Category: Глобальная политика

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September 23, 2025 UN

During the UN General Assembly's general debate, Annalena Baerbock, President of its 80th session, addressed the session. She emphasized that the current meeting is taking place amid numerous crises—from wars and humanitarian disasters to climate change and technological challenges—and that only by working together can the international community overcome them.

Baerbock recalled the tragedies millions of people experience daily: from elderly Ukrainian women forced to take shelter from drones, to Haitian children afraid to go to school, and women in the Democratic Republic of Congo hiding their daughters from armed groups.

"What we definitely cannot do is allow cynics to exploit these crises to declare the UN obsolete or irrelevant. The Charter is only as strong and powerful as its member states' willingness to abide by it," she said.

Lessons from the past and hope for the future

Baerbock drew parallels with the founding of the UN after World War II, when the world lay in ruins. The signing of the Charter became a "guiding light" for entire generations, she emphasized. "The history of the Organization is not a history of easy victories, but a history of persistent efforts, undertaken again and again," the President of the General Assembly noted.

She urged states to remember that true leadership is not about imposing will, but about the ability to inspire and help others. "Helping others ultimately makes one's own country stronger," Baerbock said, recalling the WHO's role in the fight against the pandemic. Covid-19 and the importance of joint action in the face of the climate crisis.

Reform and election of the next UN chief

According to the President of the General Assembly, the Organization is currently at a crossroads. "Even the very heart of dialogue and diplomacy needs repair. Therefore, the UN80 initiative and the overall reform process are not a luxury, but a necessity," she emphasized. This means strengthening the flexibility and effectiveness of the system, as well as accelerating progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

Baerbock also addressed the issue of gender equality in UN leadership. In its 80 years of existence, the Organization has never elected a woman to the post of Secretary-General. "One might wonder how it is that out of four billion potential candidates, not a single suitable one has emerged?" she said, emphasizing the need for change.

A call for joint action

In closing, Baerbock reminded everyone that the future of the UN depends on the ability of states to act together: "Can we demonstrate to people around the world that the United Nations still exists today and will exist tomorrow and for the next eight decades? Because ultimately, it is a vital necessity for all countries."

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September 23, 2025 UN

Speaking in the General Assembly Hall, the UN Secretary-General called on world leaders to make decisive choices in favor of peace, human rights, climate justice, and strengthened multilateralism. António Guterres recalled that the United Nations, now eighty years old, was born "not as a dream of perfection, but as a strategy for human survival."

The Secretary-General described the modern era as "an age of reckless upheaval and endless suffering," where "the pillars of peace and progress are crumbling under the weight of impunity, inequality, and indifference." He noted that humanity once again faces a choice—whether it will be "a world of force or a world of law," "a world where the right of might is law, or a world that is just for all."

"Impunity is the mother of chaos"

In his speech, Guterres outlined five areas he called "critical" for the modern era. First and foremost, he said, is the need to build a world based on international law.

"Impunity is the mother of chaos," the Secretary-General said, pointing to the ongoing conflicts in Sudan, Ukraine, and Gaza. He asserted that the only viable path to peace in the Middle East is a two-state solution.

"A permanent ceasefire is needed now," the UN chief emphasized. "The release of all hostages is immediate. Full humanitarian access is needed now."

“The past year has brought glimmers of hope, including the ceasefire between Cambodia and Thailand and the US-brokered agreement between Azerbaijan and Armenia,” the Secretary-General said.

"Human rights are not an adornment to the world, but its foundation."

The second general direction of activity Antonio Guterres called the protection of dignity and human rights.

"Human rights are not the world's ornament, but its foundation," he said, calling for the protection of journalists, human rights defenders, refugees, and migrants. The Secretary-General added that development finance is the "fuel" without which the Sustainable Development Goals cannot be achieved.

"Hydrocarbon fuels are a losing bet"

The third focus, according to Guterres, must be climate justice. "Hydrocarbon fuels are a losing bet," he noted, recalling that almost all new energy capacity last year was generated from renewable sources. The Secretary-General warned that investment in the transition to green energy remains too uneven, and that "the window for keeping warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius is closing."

Machines should not decide who lives and who dies.

Speaking about new technologies, the Secretary-General emphasized the need to put them to the service of humanity. "Machines should not decide who lives and who dies," he stated, emphasizing the importance of creating and maintaining international mechanisms to regulate artificial intelligence, including the Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and the Global Dialogue on AI Governance.

