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Source: People's Republic of China in Russian – People's Republic of China in Russian –
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Source: People's Republic of China – State Council News
BEIJING, Oct. 24 (Xinhua) — Chinese scientists have recently made significant progress in overcoming key hurdles in the production of solid-state batteries, taking their performance to a new level.
Solid-state batteries, widely considered the next evolution of key lithium battery technologies, hold great potential for applications in electric vehicles and low-altitude aviation.
Previously, a 100 kg battery could provide a maximum range of 500 km on a single charge, but recent technological breakthroughs will allow this figure to be increased to more than 1000 km.
The battery's core function is provided by lithium ions, which act as "couriers," transporting electrons between the positive and negative electrodes. The solid electrolyte serves as a "road" for these ions.
However, in conventional solid-state batteries, the sulfide electrolytes are too hard, and the lithium metal electrodes are too soft. When these materials come into contact, the uneven connection creates resistance, hindering ion movement and reducing efficiency, which has long been a bottleneck in their commercialization.
To address this issue, Chinese research teams have developed innovative solutions that seamlessly bridge the gap between hard and soft materials, enabling smoother ion transport and improved performance.
One approach, proposed by the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, uses iodine ions as a "special glue." During operation, these ions migrate to the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte, where they attract lithium ions to fill the microscopic gaps and pores.
This self-healing mechanism creates a tightly bonded interface, effectively overcoming one of the most persistent obstacles to the practical application of solid-state batteries.
Scientists from the Institute of Metals Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have given electrolytes "flexible transformation." By creating a polymer-based framework, they developed a battery that remains fully functional even after 20,000 bends or twists.
This design not only provides exceptional durability, but also incorporates specialized chemical additives into the flexible structure—some to accelerate the transport of lithium ions, others to trap additional lithium ions—thus increasing energy storage capacity by 86 percent.
Another achievement by the Tsinghua University team is the implementation of a fluorine-enhanced technique. They modified the electrolyte with fluorinated polyester materials, exploiting fluorine's high voltage resistance to form a protective layer on the electrode surface. This fluorine-rich barrier prevents the electrolyte from deteriorating under high voltage.
As a result, batteries with this technology have passed rigorous safety tests, including being pierced with a nail and heated to 120 degrees Celsius, without fire or explosion, confirming both their high performance and safety. -0-
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