Translation. Region: Russian Federal
Source: United Nations – United Nations –
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September 15, 2025 Peace and security
Addressing delegates to the 69th General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi called on states to reaffirm their commitment to the nuclear non-proliferation regime.
Grossi stressed that support for the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the agency itself is now of utmost importance, as the conference is taking place against the backdrop of increasing terrorist attacks, growing armed conflicts and weakening nuclear controls.
The agency's head spoke about the IAEA's work to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and the peaceful uses of nuclear technology – from treating cancer and ensuring food security to monitoring plastic pollution, diagnosing diseases and developing artificial intelligence.
Challenges and achievements
Grossi noted with satisfaction that Syria agreed to work closely with the agency this year and that an agreement was reached last week with Iran to resume technical measures to ensure the peaceful nature of its nuclear developments.
As for Ukraine, where nuclear facilities are under threat due to the conflict, the agency, according to its director, has sent more than 200 missions there and is present at all nuclear power plants.
However, he continued, challenges remain: North Korea is developing its nuclear weapons program, and some countries that still adhere to the NPT are discussing the possibility of revising it.
"Just imagine a world where there are 20 or 25 countries armed with nuclear weapons," he warned.
Nuclear technology for good
Three years ago, the IAEA launched its flagship Rays of Hope initiative, which has catalyzed real progress in cancer treatment. The program has built hospitals, purchased radiotherapy equipment, and trained specialists in 40 countries.
A joint programme with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Atoms4Food helps to strengthen food security and reduce the environmental impact of agriculture.
The IAEA chief also spoke about other initiatives of the agency, from the fight against plastic pollution to improving global preparedness for epidemics.
An optimistic outlook for the future
With the rise of artificial intelligence, Grossi says, “the future will be too exciting to miss.” Nuclear energy could power AI infrastructure, and AI could improve nuclear technology. In December, the IAEA will hold the first-ever symposium on this connection.
Another promising area is the development of thermonuclear energy, thanks to investments from both the public and private sectors.
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