Speaking about strengthening the UN, Guterres emphasized that the Organization needs reform and the support of Member States. "For every dollar invested in peacebuilding, states spend $750 on weapons," he recalled. "This is not only short-sighted but also unjustified."

"Real power comes from people."

In concluding his speech, the Secretary-General drew on his personal experience of living under a dictatorship (referring to the Salazar regime in Portugal – editor’s note): “I grew up in a world where there were almost no elections… I understood that real strength comes from people – from our shared determination to defend dignity.”

"In a world of many decisions, there is one we must never make: the decision to give up," said António Guterres. "We must never give up. That is my promise to you."

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September 23, 2025 Healthcare

Although some studies have shown a possible link between acetaminophen (paracetamol) use during pregnancy and autism, the available data is conflicting. Several studies have found no such link, World Health Organization (WHO) spokesperson Tarik Jasarevic stated at a press briefing in Geneva today.

"If the link between acetaminophen and autism were strong, it would likely be observed consistently across multiple studies. The lack of reproducibility requires us to exercise caution when drawing causal conclusions about the role of acetaminophen in autism," he said.

Reproducibility in medical research means that scientists using the same method as in the original study can obtain the same results.

As a reminder, the day before, US President Donald Trump stated at a press conference at the White House that the active ingredient in Tylenol, acetaminophen, significantly increases the risk of autism in children if a woman takes it during pregnancy.

Trump presented data from the US Department of Health and Human Services and related agencies regarding the rise in autism cases in the country. The president noted that the department is preparing new regulatory measures on this issue. Trump also reiterated the link between autism and vaccination.

"It is important for women to continue to follow the advice of their doctors or healthcare professionals, who can help assess their individual circumstances and prescribe the necessary medications," Jasarevic emphasized, adding that medications should be used with caution during pregnancy, especially in the first three months.

Support for people with autism

There are nearly 62 million people worldwide with autism spectrum disorders. These disorders will be discussed on September 25 at a high-level meeting on noncommunicable diseases and mental health, which will be held as part of the UN General Assembly's Week of General Policy Debate.

“We, as a global community, need to do more to understand the causes of autism and the best ways to care for and support people with autism and their families,” Jasarevic said.

Vaccination schedule

The WHO childhood vaccination schedule has been adopted by all countries and has saved at least 154 million lives over the past 50 years, Jasarevic recalled.

"It remains crucial for the health and well-being of every child and every community. This calendar is constantly being updated in line with scientific advances and protects children, adolescents, and adults from 30 infectious diseases," he said.

All WHO vaccination recommendations are based on a thorough analysis of evidence, he stressed.

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September 23, 2025UN

Representatives of all 193 UN Member States and two observer countries, including 89 heads of state, five vice presidents, one crown prince, and 43 heads of government, will address the general debate, which begins today in the General Assembly Hall. Against the backdrop of unprecedented global crises and conflicts, world leaders are gathering at UN Headquarters in New York to jointly seek solutions to global challenges and present their vision for the future of humanity.

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September 23, 2025 International law

Today, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights released a report detailing the plight of thousands of civilians detained since Russia launched its full-scale military attack on Ukraine in 2022.

According to the report, Russian authorities systematically and widely use torture and ill-treatment, including sexual violence, against Ukrainian civilians detained in the occupied territories.

Violence and threats

Most of the 215 released civilians interviewed by the Office since June 2023 have provided consistent and detailed accounts of their detention conditions. They described brutal beatings, the use of electric shocks, mock executions, prolonged restraints in stress positions, death threats and violence against themselves or their loved ones, as well as instances of sexual violence. Interviewees described poor conditions, including insufficient food and inadequate medical care.

Violations of international law

The report notes that the Russian Federation applies its criminal law in the occupied territories, ignoring international humanitarian law, which requires respect for the laws of the occupied territory whenever possible. Frequent disregard for legal and procedural guarantees has led to widespread arbitrary detentions and raised serious concerns about enforced disappearances, the report's authors write. Families of those detained, according to their data, often have little or no information about the fate of their loved ones.

Atmosphere of fear

“The combined impact of these measures, coupled with the lack of accountability, has effectively deprived many Ukrainian civilians of legal protection while in detention and created an oppressive atmosphere and climate of fear in the occupied territories of Ukraine,” the report says.

According to Ukrainian authorities, as noted in the report, in May 2025, approximately 1,800 Ukrainian civilians continued to be held by the Russian Federation in the occupied territories for reasons related to the armed conflict, but the real figure is likely significantly higher.

