering School (AES) of NSU.

During the meeting, the rector of NSU, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mikhail Fedoruk, introduced the vice-premier to the history of the university, told him what is special about NSU, what it is now and what are the plans for the near future. He noted the special role of the university as a center of attraction for innovations and its contribution to the development of Akademgorodok, Novosibirsk and the country as a whole. Mikhail Fedoruk also emphasized that all the main strategic technological projects that the university is implementing within the framework of the Priority 2030 program are somehow related to new technologies and artificial intelligence.

The AI Center employees, in turn, presented a number of projects that are at various stages of readiness. In partnership with Rostelecom, a whole line of video detectors is being developed that monitor various situations that require the intervention of emergency and city services.

Currently, about two dozen such detectors have been created, some of which have already been installed for testing in real conditions at the university campus facilities. In the future, the developers want to move on to creating detectors capable of tracking several specified signs or threats at once in order to optimize the operation of video surveillance systems.

A prototype of an autonomous intelligent assistant for visually impaired and blind patients was also presented, operating on the basis of using large language models and artificial intelligence technologies. This is a joint development with another industrial partner of the AI Center – the Novosibirsk branch of the Federal State Autonomous Institution "NMITs "MNTK "Microsurgery of the Eye" named after Academician S.N. Fedorov" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

— The principle of operation of this system is simple: a video camera will “see” instead of a person, the information from which will be sent to a portable computer, which will convert it into text. Then the text description is converted by a voice assistant and sent through headphones directly to the patient, — explained the head of the project at the NSU Center for Information Technologies Alexey Okunev.

Another area of work is related to monitoring atmospheric and noise pollution in municipalities. Here, the partner of the NSU Center for Informatics and Information Technologies is the Novosibirsk company CityAir, which specializes in the production and maintenance of networks and services for monitoring the quality of atmospheric air. Together with the university, the company intends to more widely implement artificial intelligence technologies in its work, thereby increasing the capabilities of the supplied equipment.

The NSU Advanced Engineering School has presented a “digital core” project for oil companies. NSU is the lead organization of a consortium that won a grant of 210 million rubles to develop digital core methods, an innovative tool that will help the Russian oil industry improve the efficiency of extracting hard-to-recover oil and gas reserves. The research will be conducted using the latest synchrotron, the Siberian Ring Photon Source (SKIF), located in the science city of Koltsovo.

— The subject of digital core combines the most advanced methods of mathematical modeling, experimental research techniques and data processing. The unique capabilities of synchrotron radiation will allow us to close these areas, making it possible to instrumentally track the impact of various methods of increasing oil recovery on rock and choose the most optimal scenarios for developing hard-to-recover oil and gas reserves, — commented Sergey Golovin, Director of the Advanced Engineering School of NSU, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Dmitry Grigorenko highly praised the developments presented to him, while emphasizing that any remarkable results should not remain “a thing in itself,” and it is necessary to move on to their implementation in the real sector of the country’s economy as quickly as possible.

— Such visits by representatives of the country's leadership are very important for us. We get the opportunity to tell the top officials of the state about the results of our work, to understand from their reaction how relevant our developments are and, in case of a positive assessment, to receive support in implementation, which today is one of the most difficult barriers for most developers, — commented on the results of the visit the director of the NSU Center for Information Technologies Alexander Lyulko.

Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

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