Translation. Region: Russian Federation –
Source: United Nations – United Nations –
An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.
January 29, 2026 Human rights
Across Europe and Central Asia, millions of children are subjected to violent punishment—verbal or physical—by the people who are supposed to care for them. Although this is one of the most common forms of violence against children, it often goes unreported because the punishments occur behind closed doors.
According to a recent report from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)Almost one in three children aged one to 14 in the region is subjected to corporal punishment by parents or guardians. Psychological aggression affects between 36 and 69 percent of children in 15 countries with available data. These forms of violent "discipline" are often used simultaneously.
As of 2025, 39 countries in Europe and Central Asia have banned corporal punishment in all circumstances. However, even with laws, political commitment, and a growing understanding of its harm, violent parenting methods remain widespread. They are often considered a "normal" part of parenting. However, data shows that over 90 percent of parents believe that physical punishment and psychological aggression are unnecessary, yet many still resort to them.
The risk of physical punishment changes with age
In countries that provided data, rates of physical punishment typically increase in early childhood and peak at ages three to four. Rates then decline, and in many countries, rates are significantly lower among children aged 10 to 14.
This points to a regional trend: early childhood is a period of particular vulnerability. Harsh discipline during this time can undermine a child's sense of security, impact brain development and learning, and increase the risk of emotional and behavioral difficulties.
Risk factors
In all countries with available data, boys are more likely to be physically punished than girls. The difference in psychological aggression is smaller, but boys are still slightly more likely to suffer. This suggests the influence of gender stereotypes: boys are more often seen as needing stricter control.
Furthermore, children with disabilities are more likely to be subjected to physical punishment than their peers without disabilities, highlighting the need for inclusive protections.
The role of the living environment
The risk of violent discipline can vary greatly within a single country. A striking example is children living in Roma settlements. In Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, Roma children are more likely to be subjected to physical punishment than the national average. This is due to poverty, social exclusion, and limited access to services. When families and communities receive sufficient support, these risks can be reduced.
A safe childhood for every child
Violent discipline leaves long-lasting emotional and psychological consequences. It teaches fear rather than understanding, and increases the risk of perpetuating the cycle of violence in the future.
Most parents, however, don't intend to cause harm—it's often a result of stress, harmful social norms, and a lack of support. This means violence is preventable.
Clear laws, resources for their implementation, effective monitoring, and, most importantly, prevention are needed. Work with parents, teachers, and specialists should be aimed at promoting non-violent parenting methods.
Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source. It represents an accurate account of the source's assertions and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.