"Our report reveals human rights violations against civilian detainees. People were arbitrarily seized from the streets of occupied territories, charged under constantly evolving legal provisions, and held for days, weeks, months, and even years, often with limited contact with their families," said UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk.

"It is vital that the human rights of civilian detainees, who have suffered gravely as a result of this terrible conflict, be prioritised in any peace negotiations," he stressed.

Detentions in Ukrainian-controlled territories

The report notes that in Ukrainian-controlled territory, mostly Ukrainian citizens are being detained on charges related to national security, including treason and sabotage.

Many criminal cases related to the conflict involve allegations of collaboration with the Russian occupation authorities. Individuals have been prosecuted for carrying out emergency rescue and construction work, providing humanitarian aid, and cleaning up trash during the occupation—activities that the occupation authorities are legally entitled to demand.

The rise in conflict-related detentions—approximately 2,258 people held in official pretrial detention facilities and correctional facilities in Ukraine as of July 21, 2025, along with 20,000 open criminal cases—has placed a significant strain on the Ukrainian justice system. The authorities are taking steps to strengthen procedural guarantees and improve detention conditions. However, the UN Office continues to document cases of torture and ill-treatment of detainees, and accountability for these violations remains limited.

Türk reiterated that civilians must always be treated humanely, and their detention can only be carried out on grounds provided for by international law. They must be released as soon as such grounds cease to exist.

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September 22, 2025 Women

Progress has been made, but many challenges remain—this was the leitmotif of the speeches delivered at the high-level meeting commemorating the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration on Women's Rights. Gender equality is at the center of attention for delegates arriving in New York to participate in the general policy debates of the 80th session of the UN General Assembly.

The General Assembly President stated that profound inequalities remain unresolved. "The expression 'she runs like a girl' is used as an insult," noted Annalena Baerbock. "Highly qualified female leaders are called 'symbols of diversity,' and a female world leader is criticized on social media not for a speech she gave, but for wearing inappropriate high heels. When all this happens, we realize how much further we still have to go."

"There's not a single country in the world where women are fully equal to men. And there are still too many places where even talking about women's rights can cost lives," she added.

One in three women worldwide will experience sexual violence at least once in their lifetime.

Baerbock cited alarming statistics on violence and reproductive rights. "One in three women worldwide will experience sexual violence at least once in their lifetime. One in three," she said. "Fulfilling the Beijing commitments, this revolutionary decision, also means that no male politician, judge, or religious leader should dare tell our girls what to do with their bodies, because they are people, not property. It's our body. Our choice."

She emphasized that achieving economic equality could take more than a century. "At the current rate, it would take 123 years," Baerbock said. "Closing the gender gap would increase global GDP by seven trillion dollars."

The UN Secretary-General called for accelerated progress.

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres He called the Beijing Declaration "the most ambitious global political commitment to women's rights in history." He said it had contributed to progress in education, maternal health, and legal protections. "However, this progress has been slow and uneven. And no country has achieved full equality for women and girls. Sustainable Development Goal 5—gender equality—is significantly behind schedule."

Read also:

30 Years of the Beijing Declaration on Women's Rights: Achievements, Obstacles, and the Way Forward

"Let's be clear: equal rights and opportunities are not a partisan issue," he emphasized. "They are a global necessity and the foundation of peace, prosperity, and progress."

Guterres recalled that this year, governments reaffirmed their commitment to the Beijing Platform. "The Commission on the Status of Women adopted a new Political Declaration, committing to accelerated and full implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action," he said. "Now all countries must fulfill these commitments. We need clear and unambiguous support at the highest level—and concrete plans backed by real investments."

Present your plans

The Secretary-General noted that eighty years ago the UN Charter enshrined the equal rights of men and women, and thirty years ago the Beijing Declaration enshrined women's rights as human rights.

"Today in this room, we must hear how you intend to turn these ambitions into reality: declare your commitments. Present your plans. Together, let us achieve equality for women and girls – the equality our world so desperately needs," António Guterres concluded.

Mechanisms for protecting women's rights are being destroyed

UN Women Executive Director Sima Bacchus warned that the systems created to protect women's rights are being weakened. "The very mechanisms that were supposed to promote and fund gender equality are being eroded—quietly but deliberately," she said. "This isn't just a setback. It's a retreat. But the future isn't predetermined. Another path is possible."

The 1995 Beijing Conference brought together representatives of 189 governments and thousands of participants, who adopted a Declaration and Platform for Action, outlining strategic objectives in 12 key areas – from education and health care to combating violence against women and girls. Thirty years later, UN leaders emphasized that the primary challenge remains turning these commitments into reality.

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September 22, 2025 Sustainable Development Goals

On September 22, the SDG Moment 2025 Special Event was held at the United Nations Headquarters in New York to mark High-Level Week 80th session of the General Assembly. The meeting participants reaffirmed their commitment to the implementation 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Speaking at the event, the Secretary-General Antonio Guterres reminded of the essence Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – a document adopted in 2015: “to build a fairer world where people and planet thrive.” To achieve these objectives there are only five years left, and there is still a long way to go, the UN chief warned.

Challenges and Hopes

“You only have to look around to see why,” he said. “Conflicts are wreaking havoc. Development funds are drying up. And the climate crisis is dealing blow after blow. And yet, even in this moment of anxiety, we see signs of progress, hope and opportunity".

He noted that record numbers of girls are attending school, child and maternal mortality rates have declined, and HIV infections are declining. Electricity is now available to 92 percent of the world's population, and the Asia-Pacific region is moving toward universal access to energy.

"None of this happened by chance. It's the result of conscious decisions. These and many other examples demonstrate that investing in development pays off," Guterres emphasized.

Progress achieved

According to a concept note prepared for the event, significant progress has been made globally since 2015: over 100 million children and youth are receiving education, internet access has increased by 70 percent, and new HIV infections have decreased by nearly 40 percent. However, humanity still faces significant challenges: over 800 million people live in extreme poverty, hunger affects one in eleven people on the planet, and over a billion people live in slums or informal settlements.

The way forward

The SDG special event brought together global leaders, civil society representatives, youth, women, and activists to discuss how to accelerate action and exchange strategic ideas. As the UN notes, only the joint efforts of governments, businesses, local communities, and civil society will enable the SDG targets to be achieved.

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September 22, 2025 UN

The main news of the day at the UN and around the world: a Security Council meeting on the incident with Russian fighter jets in Estonia, a conference on the Palestinian issue, the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration, the opening of High-Level Week at the UN.

Fighters in Estonia

"Violations of the airspace of sovereign states are unacceptable." With this statement at a meeting of the UN Security Council Assistant Secretary-General Miroslav Jenča addressed the meeting. The meeting was prompted by an incident that occurred on September 19, when, according to Estonia, three Russian fighter jets violated its airspace. Jenča also drew attention to the ongoing strikes in Ukraine. He reiterated his call for a "complete, immediate, and unconditional ceasefire" and expressed the UN's readiness to support any meaningful efforts toward a "just, lasting, and comprehensive peace."

Middle East

On Monday, work resumed at the UN headquarters in New York under the co-chairmanship of France and Saudi Arabia. High-level International Conference on the Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine and the implementation of a two-state solution. On September 21, ahead of the summit, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Portugal announced their recognition of the State of Palestine. And on September 22, French President Emmanuel Macron announced his recognition of Palestine during his speech at the conference.

Women's rights

Today the UN also held high-level meeting to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women. It was then that the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, a global political commitment to women's rights, was adopted. The UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres In his speech at the event, he emphasized that progress since then has been slow and uneven. He added that hard-won gains are now under threat, with a new wave of misogyny being observed around the world.

UN General Assembly

The general debate of the UN General Assembly begins tomorrow. As Secretary-General's spokesman Stéphane Dujarric announced today, 193 delegations are expected to participate, including 89 heads of state, five vice presidents, one crown prince, and 43 heads of government. More than 1,640 bilateral meetings are also scheduled at the General Assembly building during High-Level Week. UN Secretary-General António Guterres will address world leaders at the opening of the debate.

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September 22, 2025 UN

The General Assembly Hall in New York celebrated the anniversary on Monday. 80th anniversary of the creation of the UNThe event began with a musical performance by the youth choir Sing for Hope, singers from the Metropolitan Opera Chorus, and pianist David Watkins, conducted by Tilman Michael. However, as General Assembly President Annalena Baerbock stated in her address, "today is not a day of celebration," but "a moment to remember the lessons of history and find the courage to once again choose the path of hope."

Baerbock recalled the extremely difficult circumstances in which the Organization was created.

Choose the right path

"Countries lie in ruins. More than 70 million dead. Two world wars in a single generation. The unspeakable horrors of the Holocaust. And 72 territories are still colonized. This was our world 80 years ago," she said.

According to her, signing of the UN Charter June 26, 1945 was not just a formality, but a confirmation that humanity had learned lessons from the darkest pages of history.

"It was a commitment not to take us to heaven, but to never again allow the forces of hatred and unbridled ambition to drag us to hell," Baerbock said.

At the same time, she recalled, the world today faces new tragedies and challenges: “We see orphaned children in Gaza searching for food amid the destruction. The ongoing war in Ukraine. Sexual violence in Sudan. Gangs terrorize people in Haiti. The internet is overflowing with hate. Floods and droughts are sweeping the globe.”

"Today is not a holiday. Today is a moment to remember the lessons of history and find the courage to once again choose the path of hope instead of defeat," the General Assembly President emphasized.

Make the promise come true

The UN Secretary-General also delivered a speech. Antonio Guterres, which called for remembering the Organization's first employees, many of whom bore the "visible wounds of war."

"They saw the worst of what humanity is capable of—the horrors of death camps, the brutality of battles, cities razed to the ground. And that's why they chose to serve the cause of peace," he continued. And contrary to the misconception that the pursuit of peace is naive, "they knew: peace is the boldest, most practical, most necessary aspiration of all."

Photo UN/L. Felipe

The Secretary-General recalled that today, UN principles are being tested to unprecedented levels: civilians are under attack, international law is being flouted, poverty and hunger are on the rise, and climate chaos is causing natural disasters. Meanwhile, the global community is moving down a path of division.

"To meet these challenges, we must not just defend the United Nations, but strengthen it," the UN chief said.

"The only way forward is to act together. Let us prove ourselves worthy of this moment – with clarity, courage, and conviction. And let us make the promise of peace a reality," he concluded.

"Information Armageddon"

2021 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Maria Ressa focused her speech on the challenges of human rights and information in the digital age. She recalled that 80 years ago, the UN Charter was born as a promise to prevent a repeat of tragedies after "fascism manipulated information, destroyed truth, and dehumanized entire peoples to justify genocide and world war."

According to her, humanity is currently experiencing an "information Armageddon," where lies spread faster than facts, and algorithms are designed to evoke "outrage instead of empathy" and fuel "fear, anger, and hatred, overwhelming us with a toxic flow of information." Research shows that misinformation spreads six times faster than facts, and with the development of generative AI, the situation is only getting worse, Ressa warned.

She presented three solutions: ending impunity for digital giants and introducing international standards to protect the information environment; creating an alternative infrastructure of trust based on independent journalism; and investing in comprehensive initiatives, including strengthening democratic institutions and supporting the efforts of women, who play a key role in peacebuilding.

“Information integrity "This is the mother of all battles. Win this one, and we win the rest. Lose, and we lose everything," Ressa emphasized.

Nobel Peace Prize laureate and former President of Liberia Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and former Prime Minister of Norway Gro Harlem Brundtland also shared their views on the role of the UN at the meeting.

The meeting concluded with a poetic recitation by global peace advocate Maryam Bukar Hassan.

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September 22, 2025 Peace and security

"Violations of the airspace of sovereign states are unacceptable," Assistant Secretary-General Miroslav Jenča said at a UN Security Council meeting on Monday. The meeting was prompted by an incident that occurred on September 19, when, according to Estonia, three Russian MiG-31 fighter jets violated its airspace.

According to the Estonian Ministry of Defense, the aircraft entered Estonian airspace without permission, with their transponders turned off and without flight plans, which could have posed a threat to other aircraft. In response, Italian F-35 fighter jets participating in the NATO air policing mission over Estonia were scrambled. Estonian authorities stated that this was the fifth violation of their airspace by Russia in 2025 and requested consultations with NATO allies.

The Russian Ministry of Defense, in turn, claims that the flight followed a strictly agreed-upon route over neutral waters of the Baltic Sea, more than three kilometers from the island of Vaindloo, and did not violate Estonian airspace.

Jenča noted that the UN has no confirmation of these claims. He emphasized that the incident in Estonia is not an isolated incident. Earlier in September, violations of Polish and Romanian airspace by Russian drones were recorded.

In closing his remarks, Jenča drew the Security Council's attention to the ongoing attacks on Ukraine. According to Ukrainian authorities, over the past week, Russia has launched more than 1,500 kamikaze drones, 1,280 guided bombs, and 50 missiles of various types. Dozens of civilians have been killed and injured as a result of strikes in the Dnipro River and the Chernihiv and Khmelnytskyi regions. In Russia's Belgorod region, according to local authorities, two people were killed as a result of Ukrainian shelling.

Miroslav Jenča reiterated his call for a "complete, immediate and unconditional ceasefire" and expressed the UN's readiness to support any meaningful efforts towards a "just, lasting and comprehensive peace."

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